{"title":"An Improved Subdomain Model for Optimizing Electromagnetic Performance of AFPM Machines","authors":"Wenming Tong;Deyi Cai;Shengnan Wu","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3448388","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3448388","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at the problem of the time-consuming calculation of finite element method (FEM) and the poor generalizability of existing subdomain models, an improved subdomain model that takes into account the slot-opening region and introduces periodicity coefficient to reduce the size of the coefficient matrix is proposed in this paper, which can accurately predict the electromagnetic performance of axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines. Meanwhile, the application range of the proposed model for any pole-slot combinations is broadened by studying the distribution law of double-layer fractional slot concentrated windings (FSCW). In addition, an evolutionary algorithm is applied to achieve rapid optimization analysis in the preliminary design, the optimized result shows a significant reduction in cogging torque and an improvement in efficiency. Finally, the reliability and effectiveness of the developed analytical model is validated by both FEM and experiments. Compared with FEM, the calculation time is reduced by 98.92% while guaranteeing computational accuracy, which greatly facilitates the design and optimization of related types of motors.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8745-8754"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Flexible Distribution Network Topology Determination in Presence of Scattered Energy Sources Using Coherence Between Load Type and Components","authors":"Meisam Mahdavi;Manohar Chamana;Konrad Schmitt;Stephen Bayne;Augustine Awaafo;Francisco Jurado;Emmanuel Attah Marfo","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3448402","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3448402","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient reduction of power losses in modern systems can be achieved by selectively connecting tie lines and disconnecting radial branches in distribution networks with scattered energy generation sources. The influence of load power is pivotal in this optimization process. Consequently, it becomes crucial to accurately model the demand side, portraying the behavior of electricity consumers more effectively. Given that loads are not constant and exhibit variations with changes in voltage magnitude, contingent on the consumer type, it becomes imperative to represent each load through its load model's constant-impedance, constant-power, and constant-current components. Establishing the relationship between these components and load types is essential for proposing more flexible reconfiguration models. Therefore, this study employs mathematical formulations to express the correlation of load components with consumer types, aiming to provide a more flexible reconfiguration formulation compared to conventional models. The results obtained from well-known distribution systems demonstrate that the proposed framework is sufficiently efficient, offering optimal solutions within a shorter computing time compared to other existing reconfiguration models.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8004-8019"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhijun Zhang;Zhao Yang Dong;Christine Yip;Fengji Luo
{"title":"Security-Economic Driven Coordinated Operation of the Mobile Charging Robots Cluster and Active Distribution Networks","authors":"Zhijun Zhang;Zhao Yang Dong;Christine Yip;Fengji Luo","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3447637","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3447637","url":null,"abstract":"To alleviate the operation pressure of charging electric vehicles (EVs) in the smart grid, mobile charging technologies have emerged in recent years. This article presents a new charging scheme for EVs based on the mobile charging robots (MCRs) cluster. First, the MCR operator manages the mobile charging service in a uniform manner, while the interaction between the MCR operator and the EV owners is modeled as a game, this game aims to satisfy the total revenue of the MCR operator and the charging demand of the EV owners by dividing the initial optimization problem into two subproblems. Second, the article addresses the voltage issue in active distribution networks (ADN) through the proposed distributed finite-time voltage restoration, which utilizes the reactive power of the MCRs and renewable energy source (RES)-based distributed generators (DGs) to regulate the system voltage without disrupting the MCR operator's charging service. Finally, simulation results are conducted to prove the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed new charging scheme.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8306-8318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Switching Modes for Reduction of Peak Voltage Transients in GaN-Based Three Level ANPC Inverter","authors":"Subhransu Satpathy;Partha Pratim Das;Subhashish Bhattacharya;Victor Veliadis","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3447608","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3447608","url":null,"abstract":"The switching pole voltage can transition between P,0, and N states in a three-level active neutral point clamped (ANPC) inverter. State transitions between 0-P and 0-N can be realized with different switching modes. Three switching modes- Short\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, Short\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, and Full are studied considering the effect of capacitive current paths. The role of clamping and inner switch on/off conditions is determined using simplified equivalent circuit models. Short\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 with clamping switch off is beneficial for turn-on overvoltage suppression but results in high turn-off overvoltage. Full mode with a parallel current sharing path is effective for turn-off overvoltage suppression but leads to high turn-on overvoltage. Hence, a Modified Full mode is proposed to achieve the simultaneous objective of overvoltage suppression at both turn-on and turn-off transient during high load currents. This benefits 3L ANPC operation at a low power factor with a high load current at fundamental voltage zero crossing points. A 650V GaN-based three-level ANPC inverter prototype is designed and used to evaluate the switching modes and overvoltage suppression strategies through double pulse tests and continuous operation.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"9066-9079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaser Chulaee;Greg Heins;Ben Robinson;Ali Mohammadi;Mark Thiele;Dean Patterson;Dan M. Ionel
{"title":"Design and Optimization of High-Efficiency Coreless PCB Stator Axial Flux PM Machines With Minimal Eddy and Circulating Current Losses","authors":"Yaser Chulaee;Greg Heins;Ben Robinson;Ali Mohammadi;Mark Thiele;Dean Patterson;Dan M. Ionel","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3447620","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3447620","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a systematic multi-step design procedure for highly efficient printed circuit board (PCB) stator coreless axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines with minimal eddy and circulating current losses. The process begins with initial sizing, providing specific coefficients based on experience with multiple design projects. It continues with the optimization of the machine envelope design using an evolutionary algorithm and computationally efficient 3D finite element analysis (FEA) models. The subsequent step focuses on the detailed design of a PCB stator, aiming to minimize eddy and circulating current losses. Several open circuit loss mitigation techniques are proposed based on analytical equations and 3D FEA, while considering PCB manufacturing limitations and standards. The effectiveness of this design procedure is showcased through the design of an integral horsepower PCB stator coreless AFPM machine for HVAC applications, which was prototyped and tested. The experimental results indicated significantly reduced eddy current losses and virtually zero circulating currents, achieving 96% efficiency at a speed of 2,100 rpm and an output torque of 19 Nm. This outcome validates the efficacy of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8722-8735"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Analysis of Odd Triple Harmonics to Detect Broken Rotor Bar in Delta-Connected Induction Motors","authors":"Ruhan Pontes Policarpo de Souza;Daniel Morinigo-Sotelo;Vanesa Fernandez-Cavero;Óscar Duque-Perez;Cristiano Marcos Agulhari;Alessandro Goedtel","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3447632","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3447632","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to use and explore odd triple harmonics to perform fault detection in delta-connected induction motors, demonstrating their suitability to detect broken rotor bars. Harmonic components arise around the main odd triple components, generated by the interaction of the fault and other effects, such as saturation and voltage unbalance. The paper presents the mathematical modeling introducing the harmonic components, along with experimental results under several load levels, voltage unbalanced, and under inverter-fed power supply, demonstrating the effectiveness of the detection of the odd triple harmonics. The results compare line and phase currents, demonstrating that the proposed harmonics perform satisfactorily in phase current, suitable for fault detection in a wide operating range, including low-load cases.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8736-8744"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jichen Qu, Hui Wang, Liang Zou, Li Zhang, Tao Zhang, Jian Zhou, Boyang Zhang
{"title":"A Two-Layer Energy Management Strategy of Fuel Cell Hybrid System in Electric Ships","authors":"Jichen Qu, Hui Wang, Liang Zou, Li Zhang, Tao Zhang, Jian Zhou, Boyang Zhang","doi":"10.1109/tia.2024.3447628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tia.2024.3447628","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Saleh;E. C. McSporran;J. L. Cardenas Barrera;E. Castillo-Guerra;C. P. Diduch
{"title":"The One-Node Approach to Implement Smart Grid Functions for Residential Loads","authors":"S. A. Saleh;E. C. McSporran;J. L. Cardenas Barrera;E. Castillo-Guerra;C. P. Diduch","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3446958","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3446958","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents and tests a one-node method for implementing smart grid functions to operate residential loads. The proposed method is developed based on adjusting the power demands of residential loads to achieve a desired load-demand profile at the supply node. A desired load-demand profile is set based on operating thermostatically controlled appliances (TCAs) in the target residential loads. Smart grid functions are implemented to operate TCAs so that thermal energy is stored during the daily off-peak-demand hours. This stored thermal energy is discharged during daily peak-demand hours in order to reduce power demands of residential loads during these hours. The command power assigned to each TCA controller (set to implement smart grid functions) is initiated using a modified-profile for residential load hosting these TCAs. The one-node method is implemented and tested for a university campus that has 45 buildings. Each building has central central heating units and water heaters, and some buildings have central air conditioner units. Tests are performed for different seasons, where power demands of campus buildings are controlled by peak-demand management (as a smart grid function). Test results show the accuracy and simplicity of the one-node method to assign command values for each building to ensure reduced power losses and improved voltage.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8295-8305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Panagiotis Pediaditis;Charalampos Ziras;Dimitrios Papadaskalopoulos;Nikos D. Hatziargyriou
{"title":"Integrating Variable Distribution Use-of-System Tariffs and Local Flexibility Markets Through a Bilevel Modeling Approach","authors":"Panagiotis Pediaditis;Charalampos Ziras;Dimitrios Papadaskalopoulos;Nikos D. Hatziargyriou","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3446730","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3446730","url":null,"abstract":"Although the large-scale integration of distributed energy resources constitutes a fundamental pillar of low-carbon energy systems, it creates an increasing stress in distribution networks, requiring mobilisation of the flexibility of those resources to resolve network congestion. To this end, two alternative mechanisms that have recently gained attention are temporally- and spatially-differentiated distribution use-of-system tariffs and local flexibility markets. However, existing research has investigated these two mechanisms in silos, neglecting their potential synergies in mobilising distributed energy resources flexibility. This paper aims at addressing this research gap by proposing a bilevel optimisation model which captures the interactions between a distribution system operator designing variable distribution use-of-system tariffs and operating a local flexibility market based on capacity limitations, and aggregators of electric vehicles with smart charging capability reacting to the designed tariffs and procured capacity limitations. The model is tested on a real 47-node distribution network. The presented studies illustrate cases where the two mechanisms synergetically resolve congestion phenomena and demonstrate that their combination results in a significant reduction of total system costs.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8263-8272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xian Zhang;Yue Yin;Yong Lv;Hong Wang;Ting Wu;Guibin Wang
{"title":"A Low-Carbon Planning Strategy for Integrated Energy System and Hydrogen Refueling Stations With the Retirement of Oil Stations","authors":"Xian Zhang;Yue Yin;Yong Lv;Hong Wang;Ting Wu;Guibin Wang","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3446956","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3446956","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen vehicles (HVs) are believed to be an effective alternative to fossil fuel vehicles for carbon emission reduction. However, the advantage of HVs highly depends on the carbon emissions produced during hydrogen production. In this paper, a novel two-stage collaborative planning model is proposed to achieve carbon reduction by the low-carbon-oriented transformation. Firstly, in Stage I, a low-carbon power system is established by dynamically retiring coal-fired power plants and promoting the use of renewable energy. In Stage II, with the help of the carbon emission flow model, hydrogen production stations are innovatively constructed at the nodes with extremely low carbon emission intensity in the power system calculated in Stage I, aiming to reduce the carbon emissions generated during hydrogen production. The model incorporates various hydrogen production methods, and effectively employs the coupling of the power and hydrogen networks. Additionally, oil stations are gradually phased out with the construction of hydrogen refueling stations, contributing to further emission reductions. It addresses the trade-off between cost and environmental considerations by minimizing the average cost of carbon emission reduction. Finally, the case studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed model in establishing an eco-friendly energy system, which achieves the highest carbon reductions compared to other approaches while also requiring the lowest costs. Specifically, the carbon emission decreases by 83.39% in the power system with a per cost of $ 87.13 and by 79.89% in the integrated system with a per cost of $ 41.43 through two-stage planning.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8284-8294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}