{"title":"Influence of Hotspot Temperature in End Region on Power Regulation Capability of AC-Excited Generation-Motor","authors":"Hongjin Guo;Guorui Xu;Xueshen Cui;Yi-an Yan;Haisen Zhao","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3583654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3583654","url":null,"abstract":"An AC-Excited Generator-Motor (ACEGM) is widely used in the variable speed pumped storage power station due to its flexible and powerful power regulation capability. However, the power regulation range can be restricted by the hotspot temperature in the end region of the ACEGM. In order to study the temperature distribution laws of the stator and rotor end structural components, a three-dimensional electromagnetic- fluid-thermal coupling model in the end region of the ACEGM is established. The flux densities, losses and temperatures in the end core, tooth plate, stator clamping plate and rotor retaining ring are studied under the different operating conditions. Through thermal analysis, the hotspot location in the stator and rotor end regions has been pinpointed. The hotspot temperature variations in the stator and rotor end regions along with the changes of the active and reactive powers are studied. The power regulation range of the ACEGM is determined by the thermal limits of the stator and rotor end components. The study can provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing the stator and rotor end-region structures and enhancing the power regulation capability of ACEGMs.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 6","pages":"8978-8987"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Advanced Detection Method of Pollution Level of Transmission Line Insulators Based on GPLVM-IMVO-BPNN","authors":"Yihan Fan;Yujun Guo;Yang Liu;Yuan Ou;Si Lv;Guangning Wu","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3583680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3583680","url":null,"abstract":"The ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission project plays a crucial role in global energy interconnection. As a key insulating component in transmission lines, silicone rubber insulators are prone to the deposition of pollution on their surfaces during long-term operation, which can lead to flashover and even cause large-scale power outages in grid. To achieve a high-precision assessment of pollution level on insulators, a non-contact detection method is proposed in this paper based on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology and back propagation neural network (BPNN). First, a hyperspectral imager is used to extract spectral data from the surface of the transmission line insulators. Then, four different dimensionality reduction methods are compared, and the Gaussian process late variable model (GPLVM), which provides the best spectral feature extraction performance, is applied to reduce the data dimensionality. Next, the BPNN, which is capable of characterizing complex nonlinear mapping relationships, is selected as the classification model. By incorporating an improved multi-verse optimization (IMVO), the optimal weights and biases for the model are obtained, enhancing the performance of global optimization and local exploration. The results show that the GPLVM-IMVO-BPNN classification model proposed in this study achieves an overall accuracy (OA) of 96.67%, which is a 7.92% improvement compared to the full band model. Additionally, this model successfully enables the visualization of pollution distribution on insulator surfaces in the field. The proposed method provides a basis for the non-destructive evaluation of transmission line insulators and offers solid support for the safe and stable operation of grid.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 6","pages":"8843-8853"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feng Li;Kai Wang;Fuhao Huang;Zhonghao Liu;Yuedong Guo;Jian Li;Hongjuan Ge
{"title":"Multi-Objective Optimization Design of Halbach Consequent-Pole PM Machine for Rim-Driven Thruster","authors":"Feng Li;Kai Wang;Fuhao Huang;Zhonghao Liu;Yuedong Guo;Jian Li;Hongjuan Ge","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3583652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3583652","url":null,"abstract":"In order to balance the torque density and utilization of permanent magnet (PM) material in large air gap rim-driven thruster (RDT), a three-segment Halbach array consequent-pole PM rim driven machine (HCPM-RDM) with unequal pole arc is proposed in this paper. In this design, the proposed HCPM-RDM can significantly reduce the PM volume, while taking advantage of the flux focusing effects of the Halbach structure, and improve the torque density. To satisfy the operating requirements of the RDT, a multi-objective stratified optimization design is conducted, in which the response surface (RS) coupled genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm are purposely utilized. Then, the electromagnetic performance of the HCPM, CPM, SPM machines is extensively compared, which include the cogging torque, electromagnetic torque, torque ripple, loss and efficiency. Finally, the RDM prototype is tested to verify the effectiveness of corresponding optimization design and finite element analysis (FEA).","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 6","pages":"9232-9242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single Stage Isolated AC/DC LLC Resonant Power Conversion Stage With Reduced Current/Voltage Stress for Portable Light EV Charger Development","authors":"Saran Chaurasiya;Bhim Singh","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3583653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3583653","url":null,"abstract":"Transformation efficiency and system power density are critical parameters in design of a portable, cost-effective EV charger. This results from conventionally adopted dual-stage power conversion for low and medium power processing, featuring a primary hard-switched stage. This paper presents a design for a single-stage direct AC/DC LLC resonant converter-based electric vehicle charger to address this issue. Converter employs an interleaved inductor principle at grid end and split grid link principle so that each interleaved phase realising only half of grid voltage. This implementation effectively reduces voltage stress across MOSFETs and facilitate inherent power factor correction with discontinuous interleaved inductor current mode (DIICM) operation. DIICM design encompasses compact passive footprints and facilitates straightforward control implementation. A time-weighted average design (TWAD) is adopted, which encourages elements design based on system constraints. Furthermore, DIICM of the interleaved state and TWAD design of LLC tank parameters enable a single charging current control loop, which offers DC link boost capability alongside charging current tracking. Proposed concept is validated through a 0.5 kW design for simulation purposes and a 1.5 kW practical laboratory prototype to enable efficient EV charging for 42-58 V output voltage range. Proposed design is validated with simulation and experimental results over grid and charging scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 6","pages":"9540-9550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandros Y. Hadjicostas;Zacharias G. Datsios;Pantelis N. Mikropoulos;Thomas Tsovilis;Argiris Kagiannas;Zafiris Politis;Georgios D. Peppas
{"title":"Dimensioning of Sheath Voltage Limiters for Single- Core Power Cables Connecting an Overhead Transmission Line to a 150 kV Substation","authors":"Alexandros Y. Hadjicostas;Zacharias G. Datsios;Pantelis N. Mikropoulos;Thomas Tsovilis;Argiris Kagiannas;Zafiris Politis;Georgios D. Peppas","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3583678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3583678","url":null,"abstract":"This case study evaluates the stresses of sheath voltage limiters installed at the open end of single-point bonding systems employed for two single-core power cable circuits (lengths: 120 m and 50 m). These cable circuits connect one circuit of a 150 kV double-circuit overhead transmission line to a 150/33 kV substation. Detailed simulations are performed using the ATP-EMTP software for four main scenarios: (i) steady-state operating conditions, (ii) single-phase and three-phase short circuits, (iii) lightning strikes to towers, and (iv) shielding failures at the incoming 150 kV overhead line. For the lightning-related scenarios (iii and iv), the residual voltage and the surge current through the sheath voltage limiters are computed, considering the effects of the instantaneous value of the AC operating voltage, the time to half value, and the amplitude of the lightning return-stroke current. Stress on the sheath voltage limiters is analyzed in terms of charge transfer and specific energy obtained through simulations. Finally, the minimum required characteristics of the sheath voltage limiters are determined and discussed in the context of appropriate dimensioning in engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 6","pages":"8832-8842"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11053165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Feasibility Analysis of Multiphase Machines for Electric Vehicle Applications","authors":"Furkan Tokgoz;Z.Q. Zhu;Xiao Chen;Chaohui Liu;Lianghui Yang;Yiqing Yuan;Han Yang;Yiming Huang","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3582566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3582566","url":null,"abstract":"The feasibility of utilizing multiphase machines in electrical vehicles (EVs) is investigated in this paper by designing three-phase, five-phase, six-phase, and nine-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) with the same sizing parameters as the Tesla Model 3 IPMSM which is used as a reference. The optimized three-phase machine results in a 20% higher average output torque per permanent magnet (PM) volume compared to the reference design. Multiphase machines show 3-5% higher torque per PM volume over their three-phase counterpart while achieving inherently low torque ripples. The torque-speed analysis of the multiphase machines demonstrates enhanced efficiency regions attributable to the increased output power although this improvement is accompanied by increased iron losses due to high winding factors of harmonics. PWM losses are calculated, and thermal simulations of the machines are performed to validate that the designs work with thermal limitations. It is also shown that the DC-link capacitor size can be reduced by up to 55% compared to a three-phase system by using a multiphase structure. The total number of power switches used in the drive remains the same for the six-phase machine since the lower phase currents can be achieved by increasing the number of phases. The cost analysis for each of the machines has shown that multiphase machines are not necessarily more expensive than three-phase machines since the same total number of switches considering paralleled switches in three-phase machine can be used in six-phase machine while having smaller DC-link capacitors and PM volume. As a result, 14.2% higher output power per cost can be achieved compared to the reference design.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 6","pages":"9216-9231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11048689","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extended State Observer-Based Deadbeat Predictive Current Control for IPMSM Enhancing Full Parameter Robustness","authors":"Jialiang Dai;Li Liu;Jungho Ahn;Ju Lee;Hyunwoo Kim","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3576751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3576751","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a Deadbeat Predictive Current Control (DPCC) method that incorporates an Extended State Observer to address parameter mismatches, in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor drives. Initially, the foundational principles of traditional deadbeat control are delineated, followed by an analysis of the inductance parameter sensitivity inherent in conventional DPCC methods. While the existing DPCC algorithm targets inductance variations, its scope is inadequate for applications demanding high control precision and robustness. Consequently, the sensitivities of resistance, inductance, and flux linkage parameters to predictive current errors are examined. An Extended State Observer is then implemented to monitor system disturbances caused by parameter deviations, facilitating real-time disturbance compensation in traditional predictive control algorithms. Ultimately, both simulation and experimental outcomes affirm that the proposed method effectively mitigates the influence of parameter mismatches on control efficacy and diminishes the parameter sensitivity of the DPCC approach.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 6","pages":"9347-9358"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fault Characteristic Analysis and Countermeasure Research for Novel CLCC DC System","authors":"Wenyi Xu;Jianjun Ma;Dezhen Zhang;Zhe Chen;Miao Zhu","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3579468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3579468","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission, commutation failures (CFs) in line commutated converters (LCC) become increasingly prominent. A controllable line commutated converter (CLCC) is proposed to effectively solve commutation failures in LCC. Forced commutation is achieved in CLCC by incorporating auxiliary branches. However, the added components introduce the risks such as open-circuit or short-circuit failures, impacting the reliability of converter. This paper analyzes the fault characteristics of key components in both the main and auxiliary branches of the CLCC, with focus on open-circuit and short-circuit faults. A fault location method based on fault voltage and current is then proposed. Finally, the fault characteristic analysis and the proposed location method are validated by simulation on the developed 500kV/1.2kA CLCC-HVDC model in PSCAD/EMTDC. The result shows that the proposed method enables accurate identification of the faulty valve location.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 6","pages":"8799-8810"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design Criteria of Non-Isolated Bidirectional DC-DC Converters: A Review","authors":"Sobhan Sarani;Xiaodong Liang","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3579450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3579450","url":null,"abstract":"Battery energy storage systems are widely used for renewable power generation and electric transportation systems. Bidirectional DC-DC converters (BDCs) are key components in such systems, enabling bidirectional power flow in battery charging and discharging modes. BDCs can be categorized into isolated and non-isolated. Non-isolated BDCs have lower volume, weight, and power losses, suitable for compact structures without needing galvanic isolation. In this paper, a comprehensive literature review is conducted for non-isolated BDCs, covering soft switching, current ripple reduction, high voltage gain and resiliency techniques. Soft switching aims to reduce switching losses and improve efficiency, including auxiliary circuits and non-auxiliary methods, such as interleaved structures, phase-shift modulation, and synchronous rectification. Current ripple reduction focuses on capacitive loop configurations, interleaved structures, and coupled inductor-based methods. Batteries are low-voltage power sources, BDCs can increase the output voltage to a level required by the applications through an appropriate voltage gain, and high voltage gain techniques include capacitor-based, magnetic-based, and combined networks, and mixed structures. Resiliency is explored to ensure reliable operations under adverse conditions. This review provides valuable insights into developing more efficient, reliable, and high-performance BDCs, addressing the evolving demands of modern energy systems. Future research directions in non-isolated BDCs are recommended in this paper.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 6","pages":"8771-8798"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive Dual Setting Optimal Protection Coordination for Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid","authors":"Mir Uzair Kanth;Premalata Jena","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3579472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3579472","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of AC and DC subgrids equipped with variable penetration DERs makes the protection of Hybrid AC/DC microgrids complex and challenging. Diverse topological and operational uncertainties result in variable short-circuit levels of the system. The adaptive relay settings are quite imperative to ensure effective protection coordination for such a dynamic system. This work proposes an adaptive dual-setting scheme for the optimal protection coordination of hybrid AC/DC microgrids(HMG), utilising a novel hybrid relay characteristic. The optimal relay settings are updated offline for the most prominent system operating conditions. Additionally, a fail-safe contingency plan, based on a non-intrusive load detection and communication coordination approach, is employed for system changes other than pre-considered operating conditions. This eliminates any central controller-based communication overhead and reliability concerns. A new performance evaluation framework is also designed to investigate the feasibility of overcurrent protection for low-voltage DC subgrid faults. The effectiveness of the proposed work is validated on a modified MV CIGRE-based 7-bus HMG system, and an extended 39-bus HMG based on the IEEE 33-bus test system, using a real-time digital simulator and a numeric relay development environment for hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulations. The results demonstrate improved performance compared to previous adaptive protection coordination schemes under various network reconfigurations, load-switching scenarios, variable DG penetration, and other system operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 6","pages":"8951-8965"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}