IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications最新文献

{"title":"AC Ground Fault Location Method for Variable Speed Drives Using Lissajous Curves","authors":"José Manuel Guerrero;Daniel Serrano-Jiménez;Patxi Madina;Vanesa Valiño;Gustavo Navarro;Carlos A. Platero","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3446955","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3446955","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing presence of electric drives demands the development of new detection and diagnosis methods of electrical faults. In particular, ground faults are the most common type of faults in electrical systems. Locating these faults is not trivial, as they depend not only on the position, but also on its fault resistance. This paper proposes a new method to detect and locate ground faults in the AC side of an electric drive. The method is based on the ground connection of a high value resistance between the midpoint of the DC bus and ground. By means of the study of the relations between the DC voltage on this resistance and the phase-to-neutral voltages in the AC side of the drive, the location of the fault can be determined. This method has several advantages, as it does not require to know the phase impedance or to estimate an initial ground resistance. The method has been validated by means of computer simulations and in an experimental test bench using a 140-kW power converter obtaining satisfactory results.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8912-8922"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Real Smart Digital Current Simulator Prototype for BESS Power Management","authors":"Alessandro Galasso;Riccardo Loggia;Alessandro Flamini;Cristina Moscatiello;Andrea Massaccesi;Luigi Martirano","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3446738","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3446738","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial Battery Energy Storage Systems are equipped with a standard control unit with simplified logic, able to reduce the impact of the power system on the electric grid. The standard control is locked in a closed environment without any chance to modify the logic. The control unit receives signals from current sensors located at the entrance point of the power system. This paper presents a proposal of innovative device called Smart Digital Current Simulator as a substitute of those current sensors, aiming to generate a sinusoidal signal that falsifies the real induced current inside current sensor's windings by house power leads, in order to fool the control unit to inject or withdraw the desired electric power from or to the electric system. This paper shows a prototype of the suggested device completed of the open sources Node-Red server, Mosquitto broker and Home Assistant Container. This device communicates through Mosquitto protocol and can be managed by a user-friendly Graphic User Interface with open logics to manage a user-desired charge and discharge. Also, allows complying Demand Side Management and Demand Response strategies, otherwise not possible. Moreover, it is useful to buy energy when the price of electricity is below a specific threshold or the Battery Storage power is preferred instead of the grid power when the price of electricity is above a specific threshold. Finally, is able to perform a peak shaving to keep the withdrawal of power constant from the grid.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8254-8262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triangular Carrier Based Synchronous PWM for Operating High Power IM Drives at Odd Non-Triplen Pulse Numbers","authors":"Pooja Kumari;Ashish Kumar Panda;Avanish Tripathi","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3446951","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3446951","url":null,"abstract":"Two-level voltage source inverter (VSI) fed high power induction motor (IM) drives (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$geq 750$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 kW) are deployed in numerous industrial applications including traction and energy sectors. Usually, such motor drives operate at switching frequency (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$ f_{sw}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) restricted below 500 Hz due to high switching energy losses in VSI. For a fundamental frequency (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$ f_{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) rated at 50 Hz, pulse number (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$P$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, ratio of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$f_{sw}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$f_{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) drops below 9 near rated \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$f_{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. Traditionally, triangular carrier based synchronous sine triangle (SST) pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is used for these drives for maintaining reasonable line current quality and ease of implementation. Performance of SST PWM is found to be good at odd triplen (e.g. \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$3, 9, 15, 21$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$P$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 due to preservation of waveform symmetries in VSI output voltages. However, large gap in \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$f_{sw}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 between the pulse numbers 9 and 3, forces the motor drive to operate at non-triplen pulse numbers e.g. 7 and 5, as well, over mid and high ranges of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$f_{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 . Consequently, motor drives suffer from high current and torque ripples. This paper proposes a triangular carrier based synchronous (TCS) PWM which maintains all waveform symmetries while operating at odd non-triplen pulse numbers i.e 7 and 5. A double Fourier series based analysis is performed for the proposed PWM to compute the fundamental component. Proposed TCS PWM is implemented on a three-phase, 65 Hz, 2.2 kV, 850 kW IM drive, operated in vector control mode, over simulation. Performance of proposed TCS PWM is validated against standard SST PWM in terms of total harmonic distortion in line current (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$I_{THD}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000), capacitor current ripple, power loss in the VSI and torque ripple. Theoretical findings are validated further experimentally on a three - phase 50 Hz, 415 V, 3.7 kW IM drive in open-loop V/f and vector control modes. Simulation and experimental results indicate that proposed TCS PWM performs significantly better than SST PWM over mid and high ranges of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$f_{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8901-8911"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Gate Drive Resistance on the CM EMI Performance of the Balanced Inverter With Asymmetrical Parasitic Impedance Distribution","authors":"Pengkun Tian;Feida Chen;Thomas M. Jahns;Bulent Sarlioglu","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3446748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3446748","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an investigation of the effects of the gate drive resistance on the performance of the balanced inverter used for common-mode voltage cancellation. A simplified analytical common-mode voltage model that incorporates the circuit stray inductances is derived to capture the impact of the gate drive resistance on the effectiveness of common-mode voltage cancellation during switching transients. Experiments with different gate drive resistance have been implemented to evaluate the proposed analytical model on a 30-kW hardware demonstrator unit. The experimental results show raising the gate resistance from 4 Ω to 8 Ω reduces the peak value of the source common-mode voltage frequency spectrum by approx. 6 dB, and the inverter power loss increases by approx. 54%, highlighting the performance tradeoffs associated with this technique.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"9052-9065"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safe Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Real-Time Operation Strategy in Unbalanced Distribution System","authors":"Yeunggurl Yoon;Myungseok Yoon;Xuehan Zhang;Sungyun Choi","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3446735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3446735","url":null,"abstract":"Unbalanced voltages are one of the voltage quality issues affecting customer devices in distribution systems. Conventional optimization methods are time-consuming to mitigate unbalanced voltage in real time because these approaches must solve each scenario after observation. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is effectively trained offline for real-time operations that overcome the time-consumption problem in practical implementation. This paper proposes a safe deep reinforcement learning (SDRL) based distribution system operation method to mitigate unbalanced voltage for real-time operation and satisfy operational constraints. The proposed SDRL method incorporates a learning module (LM) and a constraint module (CM), controlling the energy storage system (ESS) to improve voltage balancing. The proposed SDRL method is compared with the hybrid optimization (HO) and typical DRL models regarding time consumption and voltage unbalance mitigation. For this purpose, the models operate in modified IEEE-13 node and IEEE-123 node test feeders.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8273-8283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground Fault Detector for DC Microgrids Using Sequentially-Switched Grounding Connections","authors":"José Manuel Guerrero;Itxaso Aranzabal;Julen Gómez-Cornejo;Pablo Eguía;Sergio Zarate;Carlos A. Platero","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3446749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3446749","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing demand of renewable energy and recent research in smart Direct Current (DC) microgrids, electric systems with high presence of power electronics are gaining momentum. One piece of evidence is the emergence of ungrounded low voltage DC (LVDC) microgrids and their energy management, which are crucial for achieving high efficiency systems. However, they are difficult to protect against electrical faults, especially against Ground Faults (GF), due to the commutation frequencies and the duality of AC and DC currents that cause a lack of selectivity in conventional protection relays. In this paper a GF detection method is proposed for addressing this issue. The method discerns between the affected zone (AC or DC) by sequentially switching a grounding resistor among the different neutrals and DC midpoints of the system. The method is based on the frequency domain analysis of the voltage waveform measured on this grounding resistor. Afterwards, in the case of AC fault, the phase-to-neutral voltages in the affected zone are measured and compared with the voltage across the grounding resistor to identify the faulty phase. In the case of DC faults, the polarity of this last voltage also allows the identification of the faulty pole. To validate the method, numerous simulations and experimental tests have been performed obtaining satisfactory results.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8888-8900"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10640298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Stability Analysis of a Simplified Neuro-Fuzzy Direct Torque Control Scheme for a Grid-Connected DFIG-WECS With Improved Performance and Reduced Computation","authors":"Md. Shamsul Arifin;Mohammad Nasir Uddin","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3444747","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3444747","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simplified neuro-fuzzy torque control (NFTC) scheme for a grid-connected doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) with enhanced stability while reducing the computational burden. The proposed NFTC scheme processes the torque and flux errors between the actual torque and flux and their respective references to produce switching signals to the Rotor Side Converter (RSC). Furthermore, the NF structures utilized by the proposed NFTC scheme are more simplified as they consider single input to generate control signal. A systematic analysis related to the computational burden of the NF networks is performed to prove the reduced computation related to proposed NFTC. A hybrid training algorithm is also developed to train the parameters of the proposed NF structures based on the data obtained from the classical PI controller incorporating system uncertainties. The stability analysis of the WECS incorporating the proposed NFTC scheme is accomplished by estimating the system to a second order linear time invariant system. Furthermore, the trajectories of generator torque and flux are analyzed considering grid voltage fluctuation to verify the global stability of the WECS. The performance of the NFTC is investigated in simulation using MATLAB-Simulink at various operating conditions such as wind speed change and grid voltage variations. The efficacy of the NFTC is also verified experimentally using laboratory prototype and DSP board DS1104. Both simulation and real-time results confirm the satisfactory performance of the proposed NFTC scheme.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8482-8494"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable DDPG-Based Path Tracking for Connected Autonomous Electric Vehicles in Extra-Urban Scenarios","authors":"Giacomo Basile;Sara Leccese;Alberto Petrillo;Renato Rizzo;Stefania Santini","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3444733","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3444733","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the path-tracking control problem for Connected Autonomous Electric Vehicles (CAEVs) moving in a smart Cooperative Connected Automated Mobility (CCAM) environment, where a smart infrastructure suggests the reference behaviour to achieve. To solve this problem, a novel energy-oriented Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) control strategy, able to guarantee the optimal tracking of the suggested path while minimizing the CAEVs energy consumption, is proposed. To this aim, the power autonomy, the battery state of charge (SOC), the overall power train model -comprehensive of the electric motor equations, inverter dynamics and the battery pack model- is embedded within the training process of the DDPG agent, hence letting the CAEV to travel according to the best sustainable driving policy. The training procedure and the validation phase of the proposed control method is performed via an own-made advanced simulation platform which, combining \u0000<italic>Matlab &amp; Simulink</i>\u0000 with \u0000<italic>Python</i>\u0000 environment, allows the virtualization of real driving scenarios. Specifically, the training process confirms the capability of DDPG agent in learning the safe eco-driving policy, while, the numerical validation, tailored for the realistic extra-urban scenario located in Naples, Italy, discloses the capability of the DDPG-based eco-driving controller in solving the appraised CCAM control problem despite presence of external disturbances. Finally, a robustness analysis of the proposed strategy in ensuring the ecological path tracking control problem for different CAEV models and driving path scenarios, along with a comparison analysis with respect model-based controls, is provided to better highlights the benefits/advantages of the proposed Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) control.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"9237-9250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Electric Vehicle Integration in Virtual Power Plants: A Stochastic Optimization Framework With MDNN Integration","authors":"Ubaid Qureshi;Insha Andrabi;Mohsin Manzoor;Shahi Jahan Khan;Owais Gul;Furqan Farooq;Bijaya Ketan Panigrahi","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3444744","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3444744","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the power grid presents both opportunities and challenges, necessitating efficient management of their charging and discharging activities. Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) have emerged as a promising solution to aggregate and manage distributed energy resources, including EV batteries, in a coordinated manner. This paper proposes a novel optimization framework combining Stochastic Receding-Horizon Convex Optimization with Mixture Density Neural Networks (MDNNs) to address the scheduling of EV batteries within VPPs. The framework considers uncertainties such as renewable energy generation, EV availability, and market prices. Through comprehensive modeling, simulation, and real-world data analysis, the effectiveness of the proposed approach in maximizing revenue generation for VPPs is demonstrated. Integration of MDNNs enhances prediction accuracy and decision-making under uncertainty, showcasing the transformative potential of advanced optimization techniques and machine learning methodologies in shaping the future of energy management systems. Overall, this study contributes a pioneering approach tailored for VPPs, highlighting its practical feasibility and effectiveness in enhancing grid reliability and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"9227-9236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current-Sensor-Less Condition Monitoring of a DC-Link Capacitor Based on Analysis of a Six-Pulse Diode Rectifier Having AC and DC Inductors","authors":"Kazunori Hasegawa;Yuto Hirose","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3443784","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3443784","url":null,"abstract":"Condition monitoring plays an important role in improving reliability of power electronic converters including their dc-link capacitors because it contributes to predicting converter failures. This paper presents an analysis of a six-pulse diode rectifier used in the front-end of a three-phase PWM inverter intended for current-sensor-less condition monitoring of a dc-link capacitor. The analysis reveals the ripple current flowing out of a front-end six-pulse diode rectifier having ac line and dc inductors, which allows condition monitoring of both the capacitance and equivalent-series resistance (ESR) of the capacitor without using current sensors. Theoretical analysis reveals that the capacitor current is calculated by the three-phase ac source voltage, ac line inductor, dc inductor, and output power of the inverter. Experimental results obtained from a 200-V laboratory system confirmed that both the ESR and capacitance changes were observed without any current sensors.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"9043-9051"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}