Indian journal of public health最新文献

{"title":"Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown Etiology in Himachal Pradesh, India: A Case-Control Study Investigating Associations with Agrochemical Use and Related Practices.","authors":"Anupam Parashar, Sanjay Vikrant, Ajay Jaryal, Anupama Dhiman, Sumita Sharma","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_1322_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_1322_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) continues to rise globally. Understanding its multifactorial causes - including environmental toxins like pesticides - will be crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examines whether there is an association between CKD of unknown etiology (CKDu) and agrochemicals in people involved in farming in Himachal Pradesh.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A case-control study of patients with CKDu and age and sex-matched healthy controls was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Himachal Pradesh, a state in North India.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 100 CKDu cases and 101 controls. Both groups had a similar mean age, with the majority of participants aged between 46 and 65 years and residing in rural areas. A higher proportion of cases were housewives, whereas more controls were employed. Farming was the predominant occupation in both groups, particularly in field crop cultivation, with similar levels of exposure to fertilizers and pesticides. Approximately 75% of participants in both groups relied on surface water as their primary source of drinking water. Mean weight and body mass index (BMI) were significantly lower in cases than in controls. Red blood cell cholinesterase levels showed varying trends with pesticide use in both groups, but were not statistically significant. Lower educational attainment, unemployment, and abnormal BMI were significantly associated with CKDu. Other factors, such as farming, pesticide use, and water source, showed elevated odds but lacked statistical significance, suggesting a multifactorial etiology of the disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest a multifactorial etiology of CKDu, highlighting the need for further research into occupational, environmental, and socioeconomic determinants.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviving Traditional Nutrition Practices: Addressing Challenges in Take-home Ration Utilization among Women and Children in Tribal Jharkhand.","authors":"Vishal Chandra, Amit Kumar, Anupam Sarkar","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_97_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_97_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Summary: </strong>A cross-sectional study across 80 Anganwadi centres in Kolhan, Jharkhand, involving 146 participants (80 Anganwadi Workers, 27 pregnant women, and 39 lactating mothers), found that while take-home ration (THR) was universally distributed, only 42% of it was consumed exclusively by beneficiaries. Dietary shifts toward packaged foods, erosion of traditional practices, and limited THR awareness emerged as key barriers. Locally co-developed recipe books, training of 4600 Sahayikas, and live demonstrations during Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Days and Annaprashan events improved THR adoption. Findings suggest that integrating indigenous food knowledge with frontline capacity-building can enhance the effectiveness of government nutrition programs in tribal areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost Analysis of Oral Healthcare Delivery at a Primary Health Center in South India.","authors":"Adarsh K Ramesh, Susan Thomas, Antony Stanley, Vivek Narayan, Mary Shimi S Gomez","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_453_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_453_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India faces alarming oral disease rates. Kerala, despite good health indicators, lacks primary dental facilities, leading to high out-of-pocket costs for patients. Addressing spending inefficiencies through cost-reduction strategies is essential.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To study the \"cost\" of establishing and operating a dental clinic in primary health centers (PHCs) and to model scenarios for sustainability.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cost analysis from a healthcare provider perspective was conducted at a dental unit at a PHC in Kottayam. Data were collected using a bottom-up costing approach from the official records and key informants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The establishment cost was ₹1,682,415 (~20,029 United States Dollars [USD]). After accounting for ₹10,800 (~129 USD) income, the net monthly operating cost was ₹88,131.77 (~1,049 USD). The significant disparity limits efficiency, necessitating increased treatment charges and volume to enhance self-sustainability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Restructuring the existing system and optimizing expenditures are essential to address under-recovery and ensure financial sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Evaluation of \"Nursing Leadership and Management Program\" among Nursing Academicians of India.","authors":"Sonika Goel, Kritika Upadhyay, Latika Jain, Sonu Goel","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_584_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_584_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leadership and management competencies are critical in health care to ensure quality service delivery, yet they are often underemphasized in traditional nursing education.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study presents the design and evaluation of a leadership and management training program tailored for nursing professionals in India.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A mixed-methods evaluation was conducted over 3 months with 29 senior nursing professionals (Principal and Tutors) from Odisha, India. The program design was based on Mutale's logic model, integrating Kirkpatrick's learning evaluation theory and McLeroy's socio-ecological model. Participants' knowledge was assessed pre- and posttraining using a structured test, and satisfaction was measured through feedback surveys. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and paired t -tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean knowledge score significantly increased from 14 ± 4.9 to 20 ± 2.7 posttraining ( P < 0.01). Significant improvements were observed in most modules, notably Module 8; health management information system ( P < 0.001), Module 7; Monitoring and evaluation ( P = 0.001), Module 4; Leadership ( P = 0.004), and Module 2; Organizational behavior ( P = 0.005). Modules on human resource management ( P = 0.07), Communication and Advocacy ( P = 0.14), and Task Shifting ( P = 0.28) did not show statistically significant changes. Participants expressed high satisfaction with the training content, pedagogy, and delivery. Short projects undertaken during the training reflected key competencies and practical application of learning.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The training program effectively enhanced leadership and management knowledge among nursing professionals. These findings support the integration of structured leadership training within nursing education to strengthen workforce capacity and improve healthcare delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Assessment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Adults in Western Rajasthan: A Cross-sectional Survey.","authors":"Jayvardhan Singh, Mamta Nebhinani, Suresh K Sharma, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Satyaveer Rulania","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_706_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_706_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes has emerged as a major health challenge, evident by the rapid rise of cases. As per the National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5), high blood sugar levels have been reported among 13.5% of Indian women and 15.6% of Indian men. However, nearly half of the population with diabetes is estimated to be undetected, especially adults. Diabetes-related comorbidities can be prevented by detecting the high risk at an early stage through assessment and screening of this large pool of adults.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to assess the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)among the adult population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out at Jodhpur, Rajasthan, including 271 adults selected using a multistage sampling method. Data were collected through an interview schedule consisting of sociodemographic characteristics and assessment of lifestyle and behavioral, physical, and biochemical parameters. The Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IRDS) was used to assess the risk of diabetes. Data were analyzed with the help of SPSS version 25.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The adults' mean age was 40.64 ± 13.21 years, and 26.5% of them mentioned having a family history of T2DM. In this location, most adults have a moderate (40%) to high (31%) risk of developing T2DM. About 25.5% of the adults have other co-morbidities. Age, gender, education, occupation, comorbidity, family history of diabetes, history of tobacco, physical activity, and body mass index were significantly associated with an increased risk for developing diabetes ( P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A significant proportion of the adults were found to have a high-to-moderate risk. Poor lifestyle behaviors can further aggravate the situation. This calls for an urgent action plan to promote lifestyle behavior modifications and combat the ever-increasing burden of diabetes among this age group.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Partner Support in Breastfeeding Success among Mothers of Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Urmila Umasekar, Nalini Sirala Jagadeesh, Prakash Amboiram","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_67_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_67_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postpartum care and breastfeeding are crucial for the health and development of both mother and baby. The World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund advocate for exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months, supported by evidence highlighting its benefits for infants, mothers, and society. However, mothers of preterm infants face unique challenges, including medical complications, increased nutritional needs, and significant stress.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this review was to review and synthesize evidence on the role of partner support in breastfeeding success among mothers of preterm infants. The research and standard data extraction were performed in English. Identifying articles from PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane published between January 2011 and August 2024.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The articles that had the information about the role of partner support in breastfeeding among mothers of preterm infants were included. The main keywords used in the search included breastfeeding, social support, fathers, infant, premature, lactation, and mother. We summarized the information from 18 various sources including research articles, review papers, and other publications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Partner support significantly enhances breastfeeding success among mothers of preterm infants by providing emotional encouragement, practical help, and active involvement in breastfeeding. Fathers' inclusion and education improve their confidence, which strengthens maternal self-efficacy and reduces stress, ultimately promoting longer and more exclusive breastfeeding.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Partner support is pivotal in improving breastfeeding outcomes among preterm infants. Emotional support boosts maternal confidence and reduces stress, practical assistance alleviates the maternal burden, and informational support enhances breastfeeding knowledge. Tailored educational programs, support groups, and narrative healthcare training are essential for maximizing partner involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter To Editorial: The Rising Tide of Prehypertension and Obesity in Rural India: A Nuanced Look at Cardiometabolic Risk Transition.","authors":"Sindhu Nila, Aditi A Apte, Yogeshwar V Kalkonde, Dhiraj M Agarwal, Sanjay K Juvekar","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_234_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_234_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rising Tide of Prehypertension and Obesity in Rural India: A Nuanced Look at Cardiometabolic Risk Transition.","authors":"Akhil R Nair","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_1051_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_1051_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonotic Implication of Geohelminths in Soil: A Special Emphasis on Molecular Occurrence of Hookworm in Urban Community.","authors":"Vijayashanthi Ramalingam, Raman Muthusamy","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_91_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_91_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections is the most predominant hookworm infection in humans, especially in developing countries with low socio-economic status with conducive environmental factors. Eggs of STH that are shed in the feces can eventually contaminate the ground, and people become infected with hookworm infective larvae while walking barefoot on contaminated soil.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study aimed to identify the zoonotic implications of canine gastrointestinal parasitic stages occurring in the soil in high human and animal activity zones of Chennai, Tamil Nadu.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Microscopic examination of 242 soil samples collected from various ecological risk-prone areas of STH in Chennai using the flotation technique with saturated sodium nitrate solution. The species of hookworm was identified using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region-specific primers through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microscopic analysis revealed Toxocara sp. was the most prevalent (10.74%), followed by hookworm (6.19%) and lowest of Taenia sp. (1.24%). Playgrounds showed very high geohelminth contamination (94.12 %), especially with Toxocara sp. (41.18 %), followed by hookworms (6.19 %). Nevertheless, public parks showed the lowest rate of geohelminth contamination (13.3 %). The ITS-region-specific molecular technique revealed 93.33% positivity for mono-specific Ancylostoma caninum .</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlighted the playgrounds as an ideal hotspot for most of the zoonotic geohelminths, indicating the prevailing poor sanitary conditions and lack of stringent control measures on canine zoonotic parasitic infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and Mental Health: A Cross-sectional Study on Mental Health Status of Healthcare Service Providers Working in COVID-19 Wards of Selected Government Hospitals in Kolkata.","authors":"Prince Kerketta, Mausumi Basu, Kuntala Ray, Arup Chakraborty, Anima Haldar","doi":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_358_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijph.ijph_358_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant mental health challenges to the Healthcare Service Providers (HSPs), causing a tremendous impact on the psychological, economical, and social well-being.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study focuses on evaluating the mental health status of HSPs working in COVID-19 wards of government hospitals in Kolkata.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted for 2 years (2020-2022) on 590 HSPs of selected government hospitals in Kolkata, selected by two-stage random sampling, to assess the level of mental health status (anxiety, stress, and depression), using an interview schedule, comprising \"Generalized Anxiety disorder-7 scale,\" \"Perceived stress scale,\" and \"Patient's Health questionnaire-9.\" Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied as applicable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants, 46.8% belonged to the age group of 25-34 years and almost 55% comprised males. About 58.4% of HSPs were doctors, out of which 33% were postgraduate trainees. Almost 58.0% were working in COVID-19 wards of government hospitals were having mild-to-moderate/severe anxiety, 63% of them were having moderate stress, followed by low and high stress. Doctors or nurses by occupation, and maintaining a high socioeconomic status had higher odds of suffering from moderate anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>More than half of the HSPs working in COVID-19 wards of government hospitals had mild-to-severe anxiety, whereas housekeeping staff and nursing staffs had high levels of anxiety as compared to doctors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13298,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}