Indian journal of public health最新文献

{"title":"Breakthrough Vaccines and Transformative Therapies on the Horizon of Progress toward Diabetes Management.","authors":"Dewesh Kumar, Shashi Bhushan Singh, Vidya Sagar, Manoj Kumar Prasad, Neelesh Kapoor, Ankita Mukul, Amit Nishant","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_102_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_102_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus, affects millions of people globally. Over the years, diabetes has emerged as a significant global health concern, with steadily increasing prevalence.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review explores the various aspects of diabetes mellitus, and delves into the evolving field of new emerging treatments and diabetes vaccines, highlighting the potential they hold in revolutionizing diabetes management in the future.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Literature search was done in PubMed database and relevant articles were selected for the narrative review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review reveals that currently most vaccines that have been developed are in animal studies and early phases of trials. Only few human trials have been conducted, but, with positive outcome. There are also some novel therapeutics emerging as potential management options for diabetes. Therefore, it is imperative to know about the potential vaccines and novel emerging treatment options for diabetes mellitus, to understand the challenges faced in constructing novel vaccines and the intricate relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, an emerging entity as Type 3 Diabetes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a growing interest in the development of vaccines as a revolutionary approach to diabetes management. As our understanding of diabetes deepens and vaccine technology advances, the prospect of a diabetes vaccine becoming a reality offers hope for millions living with this condition and in reducing the burden of diabetes-related complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"236-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Primary Health Facilities of South Delhi: A Qualitative Inquiry.","authors":"Jyoti Sharma, Madhavi Yennapu, Vipan Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_430_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_430_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Summary: </strong>Despite a well-established multitier healthcare network in Delhi, the cervical cancer screening rate in South Delhi remains critically low. This study triangulates findings from secondary literature and field insights to present a comprehensive situation analysis of cervical cancer in South Delhi, highlighting implementation barriers to screening under the national program from the perspective of frontline health workers in primary care settings such as Mohalla Clinics, Delhi Government Dispensaries, and Seed Primary Urban Health Centers. Insights from the study (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats analysis) are expected to inform policy recommendations for improving on-ground implementation of the cervical cancer prevention program in Delhi.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"259-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Physical Activity and Menopausal Symptoms among Midlife Women: A Cross-sectional Study in Rural Nagercoil and Kanyakumari Districts, Tamil Nadu, India.","authors":"S Mathavi, Aruna Subramaniam, Lisy Joseph, R Poongodi","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_1194_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_1194_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Majority of midlife women experience menopausal symptoms through the period of menopausal transition. Variation in the severity of these symptoms experienced by them also restriction on physical activity (PA) due to menopause in women.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Association between the severity of menopausal symptoms and PA according to menopause status among midlife rural women.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An analytical cross-sectional study was done on 300 midlife rural women (aged 35-60 years), selected through purposive sampling from nine villages under Agastheeswaram Primary Health Center, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari, India. A sub-sample (25%) was selected for assessment of PA during four menopausal stages using a structured interview schedule with a background variable questionnaire, Green Climacteric Scale, and long form of \"International PA Questionnaire.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 45.54 ± 6.34 years. Majority of women experienced severe psychological symptoms (89.7%) and severe physical symptoms (86.0%), while 89.0% reported moderate vasomotor symptoms. Overall, 89.4% of participants were severely affected by menopause-related symptoms. Regarding PA levels, 36.4% of women in early menopausal transition and 26.7% late menopausal transition met World Health Organization exercise guidelines. Among postmenopausal women, 42.1% early postmenopause and 37.5% late postmenopause. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between PA and symptom sub-scores ( P = 0.037) and psychological symptom sub-scores ( P = 0.047). A weak but statistically significant negative correlation was observed between total activity scores and both physical symptoms and vasomotor symptoms ( P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The quality of life in women during their mid-life can be improved by PA. It can also play a protective role in lessening climacteric symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":"70 2","pages":"149-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148301234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of Public Sector District Hospitals of India: A Data-envelopment Analysis.","authors":"Aarti Goyal, Gaurav Jyani, Shankar Prinja","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_1019_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_1019_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>District hospitals are integral part of India's public healthcare delivery system, yet national-level assessment of their efficiency is lacking.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This research assesses the technical efficiency of district hospitals in India and identifies key determinants influencing their performance.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data envelopment analysis was utilized to measure the efficiency scores of district hospitals. The estimates of input and output variables from district hospitals were sourced from the primary data comprising 27 district hospitals across nine Indian states. Input variables included human resources for health, physical medical infrastructure, and the economic value of all other resources consumed to deliver health services, whereas the output variables comprised hospital workload indicators such as number of hospitalizations, surgeries, and outpatient episodes. Tobit regression investigated the factors influencing hospital efficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>85.2% of the district hospitals ( n = 23) under the variable returns to scale model and 74.1% of the hospitals ( n = 20) under the constant returns to scale model had efficiency scores above the threshold of 0.9, suggesting high operational efficiency. Mean technical efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency (PTE), and scale efficiency scores were 0.88, 0.94, and 0.93, respectively. The hospitals serving larger proportions of very young or elderly populations exhibited lower TE (β = -0.017). The hospitals located in tier 2 (β = 0.653) and tier 3 cities (β = 0.600) exhibited higher PTE than those in tier 1 cities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most district hospitals are performing efficiently; thus, increasing output would require a higher budget. Progress toward universal health coverage necessitates either enhanced inputs or more district hospitals.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":"70 2","pages":"155-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148301248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural Beliefs and Cardiovascular Risk: Investigating Duck Meat and Hypertension in Assam.","authors":"Bhupen Barman, Dibyajyoti Saikia","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_1028_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_1028_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"289-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training and Communication Package for Acute Fever Case Management and Antibiotic Prescriptions: A Qualitative Exploration into Changing Behaviors of Healthcare Workers, Patients, and Caregivers in Chandigarh, India.","authors":"Manmeet Kaur, Dinesh Kumar, Philip Horgan, Neelam Taneja, Siddhant Gahlot, Taranpreet Kaur, Anjana Tomar, Sarabjit Singh","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_482_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_482_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health concern in India. It is driven largely by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This qualitative study aimed to examine how the Training and Communication (T and C) package influenced antibiotic prescribing practices of healthcare providers and prescription adherence among patients and caregivers at Civil Hospital, Manimajra, Chandigarh.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A grounded theory approach was applied to qualitative data collected at baseline and endline. Purposive sampling was used to conduct focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with healthcare workers, patients, and caregivers. The topic guides were developed with reference to the capacity, opportunity, motivation-behavior framework. Data were transcribed, translated, manually coded, and thematically analyzed to identify drivers and barriers to prescription adherence before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Drivers of, and barriers to, prescription adherence included patient characteristics, doctor's workload, patient's knowledge about antibiotic uses, expectations for cheaper medicines, and the attitude of healthcare providers before the intervention. Based on these findings, a T and C package was developed for healthcare providers and patient communication. The use of rapid diagnostic tests and prescription communication helped in early diagnosis and increased patient's adherence to the prescribed medicine after the intervention. Patients in the intervention arm reported supportive engagement with the healthcare professionals. The affordability of medicine was a major barrier to prescription adherence across arms, pre- and postintervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Training of service providers and communication with patients were important for ensuring prescription adherence and optimal use of antibiotics. The affordability of medicines was the biggest challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":"70 2","pages":"169-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148301328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Collaboration, Providing Care, and Fostering Change: A 3-C Approach to Evaluate the Impact of Family Adoption Program in Undergraduate Competency-based Medical Education Curriculum.","authors":"Krishna Mohan Surapaneni, Suguna Elayaperumal, Surya Balakrishnan, Balabaskaran Soundararajan, Sriram Ramamurthy, Karthik Sankar, Porchelvan Swaminathan","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_850_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_850_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The family adoption program (FAP) is a unique component of the competency-based medical education system in India, designed to foster practical skills, compassion, cultural competence, and a deep understanding of social health determinants.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of FAP in undergraduate medical education, evaluate faculty experiences with the FAP, explore community-level outcomes of the FAP, and identify factors influencing the implementation and improvement of the FAP.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A robust 3-C approach (collaboration, care, and change) was employed with mixed-methods evaluation. The study included 147 s professional year medical students actively participating in the FAP, and 575 community members from the adopted families. Data collection involved validated questionnaires and structured interviews. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS and interpretative description analysis to extract deeper insights from qualitative data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 90% of students reported improved confidence in patient care and communication, reflecting a successful integration of theoretical knowledge with practical experience. Faculty feedback highlighted increased student engagement and learning but also pointed out challenges in program coordination and resource allocation. Community feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with notable improvements in health literacy and preventive health behaviors, particularly among younger and more educated groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FAP has proven effective in fostering a comprehensive understanding of community health and the development of empathetic, skilled medical professionals prepared for the complexities of modern healthcare environments. Future improvements should focus on addressing logistical challenges and enhancing faculty support to sustain and expand the benefits of this model.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":"70 2","pages":"135-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148301290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into Methodological Aspects of the Study on Indoor Air Pollution and Breathing Difficulty.","authors":"Amalendu Thomas","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_715_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_715_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is a Sugar-free Diet Worse or Better? Time to Think about What You Eat to Save Those Extra Calories.","authors":"Mitali Kumbhar, Bageshree Nilkanth Pande","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_830_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_830_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"293-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review to Evaluate Different Treatments Used in Advanced Nonsmall-cell Lung Cancer in India.","authors":"Jayanti Semwal, Ruchi Juyal, Shaili Vyas, Akash Krishali, Bishant Negi, Vaishnavi Uniyal, Shrishti Badola, Suresh Yadav, Deepti Nagrath","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_320_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_320_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for nearly 85% of all lung cancers and represents a major global health burden. In India, treatment strategies must be optimized through a customized approach that considers genetic and environmental differences.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To provide evidence from Indian RCTs with valuable insights into effective and cost effective treatment options.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This review, conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook guidelines, identified 179,960 studies across databases-PubMed (26,383), Google Scholar (17,100), ScienceDirect/Embase (136,458), and the Clinical Trials Registry of India (19).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After screening, 11 primary studies involving 3,470 patients were included. Treatment regimens studied included platinum-based chemotherapy (carboplatin and cisplatin), taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel), epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs), and combination therapies. Carboplatin and cisplatin were the most frequently used agents; gefitinib plus cisplatin showed better efficacy in EGFR-mutated patients; pemetrexed plus carboplatin was more tolerable than paclitaxel plus carboplatin; and chemoimmunotherapy demonstrated superior survival outcomes compared to chemotherapy alone. Targeted therapies such as EGFR TKIs were equally effective with fewer toxicities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, platinum-based chemotherapy remains the mainstay of NSCLC treatment, but patient tolerance, mutational status, and toxicity profiles must be carefully considered. Chemoimmunotherapy and EGFR TKIs are promising alternatives with improved results, while personalized treatment approaches and novel drug combinations should be the focus of future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"223-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}