{"title":"A Method for Constructing Synchronous Electrical Machine Equivalent Circuit Models for Motor-Drive Co-Simulation","authors":"Kuo-Yuan Hung;Nai-Wen Liu;Shih-Chin Yang","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3531828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3531828","url":null,"abstract":"The paper introduces a method to model various synchronous electrical machines called the equivalent circuit model (ECM). The purpose of developing ECM is to present an efficient machine model that is feasible for motor-drive co-simulation. The features include (1) rapid computation for motor-drive co-simulation with voltage source inverters and controllers, (2) capability of simulating electromagnetic nonlinearities such as saturation and harmonics, (3) identical interface as a standard electrical component that can be implemented in circuit simulation tools directly, and (4) generalized construction to let most applications can utilize the proposed method. The proposed ECM consists of three parts: (1) mathematical model to represent the physics, (2) pre-processed flux linkage database from finite element analysis (FEA) results, experiments, or other reliable databases, and (3) equivalent circuit components that link the mathematical model to the circuit model in simulation software. Synchronous electrical machines, including a three-phase synchronous machine (3ϕSM), open-end-winding synchronous machine (OEWSM), electric-excited synchronous machine (EESM), and dual-three-phase synchronous machine (D3ϕSM), were investigated to validate the functionality of the proposed method. In these cases, FEA models were used as a reference. According to the results, the computation time of performing ECM was significantly shorter than that of FEA, while the relative error was acceptable in the studied cases. Finally, the ECM-based motor-drive co-simulation was demonstrated and compared with an actual motor-drive system under various operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 2","pages":"3114-3130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrogen Energy Storage System Participated Decentralized Voltage Control With Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Method","authors":"Xian Zhang;Changlei Gu;Hong Wang;Guibin Wang;Yinliang Xu;Ahmed Rabee Sayed","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3531321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3531321","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of power electronic technology, smart inverters and energy storage systems are progressively employed for voltage regulation in active distribution networks (ADNs). In this article, we incorporate hydrogen energy storage system (HESS) into distribution network voltage control and propose a cooperated voltage control framework. At first, we formulate a two-timescale voltage control problem considering the characteristics of different voltage regulation devices. HESS is accurately modeled and introduced into the fast timescale. To achieve a decentralized and efficient solution to this problem, we reformulate it as a two-timescale Markov games and then propose a modified multi-agent soft actor-critic (MASAC) algorithm to solve it. Specifically, the prioritized experience replay is introduced into MASAC algorithm, which is called PER-MASAC, to enhance the training process stability and improve the control performance. The proposed voltage control framework is tested with a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system. The simulation results demonstrate that it can effectively mitigate the voltage fluctuation, reduce network loss and avoid the operational violation of HESS.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 2","pages":"2578-2588"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Saleh;A. Jee;J. Meng;E. Ozkop;S. Panetta;D. Mohla;B. Nahid-Mobarakeh
{"title":"Impacts of Impedance Grounding on Variable-Frequency Electric Motor Drives","authors":"S. A. Saleh;A. Jee;J. Meng;E. Ozkop;S. Panetta;D. Mohla;B. Nahid-Mobarakeh","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3531835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3531835","url":null,"abstract":"The grounding system for a variable-frequency electric motor drive (VFD) is typically designed to enhance the continuity of operation, limit ground fault currents, limit transient over-voltages during ground faults, improve safety, and reduce or eliminate common-mode voltages (CMVs). The majority of VFDs utilize power transformers to provide isolation between the VFD and its supply, and operate as the point-of-supply to the front-ac-dc power electronic converter (PEC). Grounding system designs for VFDs have been a subject of several standards, industrial codes, and recommended practices. This paper analyzes the performance of impedance grounding systems (during steady-state and fault conditions), when utilized in VFDs. Analyzed grounding systems are the low-resistance, and high-resistance grounding systems. The performance of analyzed grounding systems is evaluated based ground currents, ground potential, and CMVs. Several experimental tests are also conducted to draw conclusions and suggest recommendations for an adequate impedance grounding for industrial VFDs.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 2","pages":"2336-2348"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanduni I. Nimalsiri;Elizabeth L. Ratnam;Maneesha Perera;Saman K. Halgamuge
{"title":"Distributed Coordination of Electric Vehicles in Unbalanced Distribution Grids: Enhancing Resilience to Peer-to-Peer Communication Failures","authors":"Nanduni I. Nimalsiri;Elizabeth L. Ratnam;Maneesha Perera;Saman K. Halgamuge","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3531832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3531832","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose coordinated charging and discharging of Electric Vehicles (EVs), enabled by a distributed optimization-based approach that is scalable and resilient to communication failures. The underlying optimization problem is formulated to maximize the economic benefits for grid-connected EVs, subject to transformer thermal constraints and nodal voltage constraints enforced on an unbalanced distribution grid. Our distributed coordination approach is underpinned by a consensus-based alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) that encompasses an iterative negotiation process amongst neighboring EVs. The charge-discharge profiles are computed by EVs locally (and asynchronously) using limited information exchange via peer-to-peer communications. We prove that our proposed EV coordination algorithm converges, even in the event of communication failures such as packet losses and random disconnections of EVs. Numerical simulations with the IEEE 13-node test feeder, incorporating empirical real-life data of EVs and residential loads, show that the proposed approach yields a 78% reduction in operational costs compared to uncoordinated EV charging, while also preserving network operational limits. In the presence of communication failures, the proposed approach resulted in an 8 times slower convergence speed compared to an ideal communication network.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 2","pages":"1887-1895"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Position Estimation Error Reduction Based on First-Order Complex-Coefficient Extended State Observer for IPMSM Sensorless Drives","authors":"Yonggang Li;Yashan Hu;Zhenghong Luo","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3531829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3531829","url":null,"abstract":"The back electromotive force (BEMF) observer for interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) sensorless control has been widely investigated. However, the steady-state position error of the conventional observer is positively correlated with the motor running frequency. In addition, due to the non-ideal conditions, such as inverter nonlinearity and flux spatial harmonics, the conventional LESO cannot achieve high robustness to the high-order harmonics without additional filters, which leads to harmonic position estimation error. To reduce the rotor position estimation errors, a first-order complex-coefficient extended state observer (CCF-ESO) with frequency-adaptive bandpass characteristic is proposed. Compared with the conventional LESO, the proposed CCF-ESO can eliminate the steady-state position estimation error and has a smaller harmonic position estimation error due to its better high-order harmonics immunity. The effectiveness of the proposed first-order CCF-ESO is verified by comparative experiments on a 1.2 kW IPMSM drive platform.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 2","pages":"3104-3113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shukla Karmakar;Aashish Kumar Bohre;Tushar Kanti Bera
{"title":"Recent Advancements in Cell Balancing Techniques of BMS for EVs: A Critical Review","authors":"Shukla Karmakar;Aashish Kumar Bohre;Tushar Kanti Bera","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3531822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3531822","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, a severe danger has evolved regarding the explosion of Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries due to their thermal issues. A proficient system is employed for managing the operations of the battery, which is the Battery Management System (BMS). A vital role of the BMS is Cell Balancing (CB). This work emphasized reviewing the practical and recent advancements in CB techniques of BMS for EVs. The latest developments in the design and operation of BMS implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based CB techniques are also explored and analyzed here. CB phenomenon is largely grouped as the Active Balancing (AB) and Passive Balancing (PB) methods. The different AB and PB techniques are elaborately illustrated with appropriate descriptions, circuit diagrams, model equations, and tables. The pros, cons, and practical applications of each technique are highlighted through the recent case studies. The current during the balancing gets decreased from 1.56 A–0.87 A–0.2 A by the customary PB technique, the Proportional Integral (PI)-controller, and the ANN-based BMS sequentially. As a result, the dissipated heat is reduced from 2.02 KJ–0.19 KJ–0.01 KJ, and the rise in temperature gets reduced from 2.35 °C–1.03 °C–0.1 °C. This implies that the ANN-based BMS provides economical designing, superior performance, and enhanced efficiency than the PI-based and customary PB techniques. Therefore, this latest technology can satisfactorily increase the battery lifecycle and driving range of EVs.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 2","pages":"3468-3484"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of a New Corona Ionic Wind Blower Used for Solar Panel Cleaning","authors":"Khelifa Yanallah;Amine Chelih;Yassine Bellebna;Nezha Kadous;Zeid Bendaoudi;Ayyoub Zouaghi;Amar Tilmatine;Laurent Canale","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3531827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3531827","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of solar energy as a sustainable power source remains hindered by various efficiency limitations. One of the major challenges is the accumulation of dust on photovoltaic (PV) panels, leading to the decrease of the efficiency and the need for regular cleaning. To address this issue, this work aims to explore the use of ionic wind, generated by corona discharge, as an innovative method for dust removal from PV panels. In line with this objective, this paper presents a numerical analysis of electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) air blowers with wire-to-rectangle configurations to harness the potential of ionic wind for cleaning PV panels. The study utilizes 2D models that have undergone experimental validation. The results highlight a parametric analysis, shedding light on how different geometrical parameters influence the performance of the ionic wind air blower and its energetic efficiency.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 2","pages":"3502-3511"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min Gyung Yu;Manisha Maharjan;Shiva Poudel;Monish Mukherjee;Sadie Bender;Trevor D. Hardy;Hayden M. Reeve
{"title":"Techno-Economic Analysis of Data-Driven and Transactive Approaches for Resilience Enhancement","authors":"Min Gyung Yu;Manisha Maharjan;Shiva Poudel;Monish Mukherjee;Sadie Bender;Trevor D. Hardy;Hayden M. Reeve","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3530871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3530871","url":null,"abstract":"As extreme weather events lead to more frequent power outages, understanding and enhancing grid resilience is critical to mitigating economic losses and non-energy impacts from service disruptions. This study introduces a novel techno-economic analysis framework for evaluating resilience enhancement mechanisms. The framework combines grid response modeling with a co-simulation approach and valuation methodology to provide a comprehensive assessment. We apply this framework to a realistic case study of the Texas grid during Winter Storm Uri in February 2021. Two advanced resilience strategies are analyzed: a data-driven rolling outage mechanism and a transactive energy (TE) based allocation scheme. The rolling outage scheme selectively serves customers based on real-time curtailment needs, while the TE scheme allows customers to trade energy allocations according to their preferences. Our findings show that both the rolling outage and TE schemes significantly outperform conventional methods (i.e. controlled outages) by reducing the amount of energy not supplied to customers by 41% and 64%, respectively. These approaches also enhance flexibility and customer satisfaction, while improving energy utilization for greater resilience. Additionally, they maintain thermal comfort about 3.5 times better and substantially lower customer risk exposure. A key contribution of this study is addressing both utility and customer perspectives while considering both energy and non-energy impacts. The techno-economic analysis indicates that implementing these resilience enhancement strategies would incur an additional $1.1B to $1.6B in utility costs but has the potential to avoid $17.3B to $18B of customer losses as compared to existing solutions, thereby underscoring the value of investing in advanced resilience, as it provides significant societal benefits to customers.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 2","pages":"2478-2489"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning Approach for Optimal Sizing and Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Storage Systems Under Spatio-Temporal Urban Rail Traffic","authors":"Guannan Li;Siu Wing Or","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3531327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3531327","url":null,"abstract":"Passenger flow fluctuation and delay-induced traffic regulation bring considerable challenges to cost-efficient regenerative braking energy utilization of hybrid electric storage systems (HESSs) in urban rail traction networks. This paper proposes a synergistic HESS sizing and energy management optimization framework based on multi-task reinforcement learning (MTRL) for enhancing the economic operation of HESSs under dynamic spatio-temporal urban rail traffic. The configuration-specific HESS control problem under various spatio-temporal traction load distributions is formulated as a multi-task Markov decision process (MTMDP), and an iterative sizing optimization approach considering daily service patterns is devised to minimize the HESS life cycle cost (LCC). Then, a dynamic traffic model composed of a Copula-based passenger flow generation method and a real-time timetable rescheduling algorithm incorporating a traction energy-passenger-time sensitivity matrix is developed to characterize multi-train traction load uncertainty. Furthermore, an MTRL algorithm based on a dueling double deep <inline-formula><tex-math>$Q$</tex-math></inline-formula> network with knowledge transfer is proposed to simultaneously learn a generalized control policy from annealing task-specific agents and operation environments for solving the MTMDP effectively. Comparative studies based on a real-world subway have validated the effectiveness of the proposed framework for LCC reduction of HESS operation under urban rail traffic.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 2","pages":"1876-1886"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimation of Participation Factors for Power System Oscillation From Measurements","authors":"Tianwei Xia;Zhe Yu;Kai Sun;Di Shi;Kaiyang Huang","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3530869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3530869","url":null,"abstract":"In a power system, when the participation factors of generators are computed to rank their participations into an oscillatory mode, a model-based approach is conventionally used on the linearized system model by means of the corresponding right and left eigenvectors. This paper proposes a new approach for estimating participation factors directly from measurement data on generator responses under selected disturbances. The approach computes extended participation factors that coincide with accurate model-based participation factors when the measured responses satisfy an ideally symmetric condition. This paper relaxes this symmetric condition with the original measurement space by identifying and utilizing a coordinate transformation to a new space optimally recovering the symmetry. Thus, the optimal estimates of participation factors solely from measurements are achieved, and the accuracy and influencing factors are discussed. The proposed approach is first demonstrated in detail on a two-area system and then tested on an NPCC 48-machine power system. The penetration of inverter-based resources is also considered.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 2","pages":"2467-2477"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}