{"title":"High Efficiency Control of AC-DC Matrix Based Buck Converters: DCM Modulation","authors":"Dmytro Rodkin;Massimiliano Passalacqua;Andrea Formentini;Luis Vaccaro;Mario Marchesoni","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3656138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3656138","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) modulation technique aimed at improving the efficiency of an AC–DC matrix-based buck converters. A dedicated modulation scheme is proposed to ensure converter operation in DCM without input current distortion. A method for output inductance estimation is presented. The performance of the proposed method is experimentally evaluated and compared with conventional continuous conduction mode (CCM) operation in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD), and losses. It is shown that, in the low-current operating region, the DCM approach significantly reduces both input/output current THD and losses. In addition, system behavior under output voltage control is demonstrated. This article is an extension of the conference paper [Rodkin et al. 2024].","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"7437-7446"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zuqing Zheng;Zhao Yang Dong;Guo Chen;Yuechuan Tao;Shuying Lai;Zuliang Huang;Tong Li
{"title":"Robust Energy Management and Workload Allocation in Islanded Data Center Microgrids With Data-Driven Risk-Tunable Approach","authors":"Zuqing Zheng;Zhao Yang Dong;Guo Chen;Yuechuan Tao;Shuying Lai;Zuliang Huang;Tong Li","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3679644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3679644","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of cloud computing, Big Data, and artificial intelligence has driven a surge in data center energy demand, while traditional power grids struggle to meet their high reliability and low-carbon requirements. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a co-optimization framework for islanded data center microgrids and develops a two-stage robust optimization model. The model leverages a coordinated control layer to centralize decision-making for the energy supply and computing resource layers, enabling joint optimization of energy management and workload allocation while minimizing total costs. For computing resources optimization, a cross-regional communication network is established to facilitate coordinated workload spatial allocation among geographically distributed data centers, enhancing server resource utilization and optimizing energy consumption. A quality of service constraint mechanism using dynamic voltage and frequency scaling technology is developed, alongside an average response time analysis based on queuing theory. To address uncertainties in wind power generation, load demand, and outdoor temperature, a data-driven risk-tunable modeling approach is proposed. The method constructs distributionally robust chance-constrained programming using Wasserstein distance, transforms it into a risk-bound optimization problem, and designs a polyhedral uncertainty set that adaptively adjusts to risk levels and sample sizes. Finally, case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in improving data center resource utilization, reducing energy consumption, and optimizing robustness adjustment capabilities.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"8452-8464"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3714183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3714183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11701699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Get Published in the New IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3723278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3723278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"8703-8704"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11701696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unlocking the Operational Flexibility of UPS Systems: A Two-Stage Bidding Strategy for Data Centers in Joint Energy and Reserve Markets","authors":"Xinru Guan;Yan Sun;Pei Song;Mingjie Yang;Jianyong Gao;Qiong Wang;Xuan Wei;Zhaohao Ding","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3660785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3660785","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence and cloud computing, data centers have become critical infrastructure and are facing persistently rising energy consumption and cost pressure. On the IT side, workload latency tolerance can be exploited through workload execution optimization to reduce costs. On the auxiliary equipment (non-IT) side, uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems are typically overprovisioned for peak demand and consequently remain underutilized during normal operation. To leverage flexibility from both sides, this paper proposes a two-stage bidding strategy for data centers in joint energy and reserve markets. To capture uncertainties in renewable energy output and workload arrivals in bidding and scheduling, we formulate a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming model and solve it via the sample average approximation method. This approach is designed to unlock the operational flexibility of UPS and further balance data center operation reliability with economic efficiency. Numerical experiments verify the proposed method's effectiveness in improving UPS availability and significantly saving energy costs.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"7878-7889"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kien Nguyen;Evan Franklin;Michael Negnevitsky;Alan Henderson;Waqas Hassan;Pooyan Alinaghi Hosseinabadi
{"title":"Frequency Control in Hydro Power Systems with High Penetration of Inverter-Based Resources","authors":"Kien Nguyen;Evan Franklin;Michael Negnevitsky;Alan Henderson;Waqas Hassan;Pooyan Alinaghi Hosseinabadi","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3656144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3656144","url":null,"abstract":"In power systems with high penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs), maintaining stable frequency has become increasingly challenging. This paper investigates the performance of hydropower, with a focus on variable-speed (VS) pumped storage, as the primary source of frequency control in high IBR penetration systems. Dynamic models, incorporating a Francis turbine, penstock, synchronous machine, converter, and relevant standard control systems, are developed to represent multiple traditional fixed-speed (FS) units and VS units in a power system study. Their performance is assessed in a system resembling the Tasmanian power system, which relies on wind power and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission, with local hydro generation regulating system frequency. Case studies involving large active power shortages demonstrate that VS units can provide controlled and sustained release of kinetic energy, highlighting the benefits of VS pumped storage technology in providing primary frequency response. This study demonstrates that the effectiveness of VS units in primary frequency control is closely tied to the system’s available inertia, thereby necessitating the coordination of VS frequency response with system inertia levels.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"8030-8040"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Manuel Guerrero;José E. Ruiz-Sarrió;Kumar Mahtani;Juan de la Morena-Marigorta;Carlos A. Platero
{"title":"Influence of Moisture on Fault Diagnosis for Rotor Poles of Large Synchronous Machines Using Frequency Response Analysis","authors":"José Manuel Guerrero;José E. Ruiz-Sarrió;Kumar Mahtani;Juan de la Morena-Marigorta;Carlos A. Platero","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3657708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3657708","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) is a well-established technique for the condition monitoring of power transformers. The use of FRA for rotating electrical machines is nowadays a prominent research area. In previous works, the use of FRA for synchronous machine field winding diagnostics has been studied, but some key factors remain uncertain in this application. The moisture content is one of the uncertainty factors that could be envisaged as potentially influential. Therefore, the influence of moisture content on the FRA response of poles of synchronous machines is addressed in this paper. For this purpose, numerous experimental tests have been carried out on an extracted pole of a 40-MVA hydro-generator, with different moisture contents, considering healthy state, ground faults, and interturn faults. The main contribution of this work is to prove that, in contrast to what occurs in ordinary insulation testing, the moisture content does not have a significant influence on the FRA response of the pole, discarding this method for moisture diagnostics. However, this fact makes FRA very interesting for in-situ inspection, as it is independent of the moisture content. This way, it is not required to dry the machine before testing.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"7133-7142"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cooperative and Two-Stage Robust Operation of Multiple Data-Center Microgrids Considering the Interaction of Carbon Allowance","authors":"Jidong Wang;Jianxin Liu;Qiuming Xu;Jiehui Zheng;Qing-Hua Wu","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3689463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3689463","url":null,"abstract":"This paper establishes a distributed and two-stage robust optimization model for multi data-center microgrids from a power systems scheduling perspective, considering the interaction of pending data loads and carbon allowance. Firstly, in the day-ahead scheduling model, the interaction of pending data load and carbon allowance between different data-center microgrids are considered, and a carbon allowance interaction model considering the nonlinear electric-carbon characteristics of controllable distributed generation is constructed. Segmented linearization was used to transform the nonlinear carbon emission constraints of carbon allowance interaction into linear inequality constraints. Secondly, in the intra-day scheduling model, an improved ellipsoid set with adjustable robust factors is proposed to describe the uncertainty of prediction errors of renewable distributed generations and the correlation between prediction errors of different types of renewable distributed generation. By adjusting the robust factors, the ellipsoid set can be scaled to balance the robustness and economy of the two-stage robust optimization results. Finally, to ensure privacy security, the alternating direction method of multiplier is adopted to achieve distributed and parallel optimization of multi data-center microgrids. Based on asymmetric Nash bargaining, the comprehensive contribution is calculated according to the amount of interacting data load and carbon allowance of each data-center microgrid, thereby achieving fair and reasonable distribution of cooperation benefits. Simulation verified the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed model.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"8465-8478"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prediction and Estimation of Maximum Power of a PV String Under Partial Shading Conditions","authors":"Durgesh Chandra Nautiyal;Shivam Tripathi;Himanshu Sekhar Sahu","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3661377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3661377","url":null,"abstract":"Under partial shading conditions (PSCs), aphotovoltaic (PV) string’s power-voltage (<inline-formula><tex-math>$P-V$</tex-math></inline-formula>) curve shows multiple peaks, making global maximum power point (GMPP) estimation challenging. This article proposes a new approximate voltage expression to predict all the maximum power points (MPPs) in the <inline-formula><tex-math>$P-V$</tex-math></inline-formula> curve of a partially shaded PV string. The ratio of short circuit currents is used as a scaling factor to determine the operating voltage of each PV module and approximate the voltage at MPP. Then voltage boundaries around the predicted GMPP are defined, and finally, a new foci of ellipse (FoE) based estimation method is proposed to estimate the GMPP of PV string. The mathematical expressions of the ellipse are utilized to update the foci until the GMPP is achieved. A comparison with existing MPP estimation techniques indicates that the proposed method has the highest accuracy with less computational time. Further, the proposed method is evaluated under 5829 PSCs, showing high effectiveness with a minimal mean bias error in GMPP (<inline-formula><tex-math>$sim 10^{-5}$</tex-math></inline-formula>). Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is validated in an experimental setup using PV modules and rheostat. This method is useful for PV plant design and training machine learning algorithms for MPP tracking applications.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"7701-7714"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Model-Predictive Control of Open-End Winding Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drives","authors":"Filippo Gemma;Jacopo Riccio;Luca Rovere;Giulia Tresca;Andrea Volpini;Pericle Zanchetta","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3661947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2026.3661947","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an advanced control strategy for a Synchronous Reluctance Machine (SyRel) in an Open-End Winding (OEW) configuration. The goal is to enhance performance and control flexibility in dual-inverter systems, which present strong multivariable interactions and nonlinear dynamics. To address these challenges, a Finite-Control-Set Model-Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) method is proposed, as it can directly handle multiple control objectives and system constraints within a unified framework. A single cost function is used to regulate motor torque, the auxiliary converter Floating Capacitor (FC) voltage, and the power factor at the main side. This enables coordinated control of both converters without cascaded loops. The predictive controller uses an experimentally identified magnetic model of the SyRel machine, which accounts for magnetic nonlinearities, improving prediction accuracy under dynamic response. Experimental validation confirms the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The system shows fast dynamic response, robust regulation of control objectives, and consistent unity power factor at the main converter. A comparison with conventional PI-based control highlights the advantages of the proposed method in terms of power factor regulation and dynamic performance, particularly under strong nonlinearities introduced by the FC voltage control. These results confirm that the proposed cost function formulation, with its specific control terms, effectively enables regulation of the overall system.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"7474-7484"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}