Indian journal of public health最新文献

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Cognitive Retraining Module to Improve Cognitive Deficits in Adults with Obesity.","authors":"Tanveer Kaur, Harpreet Bhatia, Piyush Ranjan, Gauri Shanker Kaloiya, Nandini Rawat, Anshul Kandpal, Ashish Datt Upadhyay, Amandeep Singh, Ranveer Singh Jadon, Siddharth Sarkar","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_369_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_369_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is associated with cognitive impairments that hinder effective adherence to treatment protocols, exacerbating the condition's complexity and management challenges. Addressing these cognitive deficits through targeted interventions is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and sustainable weight management.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aims to develop and validate a cognitive retraining module to address these deficits and improve treatment adherence.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was carried out at the Department of Medicine in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India. The developmental phase comprised four sequential steps as outlined by Fraser and Glinsky: (a) conducting a needs analysis, (b) creating program materials, (c) validating and enhancing program components through effectiveness tests, and (d) disseminating the developed module. The study involved 22 participants, including 12 experts from diverse fields such as psychology, medicine, psychiatry, and human nutrition, and 10 individuals with obesity having significant cognitive deficits. The validation process consisted of two steps: (i) assessing the content validity of the session-wise module with subject matter experts and (ii) conducting pilot testing to evaluate acceptability and feasibility among the targeted population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The module consists of six sessions, targeting seven cognitive domains: (i) abstraction, (ii) visuospatial, (iii) working memory, (iv) attention, (v) language, (vi) delayed recall, and (vii) executive functioning. Each session lasts for around 40-45 min.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The module is a standardized, feasible, and effective intervention for treating cognitive deficits among obese patients. This research introduces a 6-session cognitive retraining module addressing various cognitive domains to enhance weight management among obese adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":"313-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking the Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through Wastewater Surveillance: Insights from Hisar, India.","authors":"Assim Verma, Geetanjali Yadav, Nikita Bishnoi, Subhash Khatreja, Harender Simar, Naveen Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_313_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_313_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Summary: </strong>The wastewater surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may provide information on the potential transmission of COVID-19 infection when mass clinical testing declines. In the present study, a total of 1110 wastewater samples were collected from Hisar, Haryana (India), from August 2022 to June 2023. The SARS-CoV-2 detection in the wastewater correlated with clinical cases of COVID-19 in Hisar, suggesting that wastewater-based epidemiology can potentially complement classical testing of COVID-19 and may serve as an early warning system to prevent potential disease transmission and consequential outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":"69 3","pages":"332-334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Papillomavirus Genotype Distribution in Penile Cancer: Clinical, Histopathological, Radiological Correlations, and Public Health Perspectives.","authors":"Bulbul Roy, Ajanta Sharma, Gitika Rajbongshi, Kailash Chamuah, Sasanka Baruah","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_615_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_615_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Summary: </strong>Human papillomavirus (HPV) appears to play an important role in the development of penile cancer. Research indicates geographical variations in HPV prevalence in penile cancer. Identifying the specific HPV genotypes involved in penile cancer is crucial for the development of targeted screening and vaccination initiatives. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HPV genotypes in penile carcinoma and to correlate that with certain histopathological, clinical, and radiological parameters. Biopsy samples from 27 penile carcinoma cases were subjected to real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction. HPV prevalence was 74.1%, with multiple subtypes detected in 75% of patients. HPV 16 was the predominant genotype (75%). Other genotypes were detected as coinfection. This study revealed a high burden of HPV in penile carcinoma in Assam, with exposure to multiple sexual partners as a significant risk factor. Vaccination against High-risk-HPV should be given importance to reduce the overall burden of HPV-related malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":"69 3","pages":"338-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus-A in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2-Negative Pediatric Patients: Insights from Tertiary Healthcare Center in Pune.","authors":"Manasi V Chavan, Prachi V Prasad, Avinash A Lendave, Chandrashekhar G Raut, Abhilasha J Bhawalkar","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_61_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_61_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Summary: </strong>The global impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised concerns regarding the potential risk of respiratory viruses in children. Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and SARS-CoV-2 exhibit similar clinical manifestations, the detection of RSV has decreased. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the role of RSV in pediatric cases that tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 106 cases, aged 4 days-18 years, from October 1, 2021, to March 31, 2022, were tested for RSV-A using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Samples were tested for RSV-A using conventional PCR. RSV-A was detected in 34% of cases with the highest prevalence (25.5%) in school-going children aged 6-12 years. This reinforces the significance of RSV-A as a prevalent viral pathogen among young children. These results highlight the importance of preventive measures and/or efficient antiviral medication to lower the illness load in young infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":"69 3","pages":"335-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alzheimer's Disease in India: A Public Health Call to Action.","authors":"Suneela Garg, K Madan Gopal","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_1126_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_1126_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":"69 3","pages":"241-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child Contact Management in Tuberculosis under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program in Kalaburagi District of North Karnataka.","authors":"Poonam Shingade, Saraswati V Sajjan, I Amruta Swati, Manas Ranjan Pradhan","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_258_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_258_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of mortality among children globally. Considering the vulnerability of children, India's National TB Elimination Program (NTEP) recommends screening of all household contacts aged <6 years for TB and initiates 6-month isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of the study was to assess the child contact management (CCM) in terms of screening and initiation of IPT under NTEP.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This record-based study has included 192 child contacts and 108 pulmonary TB cases registered from January 2019 to December 2020 from two randomly selected TB units, one each from rural and urban area. The data were obtained from TB treatment registers and TB treatment cards from the district TB office.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most of the children were in the age group of 2-4 years, belonging to rural area and below poverty line families. Although screening of the child contacts was good (97.9%), IPT was initiated in only 49.4% of the screened children. Initiation of IPT was found to be low among males, relatively younger children, and rural population. Lower rates of initiation of IPT were also noted among the children with male index cases, those who are aged ≥45 years, and also among households with more than one child contact. Poor initiation rates were found among the children for whom the index cases presented with any of the comorbidity and addiction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CCM under NTEP is repeatedly emphasized for decades together. Although the percentage of screening was good (97.9%), the initiation of IPT was found, nearly only half of the children which emphasizes the need for the effective strategies and tools to improve the same under the program.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":"69 3","pages":"299-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemoglobin Variant Analysis and Its Comparison between Conventional High-performance Liquid Chromatography Using Whole Blood versus Dried Blood Spot: High-performance Liquid Chromatography.","authors":"Rabindra Kumar Jena, Sudha Sethy, Pradyumna Kumar Dash, Mitanjali Behera, Bhushan Palande, Usha Dave","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_1036_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_1036_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using whole blood (WB) samples is considered gold standard for screening and diagnosis of sickle cell, beta-thalassemia, and other hemoglobinopathies. Collection of WB and temperature-controlled logistics to a laboratory limits the use of HPLC in population screening hemoglobinopathies, especially in remote, tribal regions, having limited resources for venous blood sample collection and transport.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Use of dried blood spot (DBS) sample for HPLC analysis (DBS-HPLC), as an alternative to WB can ease the process of sample collection, decrease the time and resources utilized, and save substantial time and cost on the hemoglobinopathy screening program operations for all age groups.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We compared the results from HPLC analysis of hemoglobin (Hb) variants on DBS (DBS-HPLC) stored and transported at ambient temperatures to laboratory at 3, 5, 11, and 24 days post collection, to results from fresh WB analyzed on the same day by HPLC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed accurate identification and quantitation of fetal hemoglobin, HbA, HbS, HbA2, HbE, and HbD by DBS-HPLC even after 3 weeks of storage and transport at ambient temperature, with accurate interpretation of all major hemoglobinopathies, i.e., homozygous, and heterozygous cases of sickle cell, beta-thalassemia, HbE, HbD, and compound heterozygous cases of these variants, when compared to the conventional WB HPLC results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DBS sample collection combined with HPLC analysis offers a cost-effective, operationally efficient, and accurate method for unified, integrated, and comprehensive population screening test for hemoglobinopathies in resource poor, remote and geographically vast regions in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":"69 3","pages":"280-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field Experiences: Conducting One Health Surveys to Determine Transmission Risks from Poultry in Markets and Farms in Southern India.","authors":"Kumudha Aruldas, Venkateshprabhu Janagaraj, Alagarsamy Alagesan, Arumugam Balakrishnan, Gowthaman Vasudevan, Sitara Swarna Rao Ajjampur","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_258_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_258_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Summary: </strong>The One Health Poultry Hub conducted multiple work packages on poultry intensification and risk, including a study on Campylobacter and nontyphoidal Salmonella infections among retail chicken shop workers in India. Here, we highlight the experience of administering questionnaires and collecting stool and blood samples from these workers and chickens in multiple cities in Tamil Nadu state. The significant challenges noted were as follows: (i) selecting and locating shops, (ii) obtaining consent and collecting samples, and (iii) timely transport of samples to the laboratory. Similar challenges may be faced in One Health studies in poultry and other animal health sectors in low-resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":"69 3","pages":"344-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weighted Sample Size: More than Just a Statistical Adjustment.","authors":"Varsha Jothi, Govindaraj Rajendran","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_790_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_790_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":"69 3","pages":"358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mainstreaming Nonformal Interactions as a Method of Qualitative Data Collection in Health Research.","authors":"Rajib Dasgupta, Sanjay Chaturvedi","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_289_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_289_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Summary: </strong>Nonformal interactions (NFIs) are yet to be a part of qualitative research protocols. Informal interactions, often used in building rapport, are sometimes mentioned synonymously or rather casually to represent the nonformal component of methods as well. Researchers, however, seldom consider NFIs as a core or contributory method to address the research question. We present our experiences with this data collection method, the rules of engagement with participants, subsequent analysis in synergy with the data collected through conventional methods, and its unique role in exploring the sensitive domains of inquiry to address knowledge gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":"69 3","pages":"341-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}