IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications最新文献

{"title":"Advancements and Deployment of Solar Thermal Technologies in Indian Climatic Conditions: A Concise Review","authors":"Dashrath Nishad;Ankit Srivastava;Rinki Maurya;Surya Prakash;Ashutosh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3655647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3655647","url":null,"abstract":"Solar thermal technologies are gaining attention as dependable options for high-temperature heat and renewable power generation. This paper reviews the key developments and deployment status of solar thermal and concentrating solar power (CSP) systems under Indian climatic conditions. Recent improvements in absorber coatings, mirror materials, and heat-transfer fluids have increased optical efficiency and system durability, even in dusty and humid environments. The study also examines the role of thermal energy storage (TES), showing that six-to-ten-hour storage can raise plant capacity factors by nearly 25–40% compared with systems without storage. Field data from Indian pilot plants are analyzed to identify common challenges such as mirror soiling, corrosion, and high water consumption. In addition, existing policy gaps are discussed, including limited support for TES and hybridized plants. The paper suggests strategies to better align CSP with India’s renewable energy roadmap. Overall, continued innovation in materials, thermal storage, and operation-and-maintenance practices is essential to make solar thermal technologies a viable contributor to India’s clean-energy and industrial-heat sectors.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"7612-7623"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordinating Multiple Local Energy Communities for Enhanced Grid Flexibility Under Uncertainty From Day-Ahead Scheduling to Real-Time Dispatch","authors":"An Thien Huu Nguyen;Truong Hoang Bao Huy;Trung Thai Tran;A.A. Van der Pijl;Minh-Duc Ngo;J.G. Slootweg;Phuong Hong Nguyen","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3677326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3677326","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a coordination mechanism for multiple local energy communities (M-LECs) to provide flexibility services while addressing the challenges arising from the mismatch between day-ahead scheduling and real-time dispatch. The proposed framework integrates a multi-objective stochastic optimization with multivariate copulas model to counter uncertainty scenarios. The study demonstrates that coordinated M-LECs significantly enhance flexibility activation compared to individual LEC operations, maximizing economic benefits and improving grid balancing. Simulation results highlight the advantages of strategic battery energy storage system management as a buffer for flexibility dispatch, ensuring contractual reliability while reducing operational costs. The findings emphasize the importance of coordinated flexibility scheduling for active distribution network resilience and the integration of distributed flexibility resources.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"8181-8195"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Axial-Radial Flux PM Machine With Inter-Embedded Stator and C-Type Winding","authors":"Pengjie Xiang;Liang Yan;Xinwei Wang;Wei Hua;Xinghua He;Xiaoshuai Liu;Chunhua Xiao;Cungang Hu;Xiandong Yang;Wenxuan Zhan","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3661964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3661964","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of axial-radial flux PM machines is a promising candidate for torque density enhancement, especially for the aircraft electric-propulsion application with compact space in axial direction. However, the specific sizing equation of the 3D-flux machines is not available, and it is very significant for the machine design and the reveal of the structural parameter effects on its electromagnetic performance. Besides, toroidal windings, generally exiting in conventional axial-radial flux machine, may result in long wasted end-winding and additional eddy loss of supporting structure. Therefore, in this article, a three-rotor PM machine with inter-embedded stator and C-type windings is proposed to further enlarge effective axial-radial air-gap areas used for energy conversion (torque generation) and to shorten winding coil. In addition, its structural parameter effect is mathematically derived and illustrated by a proposed 3D-flux sizing equation considering the conventionally ignored inner winding-ending effect. Firstly, the schematic structure and the working principle of the three-rotor machine are presented. Then, the 3D-flux sizing equation of the three-rotor PM machine, considering the inner end-winding accommodation, is established to illustrate its structural-parameter effects under different power rating, rotary speed and pole numbers etc. Secondly, an improved inter-embedded stator is presented, and its major parameters are designed. Subsequently, the electromagnetic performance of the three-rotor machine with inter-embedded stator and C-type winding in terms of magnetic field, back-electromotive force, torque profile is explored. And then, one conventional radial-flux PM machine with the same design constrains is modeled for torque density comparison. The results show that the torque density is improved by 30.73% through employing the three-rotor machine. Finally, one prototype is developed, and experiments are conducted to validate the three-rotor design concept.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"7153-7163"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Analysis of Hydrogen-Based Backup Systems for Sustainable Internet Data Centers","authors":"Jinhui Liu;Haoyu Dai;Zhanbo Xu;Jiang Wu;Xiaohong Guan","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3654510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3654510","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen-based backup systems (HBSs) are a promising alternative to diesel generators (DGs) in Internet data centers (IDCs) because of their high efficiency, fast response, and near-zero on-site emissions. However, their performance in terms of reliability, cost, and carbon emissions is not yet fully understood. This paper proposes an HBS for IDCs, where medium-temperature fuel cells (MTFCs) produce electricity and waste heat, and absorption chillers (ACs) use this heat to provide cooling. A unified model is developed to describe the links between hydrogen-based energy supply, computing workloads, and indoor temperature control. To evaluate both planning and operation performance, a Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation (SMCS) method is used, with Gaussian copula–based scenario generation and Sobol sequences to improve sampling efficiency. A case study of a pilot IDC in Yulin, China, shows that at a hydrogen price of $1/kg, the HBS can reach an average reliability of service of 99.999%, cut yearly operating costs by $3,750, and lower carbon emissions by 23,333 kg per rack compared with DG-based systems. These results show that HBSs can deliver high-reliability and low-carbon backup power for sustainable data center operation.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"8479-8492"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field-Oriented Sensorless Sliding Mode Current Control of Single-Stage PV-Grid Interactive Induction Motor Drive for Water Pumping","authors":"Nazmul Islam Nahin;Shuvra Prokash Biswas;Sudipto Mondal;Md. Rabiul Islam;Kashem M. Muttaqi;Sharmin Shila","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3696235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3696235","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional proportional-integral (PI) controllers used in field-oriented control (FOC) suffer from poor dynamic response, parameter sensitivity, and inadequate performance during solar irradiance variations. To overcome these challenges, this paper presents a unified control framework for a single-stage photovoltaic (PV) grid-interactive induction motor drive (IMD) intended for water pumping applications. Unlike conventional two-stage architectures that employ separate DC–DC converters, the proposed system integrates maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and motor control within a single three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter operating under inherently variable DC-link voltage conditions. To achieve robust performance, a tanh-based sliding mode current controller is combined with a recurrent neural network (RNN)–based back-EMF model reference adaptive system (MRAS) for sensorless speed estimation. The proposed control strategy mitigates chattering, enhances disturbance rejection, and maintains stable operation under irradiance fluctuations and motor parameter variations. A second-order generalized integrator enables seamless grid synchronization and bidirectional power flow without requiring an intermediate dc–dc stage. Comprehensive simulation studies validate robust performance during irradiance transitions. Full-scale experimental validation confirms excellent power quality characteristics with grid current total harmonic distortion (THD) of 2.39% under grid-only operation and 1.98% under PV-only operation, while stator current THD remains below 3.97%.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"8333-8348"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiphysics-Embedded Co-Optimization of Data Centers and Energy Storage Systems","authors":"Yi Chen;Wenting Wang;Li Pan;Jie Song;Yuejun Yan;Qiteng Hong;Campbell Booth;Zhaoyang Wang;Jianxiao Wang","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3676947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3676947","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an aging-aware joint optimization framework for data center–grid–energy storage systems that dynamically balances operational economy with battery lifetime preservation. Unlike traditional open-loop degradation models, the proposed method embeds the complex P2D battery degradation model into the optimization loop. A simplified surrogate model is established within the system-level scheduling, and the P2D model is used to collect input parameters for more accurate aging simulations. The updated aging parameters are then fed back into the surrogate model, enabling real-time correction and updating. The optimization problem incorporates thermal unit generation and ramping costs, state-of-charge and depth-of-discharge constraints for battery energy storage systems (BESS), and power flow limits, producing scheduling strategies that adapt to both macro-level grid conditions and micro-level degradation mechanisms. The proposed framework is validated on the IEEE 30-bus system with co-located data center nodes, and four cases are compared to examine the impacts of aging cost modeling and dynamic electrochemical feedback. Results show that enabling storage reduces total operating cost by up to 5.21% compared with the baseline, while incorporating aging cost suppresses deep cycling and mitigates battery wear. The dynamic feedback strategy further reduces daily aging cost by 16.7% relative to the static model and extends projected battery lifetime by about 17%, demonstrating its long-term cost-effectiveness. Overall, the proposed study establishes a scalable multiphysics-embedded optimization framework that couples system-level dispatch with real-time electrochemical degradation feedback, providing a practical pathway for lifecycle-oriented operation in future power systems with high data center penetration.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"8414-8426"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Damping Control Strategies in GFM Converters: Insights for Wideband Oscillation Mitigation","authors":"Rui Kong;Subham Sahoo;Yubo Song;Frede Blaabjerg","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3654505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3654505","url":null,"abstract":"Grid-forming (GFM) converters with cascaded control loops might induce small-signal instability issues over a wide frequency range, and existing damping control strategies are usually designed and verified for oscillations in specific frequency bands, exhibiting limited integrity in wideband small-signal stability assessments. In this paper, detailed control structures are considered for small-signal modeling to reveal potential wideband oscillation modes in the GFM converter systems. Then, systematic evaluation and comparison of various damping control methods are carried out regarding their positive impacts and side effects on different oscillation modes, thereby providing an integrated solution capable of mitigating instabilities over a wide frequency range. The theoretical analysis results are verified by simulations and experimental tests.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"7339-7355"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edge-Enabled High-Resolution State Estimation for Distribution Networks Based on Micro-PMU Data","authors":"Zhiqi Xu;Wei Jiang;Junbo Zhao","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3660799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3660799","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing penetration of renewable energy into distribution networks necessitates high-resolution, real-time monitoring of system states. However, the low sampling frequency of conventional smart meters and the heavy computational workload of centralized estimation frameworks hinder the deployment of high-frequency state estimation. This paper proposes an edge-enabled framework that leverages micro-phasor measurement unit (micro-PMU) data to achieve high-resolution state estimation in distribution networks. The framework adopts a zonal architecture in which each edge node locally processes micro-PMU and smart meter data, reducing the computational workload of the control center and ensuring real-time performance. In each zone, an edge node detects and localizes abrupt changes in power consumption and performs iterative estimation with optimal initialization when an abrupt change is detected, whereas it executes a non-iterative linearized tracking method during steady periods to minimize computational workload. Validation on large-scale unbalanced three-phase distribution systems demonstrates that the proposed framework achieves high estimation accuracy and significantly reduces computation time compared with conventional decentralized state estimation methods.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"8053-8067"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Chiral Modular Stator Design for Ultra-Low Cogging Torque in Permanent Magnet Machines","authors":"Yongtao Liang;Zaixin Song;Kaikai Guo;Yuan Gao;Hang Zhao","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3675065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3675065","url":null,"abstract":"In high-precision applications, maintaining superior torque stability at zero or near-zero speeds is crucial. However, cogging torque poses a significant challenge to permanent magnet machine (PMM) drive systems in such conditions. With a clear goal of extremely low cogging torque, this paper introduces a chiral modular stator (CMS) design for PMMs, featuring a mirror-symmetrical configuration analogous to chiral handedness. The CMS design induces phase-shifted slot reluctance variations, which help reduce cogging torque. By varying the CMS arrangement in either the circumferential or axial direction, flexible topology branches are obtained. Comparative studies show that the optimal topology achieves a cogging torque of only 21.7 mNm, which accounts for approximately 0.1% of the rated torque and demonstrates effective suppression. The modular design concurrently streamlines manufacturing processes and provides cost-effective and scalable manufacturing while maintaining a torque density of 23.4 Nm/L. Analytical analysis, simulation, and experimental verification confirm the CMS PMM’s advantages, establishing it as a promising solution for precision PMM drive systems.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"7235-7246"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grid Frequency Stability Support Potential of Data Center: A Quantitative Assessment of Flexibility","authors":"Pengyu Ren;Wei Sun;Yifan Wang;Gareth Harrison","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3654496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3654496","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid expansion of data center infrastructure is reshaping power system dynamics by significantly increasing electricity demand while also offering potential for fast and controllable flexibility. To ensure reliable operation under such conditions, the frequency-secured unit commitment (Safe UC) problem must be solved with enhanced modeling of demand-side frequency response. In this work, we propose a data-driven linearization framework based on decision tree–based constraint learning (DT-CL) to embed nonlinear nadir frequency constraints into mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). This approach enables tractable co-optimization of generation schedules and fast frequency response (FFR) from data centers. Through case studies on both a benchmark system and a 2030 future scenario with higher DC penetration, we demonstrate that increasing the proportion of flexible DC load consistently improves system cost efficiency and supports renewable integration. However, this benefit exhibits diminishing marginal returns, motivating the introduction of the Marginal Flexibility Value (MFV) metric to quantify the economic value of additional flexibility. The results highlight that as DCs become a larger share of system load, their active participation in frequency response will be increasingly indispensable for maintaining both economic and secure system operations.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"8366-8375"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}