Immune Network最新文献_第8页

The Function of Memory CD8+ T Cells in Immunotherapy for Human Diseases. 记忆 CD8+ T 细胞在人类疾病免疫疗法中的功能。

IF 4.3 4区医学

Immune Network Pub Date : 2023-02-23 eCollection Date: 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e10

Hanbyeul Choi, Yeaji Kim, Yong Woo Jung

引用次数: 0

Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Context-Dependent Plasticity in T-Helper Lineages. 转录和表观遗传调控 T 细胞系的情境依赖性可塑性

IF 4.3 4区医学

Immune Network Pub Date : 2023-02-23 eCollection Date: 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e5

Meyer J Friedman, Haram Lee, June-Yong Lee, Soohwan Oh

{"title":"Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Context-Dependent Plasticity in T-Helper Lineages.","authors":"Meyer J Friedman, Haram Lee, June-Yong Lee, Soohwan Oh","doi":"10.4110/in.2023.23.e5","DOIUrl":"10.4110/in.2023.23.e5","url":null,"abstract":"Th cell lineage determination and functional specialization are tightly linked to the activation of lineage-determining transcription factors (TFs) that bind cis-regulatory elements. These lineage-determining TFs act in concert with multiple layers of transcriptional regulators to alter the epigenetic landscape, including DNA methylation, histone modification and three-dimensional chromosome architecture, in order to facilitate the specific Th gene expression programs that allow for phenotypic diversification. Accumulating evidence indicates that Th cell differentiation is not as rigid as classically held; rather, extensive phenotypic plasticity is an inherent feature of T cell lineages. Recent studies have begun to uncover the epigenetic programs that mechanistically govern T cell subset specification and immunological memory. Advances in next generation sequencing technologies have allowed global transcriptomic and epigenomic interrogation of CD4+ Th cells that extends previous findings focusing on individual loci. In this review, we provide an overview of recent genome-wide insights into the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of CD4+ T cell-mediated adaptive immunity and discuss the implications for disease as well as immunotherapies.","PeriodicalId":13307,"journal":{"name":"Immune Network","volume":"23 1","pages":"e5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/90/6a/in-23-e5.PMC9995996.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9471677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbial Components and Effector Molecules in T Helper Cell Differentiation and Function. T 辅助细胞分化和功能中的微生物成分和效应分子

IF 4.3 4区医学

Immune Network Pub Date : 2023-02-22 eCollection Date: 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e7

Changhon Lee, Haena Lee, John Chulhoon Park, Sin-Hyeog Im

{"title":"Microbial Components and Effector Molecules in T Helper Cell Differentiation and Function.","authors":"Changhon Lee, Haena Lee, John Chulhoon Park, Sin-Hyeog Im","doi":"10.4110/in.2023.23.e7","DOIUrl":"10.4110/in.2023.23.e7","url":null,"abstract":"The mammalian intestines harbor trillions of commensal microorganisms composed of thousands of species that are collectively called gut microbiota. Among the microbiota, bacteria are the predominant microorganism, with viruses, protozoa, and fungi (mycobiota) making up a relatively smaller population. The microbial communities play fundamental roles in the maturation and orchestration of the immune landscape in health and disease. Primarily, the gut microbiota modulates the immune system to maintain homeostasis and plays a crucial role in regulating the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of inflammatory, neuronal, and metabolic disorders. The microbiota modulates the host immune system through direct interactions with immune cells or indirect mechanisms such as producing short-chain acids and diverse metabolites. Numerous researchers have put extensive efforts into investigating the role of microbes in immune regulation, discovering novel immunomodulatory microbial species, identifying key effector molecules, and demonstrating how microbes and their key effector molecules mechanistically impact the host immune system. Consequently, recent studies suggest that several microbial species and their immunomodulatory molecules have therapeutic applicability in preclinical settings of multiple disorders. Nonetheless, it is still unclear why and how a handful of microorganisms and their key molecules affect the host immunity in diverse diseases. This review mainly discusses the role of microbes and their metabolites in T helper cell differentiation, immunomodulatory function, and their modes of action.","PeriodicalId":13307,"journal":{"name":"Immune Network","volume":"23 1","pages":"e7"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cb/d4/in-23-e7.PMC9995987.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9157321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

T Cell Microvilli: Finger-Shaped External Structures Linked to the Fate of T Cells. T 细胞微绒毛：与 T 细胞命运相关的指状外部结构

IF 4.3 4区医学

Immune Network Pub Date : 2023-02-21 eCollection Date: 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e3

Hye-Ran Kim, Jeong-Su Park, Won-Chang Soh, Na-Young Kim, Hyun-Yoong Moon, Ji-Su Lee, Chang-Duk Jun

{"title":"T Cell Microvilli: Finger-Shaped External Structures Linked to the Fate of T Cells.","authors":"Hye-Ran Kim, Jeong-Su Park, Won-Chang Soh, Na-Young Kim, Hyun-Yoong Moon, Ji-Su Lee, Chang-Duk Jun","doi":"10.4110/in.2023.23.e3","DOIUrl":"10.4110/in.2023.23.e3","url":null,"abstract":"Microvilli are outer membrane organelles that contain cross-linked filamentous actin. Unlike well-characterized epithelial microvilli, T-cell microvilli are dynamic similar to those of filopodia, which grow and shrink intermittently via the alternate actin-assembly and -disassembly. T-cell microvilli are specialized for sensing Ags on the surface of Ag-presenting cells (APCs). Thus, these finger-shaped microprotrusions contain many signaling-related proteins and can serve as a signaling platforms that induce intracellular signals. However, they are not limited to sensing external information but can provide sites for parts of the cell-body to tear away from the cell. Cells are known to produce many types of extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, microvesicles, and membrane particles. T cells also produce EVs, but little is known about under what conditions T cells generate EVs and which types of EVs are released. We discovered that T cells produce few exosomes but release large amounsts of microvilli-derived particles during physical interaction with APCs. Although much is unanswered as to why T cells use the same organelles to sense Ags or to produce EVs, these events can significantly affect T cell fate, including clonal expansion and death. Since TCRs are localized at microvilli tips, this membrane event also raises a new question regarding long-standing paradigm in T cell biology; i.e., surface TCR downmodulation following T cell activation. Since T-cell microvilli particles carry T-cell message to their cognate partner, these particles are termed T-cell immunological synaptosomes (TISs). We discuss the potential physiological role of TISs and their application to immunotherapies.","PeriodicalId":13307,"journal":{"name":"Immune Network","volume":"23 1","pages":"e3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b0/aa/in-23-e3.PMC9995986.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9455871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Roles of Virtual Memory T Cells in Diseases. 虚拟记忆 T 细胞在疾病中的作用

IF 4.3 4区医学

Immune Network Pub Date : 2023-02-20 eCollection Date: 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e11

Joon Seok, Sung-Dong Cho, Seong Jun Seo, Su-Hyung Park

引用次数: 0

Molecular Mechanisms of T Helper Cell Differentiation and Functional Specialization. T 辅助细胞分化和功能特化的分子机制

IF 4.3 4区医学

Immune Network Pub Date : 2023-02-17 eCollection Date: 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e4

Gap Ryol Lee

引用次数: 0

Protective Efficacy and Immunogenicity of Rv0351/Rv3628 Subunit Vaccine Formulated in Different Adjuvants Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Rv0351/Rv3628亚单位疫苗在不同佐剂中对结核分枝杆菌感染的保护作用和免疫原性。

IF 6 4区医学

Immune Network Pub Date : 2023-02-16 eCollection Date: 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e16

Kee Woong Kwon, Tae Gun Kang, Ara Lee, Seung Mo Jin, Yong Taik Lim, Sung Jae Shin, Sang-Jun Ha

{"title":"Protective Efficacy and Immunogenicity of Rv0351/Rv3628 Subunit Vaccine Formulated in Different Adjuvants Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.","authors":"Kee Woong Kwon, Tae Gun Kang, Ara Lee, Seung Mo Jin, Yong Taik Lim, Sung Jae Shin, Sang-Jun Ha","doi":"10.4110/in.2023.23.e16","DOIUrl":"10.4110/in.2023.23.e16","url":null,"abstract":"Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) prevention. Previously, our group demonstrated the vaccine potential of Rv0351 and Rv3628 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection by directing Th1-biased CD4+ T cells co-expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 in the lungs. Here, we assessed immunogenicity and vaccine potential of the combined Ags (Rv0351/Rv3628) formulated in different adjuvants as subunit booster in BCG-primed mice against hypervirulent clinical Mtb strain K (Mtb K). Compared to BCG-only or subunit-only vaccine, BCG prime and subunit boost regimen exhibited significantly enhanced Th1 response. Next, we evaluated the immunogenicity to the combined Ags when formulated with four different types of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL)-based adjuvants: 1) dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA), MPL, and trehalose dicorynomycolate (TDM) in liposome form (DMT), 2) MPL and Poly I:C in liposome form (MP), 3) MPL, Poly I:C, and QS21 in liposome form (MPQ), and 4) MPL and Poly I:C in squalene emulsion form (MPS). MPQ and MPS displayed greater adjuvancity in Th1 induction than DMT or MP did. Especially, BCG prime and subunit-MPS boost regimen significantly reduced the bacterial loads and pulmonary inflammation against Mtb K infection when compared to BCG-only vaccine at a chronic stage of TB disease. Collectively, our findings highlighted the importance of adjuvant components and formulation to induce the enhanced protection with an optimal Th1 response.","PeriodicalId":13307,"journal":{"name":"Immune Network","volume":"23 2","pages":"e16"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/36/a9/in-23-e16.PMC10166659.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9467551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Human CD8⁺ T-Cell Populations That Express Natural Killer Receptors. 表达自然杀伤受体的人类CD8+ t细胞群

IF 6 4区医学

Immune Network Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e8

June-Young Koh, Dong-Uk Kim, Bae-Hyeon Moon, Eui-Cheol Shin

{"title":"Human CD8+ T-Cell Populations That Express Natural Killer Receptors.","authors":"June-Young Koh, Dong-Uk Kim, Bae-Hyeon Moon, Eui-Cheol Shin","doi":"10.4110/in.2023.23.e8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4110/in.2023.23.e8","url":null,"abstract":"CD8+ T cells are activated by TCRs that recognize specific cognate Ags, while NK-cell activation is regulated by a balance between signals from germline-encoded activating and inhibitory NK receptors. Through these different processes of Ag recognition, CD8+ T cells and NK cells play distinct roles as adaptive and innate immune cells, respectively. However, some human CD8+ T cells have been found to express activating or inhibitory NK receptors. CD8+ T-cell populations expressing NK receptors straddle the innate-adaptive boundary with their innate-like features. Recent breakthrough technical advances in multi-omics analysis have enabled elucidation of the unique immunologic characteristics of these populations. However, studies have not yet fully clarified the heterogeneity and immunological characteristics of each CD8+ T-cell population expressing NK receptors. Here we aimed to review the current knowledge of various CD8+ T-cell populations expressing NK receptors, and to pave the way for delineating the landscape and identifying the various roles of these T-cell populations.","PeriodicalId":13307,"journal":{"name":"Immune Network","volume":"23 1","pages":"e8"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/26/ca/in-23-e8.PMC9995994.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9471676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Shaping Heterogeneity of Naive CD8⁺ T Cell Pools. 初始CD8+ T细胞池的形成异质性

IF 6 4区医学

Immune Network Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e2

Sung-Woo Lee, Gil-Woo Lee, Hee-Ok Kim, Jae-Ho Cho

{"title":"Shaping Heterogeneity of Naive CD8+ T Cell Pools.","authors":"Sung-Woo Lee, Gil-Woo Lee, Hee-Ok Kim, Jae-Ho Cho","doi":"10.4110/in.2023.23.e2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4110/in.2023.23.e2","url":null,"abstract":"Immune diversification helps protect the host against a myriad of pathogens. CD8+ T cells are essential adaptive immune cells that inhibit the spread of pathogens by inducing apoptosis in infected host cells, ultimately ensuring complete elimination of infectious pathogens and suppressing disease development. Accordingly, numerous studies have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying CD8+ T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation into effector and memory cells, and to identify various intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating these processes. The current knowledge accumulated through these studies has led to a huge breakthrough in understanding the existence of heterogeneity in CD8+ T cell populations during immune response and the principles underlying this heterogeneity. As the heterogeneity in effector/memory phases has been extensively reviewed elsewhere, in the current review, we focus on CD8+ T cells in a \"naïve\" state, introducing recent studies dealing with the heterogeneity of naive CD8+ T cells and discussing the factors that contribute to such heterogeneity. We also discuss how this heterogeneity contributes to establishing the immense complexity of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response.","PeriodicalId":13307,"journal":{"name":"Immune Network","volume":"23 1","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ab/67/in-23-e2.PMC9995989.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9157319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Bone Marrow Progenitors and IL-2 Signaling Contribute to the Strain Differences of Kidney Innate Lymphoid Cells. 骨髓祖细胞和IL-2信号传导对肾脏固有淋巴细胞株系差异的影响。

IF 4.3 4区医学

Immune Network Pub Date : 2023-01-31 eCollection Date: 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e15

Seungwon Ryu, Hye Young Kim

{"title":"Bone Marrow Progenitors and IL-2 Signaling Contribute to the Strain Differences of Kidney Innate Lymphoid Cells.","authors":"Seungwon Ryu, Hye Young Kim","doi":"10.4110/in.2023.23.e15","DOIUrl":"10.4110/in.2023.23.e15","url":null,"abstract":"Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical immune-response mediators. Although they largely reside in mucosal tissues, the kidney also bears substantial numbers. Nevertheless, kidney ILC biology is poorly understood. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice are known to display type-2 and type-1 skewed immune responses, respectively, but it is unclear whether this extends to ILCs. We show here that indeed, BALB/c mice have higher total ILCs in the kidney than C57BL/6 mice. This difference was particularly pronounced for ILC2s. We then showed that three factors contributed to the higher ILC2s in the BALB/c kidney. First, BALB/c mice demonstrated higher numbers of ILC precursors in the bone marrow. Second, transcriptome analysis showed that compared to C57BL/6 kidneys, the BALB/c kidneys associated with significantly higher IL-2 responses. Quantitative RT-PCR also showed that compared to C57BL/6 kidneys, the BALB/c kidneys expressed higher levels of IL-2 and other cytokines known to promote ILC2 proliferation and/or survival (IL-7, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin). Third, the BALB/c kidney ILC2s may be more sensitive to the environmental signals than C57BL/6 kidney ILC2s since they expressed their transcription factor GATA-3 and the IL-2, IL-7, and IL-25 receptors at higher levels. Indeed, they also demonstrated greater responsiveness to IL-2 than C57BL/6 kidney ILC2s, as shown by their greater STAT5 phosphorylation levels after culture with IL-2. Thus, this study demonstrates previously unknown properties of kidney ILC2s. It also shows the impact of mouse strain background on ILC2 behavior, which should be considered when conducting research on immune diseases with experimental mouse models.","PeriodicalId":13307,"journal":{"name":"Immune Network","volume":"23 2","pages":"e15"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/52/1f/in-23-e15.PMC10166654.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9838435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0