{"title":"Getting to grips with jitter","authors":"Andrew Wilson","doi":"10.1049/ESS:20070208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ESS:20070208","url":null,"abstract":"The word 'jitter' in the communications context has come to mean any random or periodic variation in timing of a regular event from its intended or nominal timing. On the one hand, jitter can refer to arrival time variations for IP packets, or, on the other, to variations on clock signals in digital systems, as well as many other things. A big problem with jitter is just measuring it.","PeriodicalId":132835,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Systems and Software","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133930711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Closer to the edge","authors":"R. Joshi","doi":"10.1049/ESS:20070202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ESS:20070202","url":null,"abstract":"The next generation of distributed systems will be loosely-coupled systems that: support incremental and independent development, and are tolerant of interface changes; can systematically deal with impedance mismatches; and work well in dynamically changing realtime situations; and can scale in complexity while delivering the required real-time performance. Popular architectural styles, including data flow architecture, event driven architecture and service-oriented architecture, can be regarded as special cases, by the appropriate assignment of roles and choice of quality of service in the interfaces between components. Data-oriented application architecture coupled with an appropriate standards based messaging software bus such as DDS can cut down the complexity of the integration problem from O(N*N) to O(N), while preserving loose-coupling and ensuring scalability. Having readily available middleware infrastructure bridges for popular application platform components can greatly boost productivity and the pace of integration.","PeriodicalId":132835,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Systems and Software","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133825704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanometre technology's impact on design signoff","authors":"J. Brunet, B. Graupp","doi":"10.1049/ESS:20070206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ESS:20070206","url":null,"abstract":"The move to smaller geometries continues its relentless march. Although it allows for higher transistor counts, nanometre scaling has the potential to severely inhibit the path to achieve sustainable yield. To address the challenges of moving to smaller and smaller nanometre technologies there must be an overhaul in how designs are created and manufactured. As more design starts shift to 130nm and below, the use of resolution enhancement technology (RET) is becoming quite prevalent and well understood. Next-generation RET technology will make the 45nm designs printable but comes at the cost of more complex models and correction techniques that can deal with variations across the process window.","PeriodicalId":132835,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Systems and Software","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114615963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The big turn-off","authors":"C. Edwards","doi":"10.1049/ESS:20070204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ESS:20070204","url":null,"abstract":"The EU member states bring into force laws that comply with the energy-using products (EuP) directive. Laws based on the directive mean designers will soon have to account for how much power their products will draw. It is a wide-ranging directive that covers not just how much energy is used while pieces of electronics are in use, but how much energy is needed to make them. However, one of the biggest effects the directive is likely to have is to focus attention on the energy wasted by products sitting in standby mode, when they are doing little more than waiting for a ping from a remote control or for something to be charged.","PeriodicalId":132835,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Systems and Software","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129392591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The 8bit strikes back","authors":"C. Edwards","doi":"10.1049/ESS:20070207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ESS:20070207","url":null,"abstract":"The makers of 32bit microcontrollers are looking to steal business away from the 8 and 16bit markets, using more advanced processes to compete on price. But the 8bit makers are trying to fight back by giving their slower cores a helping hand. Prices on 32bit microcontrollers have dropped dramatically over the past few years as vendors try to encourage designers to migrate to their cores from 8 and 16bit architectures that have run out of steam, either in terms of memory or performance. But the 8bit architectures are fighting back, adding specialised coprocessors and accelerators so they can slug it out with higher-spec parts.","PeriodicalId":132835,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Systems and Software","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114828799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The big hook up [High-definition multimedia interface connectors]","authors":"L. Collins","doi":"10.1049/ESS:20070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ESS:20070101","url":null,"abstract":"The consumer electronics industry has found its success is all about connections. One of the biggest challenges at the moment is the sheer quantity of data that the more realistic digital video and console games systems produce. A high-definition TV datastream compressed for broadcast takes 19Mbit/s, while the data rate off a Blu-ray disc is 48Mbit/s. Once uncompressed, the datarates balloon. Version 1.2 of the high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) standard, which defines the cable that connects a high-definition source such as a Blu-ray player to a display, carries 4.9Gbit/s. The HDMI 1.3 specification, which has just launched, offers 10.2Gbit/s of bandwidth, to support a 48bit rather than 24bit colour gamut, better audio, and better synchronisation between audio and video. The HDMI connector highlights another issue for designers, and particularly for those involved in developing connection systems that may become part of a standard. HDMI includes the Intel-derived high-definition copy protection (HDCP) scheme, which ensures that high-quality content is protected from source to screen.","PeriodicalId":132835,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Systems and Software","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116858783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The soft machines [FPGA]","authors":"C. Edwards","doi":"10.1049/ESS:20070105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ESS:20070105","url":null,"abstract":"The decision by PC processor makers to forge connections to FPGA accelerators has opened up a market for embedded-compute engines styled as appliance, and programmable logic may end up being a core part of the PC itself. It's rarely a good idea to bet against programmability. The trend has always been towards more flexible, reusable, programmable systems. That means that, over time, processors generally win out. But problems with power consumption, particularly on multi-gigahertz, PC-class processors, means that there is no longer an easy option for performance improvements in software. It has to be split up and run on parallel elements.","PeriodicalId":132835,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Systems and Software","volume":"88 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133650746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast track to power talks","authors":"C. Edwards","doi":"10.1049/ESS:20070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ESS:20070104","url":null,"abstract":"The need to prevent power-saving techniques from tripping up chip designers has led to an unprecedented level of cooperation among the design-tool vendors and their users. But there is still potential for conflict. If there is a word associated with `standards', it's not normally `fast'. All too often, sorely needed technology standards proceed at a pace that can see them outmaneuvered by tectonic plates. Infighting leads to delays until some companies break ranks and try to create a de facto standard or the filibusters finally work out that they are losing sales from the delay. When it comes to a standard that will let chip designers express how their creations will handle power-saving modes, we may be in for something of a record. Not just one but two specifications will be ready in a matter of weeks and there may even be enough willingness among tools vendors to work together that those two specifications will merge into single recognised standard.","PeriodicalId":132835,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Systems and Software","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122153545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mixed signals [Zigbee]","authors":"P. Ling","doi":"10.1049/ESS:20070106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ESS:20070106","url":null,"abstract":"We are now - if the vendors involved are to be believed - living in the age of ZigBee. Like Bluetooth, it mainly operates in the licence-exempt industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band around 2.4GHz. Unlike Bluetooth, which is predominantly used for wireless headsets, it is intended for short range data communications between `intelligent' devices. This puts in firmly in the industrial and commercial sector, as opposed to Bluetooth which now sits almost exclusively in the consumer space. The focus on industrial and not consumer applications means ZigBee faces a difficult challenge; it needs to offer the performance demanded by industrial and commercial applications, but with a competitively low price tag when compared to existing proprietary implementations - both wired and wireless - in a highly fragmented marketplace.","PeriodicalId":132835,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Systems and Software","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130370154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shared future - Eclipse makes it easier to move between embedded operating systems and target platforms","authors":"R. Day","doi":"10.1049/ess:20070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ess:20070103","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, a change in embedded operating system or processor generally meant that the embedded software engineer had to change the whole development environment too. Now, the embedded software developer has a new opportunity to standardise on an environment that will offer a new level of consistency across different embedded software environments - it's called Eclipse. Eclipse is not an embedded environment. It is a platform that allows companies to plug in their own tools using a standard mechanism and offers a standard user interface. How the tool works and what the tool does may well vary from processor to processor or operating system to operating system, but the IDE stays the same. And the general look and feel with be very similar.","PeriodicalId":132835,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Systems and Software","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131421162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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