{"title":"Smith Predictor Based Fractional LFC Strategy for Storage Supported Thermal Power System Amid Communication Dead Time and Cyber Threats","authors":"Deepak Kumar;G. Lloyds Raja;Mohamed Alkhatib;Akash Kumar Deep;Utkal Ranjan Muduli","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3549020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3549020","url":null,"abstract":"Communication dead time (CDT) amid integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) into modern power system networks can result in instabilities, phase lags and sluggish corrective action when dealing with frequency and tie-line power deviations. To compensate CDT, a Smith predictor based Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative with Integrator (FPIDI) controller is analytically designed for a dual-area thermal power system (TPS) with integrated RES, battery ESS, flywheel ESS and Ultra-capacitors. The FPIDI controller is designed using a modified internal model control (IMC) theory that is based on the frequency-relocated fractional-order model of the TPS. This modified IMC method eliminates the need of phase-lag inducing IMC filter. The performance-robustness tradeoff is enhanced by appropriate selection of the single tuning parameter (frequency-relocation factor (<inline-formula><tex-math>$psi$</tex-math></inline-formula>)) by minimizing the integral of time-weighted absolute value of area control errors. The proposed controller is validated both by simulation and hardware-in-loop implementation to show its practical feasibility.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 3","pages":"4515-4529"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10916978","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prince Kumar;Kunal Kumar;Aashish Kumar Bohre;Nabanita Adhikary
{"title":"Estimating Wind Turbine's Pitch Angle for Smart Control in Hybrid Energy Network Under Random Loading Conditions","authors":"Prince Kumar;Kunal Kumar;Aashish Kumar Bohre;Nabanita Adhikary","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3549004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3549004","url":null,"abstract":"Amidst the ever-increasing global demand for energy, there has been a crucial shift towards incorporating green energy sources into conventional power grids, amplifying the complexity of these systems. This study delves into the intricate challenges of generation control within hybrid power networks, emphasizing wind farms as key contributors to green energy. In the dynamic environment of a wind farm-integrated hybrid power network with random loading patterns, the research introduces an innovative control strategy. This involves the precise estimation of optimal pitch angles and the fine-tuning of a fractional-order controller. This is executed using the firefly optimization (FFO) method to enhance overall generation control performance, fostering a more sustainable power infrastructure. The power generated by a wind turbine is intricately linked to the pitch angle of its blades. This angle plays a critical role in determining the aerodynamic forces acting on the blades and, consequently, the turbine's overall efficiency. The proposed approach is simulated using the MATLAB/SIMULINK tool.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 4","pages":"5839-5852"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solid State Lighting Systems for Horticulture: Impact of LED Degradation on Light Spectrum and Intensity","authors":"Nicola Trivellin;Matteo Buffolo;Alessandro Caria;Carlo De Santi;Giulia Pierobon;Riccardo Fraccaroli;Gaudenzio Meneghesso;Enrico Zanoni;Matteo Meneghini","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3548952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3548952","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the degradation analysis of high-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for horticulture lighting applications. The study is based on the experimental characterization of state-of-the-art monochromatic commercial off-the-shelf LEDs from the same product-line and the same manufacturer. In this work we report the degradation kinetic of red (660 nm) and blue (450 nm) LEDs subjected to accelerated stress for a duration of more than 10’000 hours at three ambient temperatures. We describe how different electrical and optical degradation mechanisms take place with independent timing constant for the two group of LEDs. While red LEDs show a gradual degradation, blue LEDs are initially stable, but later suffer a sharp decrease of optical power due to silicone failure. The results of the degradation experiments are then used to analyze the spectral and intensity variation of red/blue horticulture lamps during their operating life. Finally the spectral and intensity variation of the lamps is compared with results reported in the literature for similar horticulture lighting, in particular the variation of the growth of strawberry and sweet basil is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 4","pages":"6072-6079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Framework Using Markov Chain for a Resilient Smart Grid","authors":"Mayank Arora;Gururaj Mirle Vishwanath;Ankush Sharma;Naveen Chilamkurti","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3549002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3549002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a resilience-driven framework leveraging advanced control technologies, particularly a Markov chain approach, to enhance the robustness of peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading networks under Low Probability High Impact Events (LPHIE) such as climate change, cyberattacks, and natural disasters. The proposed framework addresses critical challenges in maintaining energy system stability by integrating renewable energy sources, optimizing energy exchange, and quantifying system resilience through novel metrics. A key contribution lies in the development of a multi-layered strategy that incorporates fuzzy logic for dynamic fault mitigation and a three-tier energy management system combining solar PV, battery storage, and electric vehicles. Additionally, the framework utilizes blockchain technology to ensure transparency, security, and fairness in energy trading, while promoting inclusivity and equity among diverse prosumer groups. By advancing the state-of-the-art in resilience modeling, this study provides a robust foundation for sustainable energy management in decentralized systems, offering practical insights into mitigating the impacts of LPHIE and advancing the democratization of energy resources.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 3","pages":"4499-4514"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Double-Phase Open-Circuit Fault Tolerant Control Method for Five-Phase PMSM With Zero Sequence Voltage Compensation","authors":"Huanran Wang;Chunyang Gu;Zhuo Chen;Giampaolo Buticchi;Han Zhao;Shuo Wang;He Zhang;Xiaoyan Huang","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3549018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3549018","url":null,"abstract":"Five-phase machines have gained increasing attention due to their fault-tolerant characteristics. This paper proposes a fault-tolerant control method in a five-phase surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) for an adjacent and non-adjacent double-phase open-circuit fault. The proposed method not only considers the current reconfiguration for double-phase open-circuit fault, but also thoroughly analyzes the variation of neutral point voltage and proposes voltage reconfiguration method. Based on the derived remaining phase currents, the derating factors under double-phase open-circuit faults are calculated. The torque fluctuation in the proposed fault tolerant method is nearly identical to that observed during the healthy stage. Additionally, after using the voltage reconfiguration and optimal PR controller configuration, the phase current distortion and computational time are reduced.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 4","pages":"6434-6443"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongbo Qiu;Chunwei Yuan;Zhenxiang Lian;Si Chen;Yiming Wang;Cunxiang Yang
{"title":"Influence of Rotor Eccentricity on Electromagnetic Vibration in Toroidal-Wound High-Speed Permanent Magnet Generators","authors":"Hongbo Qiu;Chunwei Yuan;Zhenxiang Lian;Si Chen;Yiming Wang;Cunxiang Yang","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3549024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3549024","url":null,"abstract":"Rotor eccentricity faults can cause uneven air gaps in the generator, reducing power quality and increasing vibration noise, eventually leading to abnormal operation. Especially in high-speed machines, eccentric faults are more common. This paper studies the effect of static and dynamic eccentricity faults on the electromagnetic vibration of a toroidal-wound high-speed permanent magnet generator (HSPMG). Firstly, an eccentricity mathematical model is established, and the electromagnetic characteristics under different static and dynamic eccentricities are analyzed using the numerical calculation method. The spatial and temporal distribution of the air gap magnetic field under the fault is obtained, revealing the change mechanism of the magnetic field asymmetry after the eccentricity fault. Secondly, based on Fourier time-harmonic analysis, the characteristic parameters of the electromagnetic force wave under different eccentricity rates are studied, and the characteristic parameters of the introduced electromagnetic force wave components under the eccentricity fault are obtained. Finally, the vibration acceleration of the generator stator is obtained by multi-physics field coupling and harmonic response analysis, and the vibration characteristics of the stator under static and dynamic eccentricity faults are determined. The experiment is carried out to verify the analysis.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 4","pages":"6317-6326"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanlei Yu;Shuangchun Xie;Feng Chai;Yulong Pei;Xi Zhang;Christopher H. T. Lee
{"title":"Analysis and Suppression of Core and PM Losses in Fractional-Slot Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine and PMSM for in-Wheel Application","authors":"Yanlei Yu;Shuangchun Xie;Feng Chai;Yulong Pei;Xi Zhang;Christopher H. T. Lee","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3548602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3548602","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the comparative study of core loss and permanent magnet (PM) loss in fractional-slot permanent magnet vernier machines (PMVMs) and permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) for in-wheel drive are investigated. Firstly, the definitions of “Family” and “Group” for armature magnomotive force harmonics in fractional-slot PM machines are proposed, and the relationship between PMVM and PMSM is illustrated, where the generalized PMSM concept is proposed. Secondly, the core and and PM losses are calculated and compared by the theoretical and finite-element analysis (FEA) methods. The contribution of each harmonic on the core and PM losses is extracted, where the sub-harmonic and slot-harmonic that not contributed to the torque are mostly responsible for core and PM losses. Thirdly, the influence of stator slot opening, flux barriers, and PWM control on the core loss, PM loss, and torque are all investigated. The losses of PMVM and PMSM under various conditions is calculated and exhibited, and the PM loss is much severer in PMVM. Finally, two prototypes of PMVM and PMSM are manufactured and tested, and the total losses and efficiencies are measured, where the experiments agree well with the FEA and theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 4","pages":"6305-6316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Data Center Job Scheduling and Energy Management Under Uncertain Environments","authors":"Zhaohao Ding;Shijie Chen;Yimeng Sun;Kun Shi;Jiaying Wang;Songsong Chen;Tao Xiao;Yehan Wang;Xuan Wei","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3548576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3548576","url":null,"abstract":"Data centers have become crucial infrastructure in the digital age, leading to a significant increase in energy consumption. Job scheduling stands out as an effective method to regulate the data center energy consumption by delaying job execution within resource availability and quality of service constraints. However, aleatoric uncertainties associated with incoming job information and real-time electricity market prices, and epistemic uncertainties inherent in the learning environment jointly present unique challenges for efficient job scheduling schemes. To tackle multiple types of uncertainties, we propose an efficient risk-aware job scheduling method for data centers in uncertain environments. Firstly, we formulate the data center job scheduling problem within a Markov framework incorporating job heterogeneity. To capture epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties, the policy function is reconstructed by integrating state-action value distributions with efficient exploration based on enhanced distributional reinforcement learning. Furthermore, to account for the risk preferences in data center decision-making, we include consideration of Conditional Value at Risk in the model. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can rapidly adapt to uncertain environments and help data centers make risk-aware job scheduling decisions.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 4","pages":"5489-5500"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancement of Electromagnetic Supporting Force in Aerodynamic Bearing-Equipped SPMSMs","authors":"Rui-Zhen Cui;Dan Shi;Kai Luo;Ji-Dong Li;Sayyed Haleem Shah;Jian-Xin Shen","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3548592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3548592","url":null,"abstract":"A high speed surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) equipped with aerodynamic bearings is studied in this paper. Controllable electromagnetic supporting force (EMSF) is produced by the motor armature windings, while electromagnetic torque being simultaneously generated, in order to dilute dry friction in the air bearings before reaching the lift-off speed of the bearings. In this paper, a new method to increase the EMSF density and reduce the EMSF ripples is proposed. Firstly, generation principles of the EMSF and its ripples are introduced. Then, by analyzing the difference between the conventional electromagnetic torque design and the EMSF design, a new method is proposed, increasing the equivalent air gap magnetic permeability to enhance the EMSF density. Then, according to the analysis results of the air gap field spatial harmonic components affecting the EMSF ripples, shaping of the permanent magnets (PMs) and rotor core is conducted. This shaping method is founded on the analytical approach interpreting the influence of rotor parameters on the spatial magnetic field distribution. Utilizing the design method proposed in this paper, an SPMSM system capable of generating controllable EMSF is developed. Finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental study are carried out to demonstrate the improvement in EMSF density and the reduction in EMSF ripples, thereby proving the feasibility of the design method proposed.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 4","pages":"6293-6304"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Volpini;Salvatore R. Di Salvo;Giulia Tresca;Riccardo Leuzzi;Pericle Zanchetta
{"title":"A Unified Modulated Model Predictive Control for a Two-Stage AC--DC Converter Interfacing a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery","authors":"Andrea Volpini;Salvatore R. Di Salvo;Giulia Tresca;Riccardo Leuzzi;Pericle Zanchetta","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3548583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3548583","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing integration of renewable energy sources into electrical grids, energy storage systems have become crucial for stability and regulation. Thus, dedicated two-stage AC-DC converters are essential for integrating batteries into the grid infrastructure. These converters typically employ either single-phase or three-phase inverters paired with a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) in a back-to-back configuration, ensuring high efficiency and galvanic isolation. The conventional control scheme for such converters involves two separate PI-based control loops, one for each stage. This paper proposes a novel control strategy based on a Modulated Model Predictive Control (MMPC) algorithm for a two-stage AC-DC converter. The proposed approach utilizes a single cost-function optimization routine to simultaneously control both the grid-side and the battery-side stages, simplifying the control architecture and enhancing performance. Finally, the proposed MMPC is implemented on a DSP and FPGA-based board and the experimental results show that the proposed solution achieves faster dynamics than conventional control with no overshoots or undershoots.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 4","pages":"6556-6566"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}