IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience最新文献

{"title":"Investigating Effect of Dimensional Variance on Separation of Glomerular Ultrafiltrate in a Microfluidic Environment.","authors":"Bhagyashree Saud, Koushik Guha, Sergei Selishchev, Boris Putrya, Pratim Sengupta, Arindam Dutta, Chinmay Hazra","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3706797","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3706797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the impact of microchannel geometrical parameters on the separation of glomerular ultrafiltrate in a non-cell-based microfluidic device. The analysis focuses on the device's ability to selectively separate plasma from other blood components, considering parameters such as the radius of curvature at the channel junction, the side channel angle, and the membrane pore shape. Among the configurations tested, a channel junction with radii of curvature Rc1=5 μm and Rc2=0 μm achieved the highest separation efficiency. A straight, perpendicular side channel outperformed other angular variations, while cylindrical membrane pores promoted laminar flow with minimal turbulence and shear stress, enhancing ultrafiltrate separation. The glomerular filtration fraction was observed to be around 20%, closely matching values reported for the human glomerulus under whole blood conditions. The proposed device functions as a glomerular ultrafiltration unit and can potentially be integrated with other modules to develop a complete artificial kidney. This numerical study provides insights into key microchannel design parameters that influence separation efficiency. Moreover, as the device does not rely on cultured cells, it is expected to have a longer operational lifespan and reduced maintenance costs by eliminating the need for cell cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148316973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of multifunctional ZnFe₂O₄-MWCNT-Cellulose acetate nanocomposite for peroxidase enzyme immobilization.","authors":"Abdullah N Alotaibi, Ibrahim O Althobaiti, Yaaser Q Almulaiky","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3705324","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3705324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, a multifunctional nanocomposite was developed through a green synthesis route using Dolomiaea costus extract to produce ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles, which were subsequently integrated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cellulose acetate (CA) to form a stable ZnFe₂O₄-MWCNT-CA matrix for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilization. The eco-friendly synthesis avoided toxic precursors by employing plant-derived biomolecules as natural reducing and stabilizing agents. Structural and morphological analyses revealed characteristic XRD reflections of cubic spinel ZnFe₂O₄ at 2θ ≈ 30.4°, 35.4°, 54.1°, 56.6°, and 62.2°, along with graphitic carbon peaks at 24.1° and 42.8°, confirming the successful integration of ZnFe₂O₄ and MWCNTs within the cellulose acetate matrix. FTIR spectra showed metal-oxygen vibrations at 565 cm⁻¹, cellulose acetate bands at 1735 and 1040-1240 cm⁻¹, and amide bands after immobilization, while SEM-EDX confirmed a porous interconnected morphology and the presence of C, O, Fe, and Zn as the main elements. The immobilized HRP exhibited an immobilization efficiency of 82%, a 0.5-unit alkaline shift in optimum pH (7.0 to 7.5), and an enhanced optimum temperature (50 to 60 °C) compared with the free enzyme. Kinetic analysis revealed an increased apparent Km (4.6 to 10.6 mM) and Vmax (20 to 30 μmol min⁻¹), indicating reduced substrate affinity but improved catalytic turnover after immobilization. The immobilized enzyme maintained 81% activity after ten reuse cycles and retained 71% activity after 57 days of storage, outperforming comparable magnetic or carbon-based supports. These results demonstrate that the green-synthesized ZnFe₂O₄-MWCNT-CA hybrid is a robust, recyclable, and eco-compatible platform for enzyme immobilization, offering significant promise for biocatalysis, pollutant degradation, and industrial wastewater treatment applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148277280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IoT-Enabled SnO₂-Based Humidity Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring in Neonatal Incubators.","authors":"Poundoss Chellamuthu, Kirubaveni Savarimuthu, Gulam Nabi Alsath Mohammed, Biancaa Ramesh","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3700906","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3700906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research presents the development and optimization of a Tin Oxide (SnO₂)-based resistive humidity sensor for accurate monitoring in incubator systems. SnO₂ nanomaterials were synthesized using hydrothermal synthesis technique, followed by comprehensive characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), current-voltage (J-V) analysis, ultravioletvisible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The best-performing sensor exhibited a flower-like nanostructure with a response time of 18 s, a recovery time of 14 s, and a sensitivity of 72.4%. The sensor functioned effectively within the required incubator humidity range of 40-60% relative humidity (RH) and demonstrated superior performance compared to the commercial DHT11 sensor. To ensure accuracy and reliability, machine learning algorithms were applied to estimate error and validate the correctness of the sensed humidity data. The optimized SnO₂ sensor was integrated into an incubator system, with real-time data transmission enabled through an Internet of Things (IoT) platform. These findings highlight the potential of SnO₂-based sensors for high-precision humidity monitoring in biomedical applications, particularly for neonatal care where stable humidity levels are critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148204719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrokinetic and Antibiofilm Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Combined with Imipenem Against multidrug-resistant of Klebsiella pneumoniae.","authors":"Inglid Fontoura, Maiara Lima Castilho","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3699974","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3699974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance has been recognized as a global public health problem, contributing to high rates of morbidity, mortality and costs associated with infectious diseases. In 2024, the World Health Organization identified carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) as the pathogen of greatest importance for research and development of new drugs. In this context, the work analyzes the association of silver nanoparticles with the carbapenem antibiotic Imipenem (IPM) in a multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolate of K. pneumoniae, in comparison to susceptible isolate. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the bottom-up method and characterized through UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out on planktonic cells and biofilms. The pH, zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility analysis of the bacteria and antimicrobials was carried out at concentrations identical to those used in the antimicrobial susceptibility assay, aiming to understand the mechanism of internalization and synergistic potentiation. The combination of imipenem (IPM) and AgNPs exhibited an inhibitory effect on planktonic cells and biofilms of the MDR clinical isolate of K. pneumoniae. The surfaces of the bacterial isolates and antimicrobials displayed a negative surface charge. From these results and insights into bacterial electrokinetics, an anionic influx of the antimicrobials through the porin channels can be proposed, leading to increased permeability. The association of silver nanoparticles with IPM was shown to restore the efficacy of the carbapenem antibiotic against MDR K. pneumoniae.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148156436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-inspired Optofluidic Molecular Communication with Photothermally Actuated Microrobot Swarms.","authors":"Shuai Wu, Lei Zhang, Xihang Cai, Zhichao Wang, Xuan Chen, Yu Huang, Miaowen Wen, Tingting Yu","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3698265","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3698265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular communication (MC) offers a bio-inspired paradigm for information transfer in environments inaccessible to conventional electromagnetic waves. However, translating MC concepts to the microscale has been hampered by a lack of integrated, biocompatible testbeds. Inspired by biological spectral-dependent photothermal transduction of specific light wavelengths into thermal energy, we present the first fully integrated microscopic MC platform utilizing photothermally responsive microrobot swarms. Our platform employs core-shell microrobots that exhibit a strong photothermal response, enabling precise and non-invasive navigation within microfluidic channels via near-infrared (NIR) light. This optofluidic architecture facilitates a symbiotic dual-bit encoding scheme, which concurrently modulates information onto both microrobot arrival and the optical control states. We demonstrate a complete communication workflow, from microrobot emission and laser-guided modulation to real-time optical detection and signal demodulation. The system achieves a data rate of 0.63 bits · min^-1 with a low bit error rate of 4%, validated by a multi-sampling detection algorithm and the transmission of the ASCII string \"HELLO WORLD\". This work provides a robust testbed for validating MC theories in biologically relevant microenvironments and serves as a step toward applications in the Internet of Bio-Nano Things.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148054280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glutameter- A pre-diagnostic biosensor to detect L-glutamine in cancer.","authors":"Gopikasri Manoharan, Ratan Kumar Chaudhary, M Muthu Meenakshi, V V R Sai, Swathi Sudhakar","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3686680","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3686680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>L-glutamine's role in cancer metabolism makes it a more versatile biomarker for cancer detection. A plasmonic fiberoptic absorption biosensor (P-FAB), an emerging technology that utilizes a compact U-shaped optical fiber with an enhanced evanescent field and plasmonic labels to give rise to an ultra-high analyte detection sensitivity, was employed to detect L-Glutamine (L-Gln) as a biomarker using a competitive immunoassay for early cancer detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anchoring MoO3 on Magnetic Nickel Ferrite: A Sustainable Green Nanocatalyst in Conjunction With UV Light Irradiation Toward Efficient Degradation of Penicillin G in Water Environments","authors":"E. Derakhshani;A. Naghizadeh","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3636022","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3636022","url":null,"abstract":"Photocatalytic decomposition has attracted much attention due to its great potential in removing antibiotics from aqueous solutions. The aim of this study is to evaluate photocatalytic degradation for the destruction of the antibiotic penicillin G, which is widely used in human and veterinary medicine, in aqueous solutions. This study utilized a NiFe₂O₄@MoO₃ nanocomposite, synthesized via a green method using Pulicaria Gnaphalodes extract, for the photocatalytic degradation of penicillin G in aqueous solutions. Analysis of XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, VSM, DLS, and EDX-mapping confirmed successful synthesis of the nanocomposite with a size below 100 nm. Various parameters such as pH, catalyst dosage, penicillin G concentration, and contact time were optimized to enhance the efficiency of the NiFe₂O₄@MoO₃ nanocomposite in removing penicillin G. About 68% of penicillin G was decomposed under optimal conditions (pH = 9, nanocomposite dose: 0.8 g/L and penicillin G concentration: 10 mg/L). The results suggest that the photocatalytic process using the NiFe₂O₄@MoO₃ nanocomposite is a promising method for the removal of penicillin G antibiotics from water.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 2","pages":"141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145603600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gold Nanoparticle Coating Reduces Acoustic Pressure Threshold for Perfluorohexane Nanodroplet Vaporization: Potential Mechanisms and Therapy Implications","authors":"Nishita Mistry;Ruchika Dhawan;Manu K. S.;Himanshu Shekhar;Karla P. Mercado-Shekhar","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3644373","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3644373","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound-induced vaporization of perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanodroplets can be used for triggered drug delivery. Nanodroplets of perfluorobutane (PFB) and perfluoropentane (PFP) can vaporize spontaneously at physiological temperature, which can cause off-target effects. Using high-boiling-point PFCs, such as perfluorohexane (PFH), can overcome this limitation. However, PFH requires higher peak negative pressures for vaporization, making its <italic>in vivo</i> use challenging. We investigated the feasibility of reducing the vaporization pressure threshold by gold-coating lipid-encapsulated PFH nanodroplets (Au-PFH-ND). We synthesized PFH nanodroplets, and the gold-coating was confirmed by UV-visible spectra. The mass of gold per nanodroplet was <inline-formula> <tex-math>${5}.{12}times {10}^{-{4}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pg. The size distribution peaked at 200 nm and had a mean concentration of <inline-formula> <tex-math>${2}times {10}^{{10}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> droplets/ml. Au-PFH-ND demonstrated excellent stability over 8 weeks. Ultrasound imaging <italic>in vitro</i> was used to determine the pressure threshold for nanodroplet vaporization upon exposure to 2 MHz ultrasound. The vaporization threshold for Au-PFH-ND (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$3.29~pm ~0.93$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MPa) was significantly lower than uncoated PFH nanodroplets (PFH-ND, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$6.19~pm ~1.25$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MPa). Au-PFH-ND had a similar pressure threshold to uncoated PFP nanodroplets (PFP-ND, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.81~pm ~1.08$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MPa). These findings show that the Au-PFH-ND can be vaporized at a similar ultrasound pressure as PFP-ND. Increasing pulse duration from 2 to 60 cycles enhanced vaporization of Au-PFH-ND, demonstrating the dominant role of a thermal mechanism. Even when accounting for the total ultrasound on-time and effective peak negative pressure, longer bursts (i.e., more cycles per burst) were more effective in inducing vaporization, consistent with the role of localized heating around the gold coating rather than a purely probabilistic effect. Additionally, inertial and stable cavitation emissions were quantified. Au-PFH-ND exhibited a marginally lower inertial cavitation threshold and similar second harmonic emissions than PFH-ND, suggesting that cavitation could also have played a role in reducing the pressure threshold. These findings are a step towards employing gold-coated PFC nanodroplets for multimodal drug delivery.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 2","pages":"222-231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HEMT-Based Wearable Biosensors for Noninvasive Health Monitoring and AI-Driven Diagnostics: A Review","authors":"Chumki Das;Kaushik Mazumdar","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3639676","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3639676","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable biosensors based on high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology are revolutionizing healthcare by enabling real-time, noninvasive monitoring of physiological parameters via biochemical markers present in biofluids like sweat, tears, saliva, and interstitial fluid. The exceptional properties of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, such as high sensitivity, excellent biocompatibility, and superior thermal resilience, make them perfect for flexible, skin-friendly wearable sensor devices. Advancements in electrochemical sensing technologies have noticeably enhanced the ability to detect various biomarkers, such as metabolites, bacteria, and hormones. These innovations are further enhanced by integrating microfluidic systems, flexible materials, and miniaturized components, which increase the comfort and efficiency of wearable devices. Clinical implementation and large-scale analyses are necessary to establish the capability and stability of these devices. The expanding reach of artificial intelligence (AI) is boosting the adoption of wearable biosensors, enabling data transmission through wireless communication technologies. AI is increasingly being used to analyze physiological data, providing users with personalized health insights. This paper reviews the recent advancements in wearable biosensor technology, providing its potential to enhance personalized healthcare and addressing current challenges of these devices that hinder their wider adoption and practical implementation.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 2","pages":"150-159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145668220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necrosis-Dominated Killing of Melanoma Cells by Microsecond Pulsed Magnetic Fields and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles via Cytoskeletal and Membrane Damage","authors":"Wei Zheng;Mengnan Zhang;Chi Ma;Yan Mi","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3641190","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3641190","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetomechanical therapy (MMT), an emerging and promising physical modality for cancer treatment, holds significant potential in oncology. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms underlying its cytotoxic effects and the specific cellular targets involved, particularly in the context of pulsed magnetic fields (PMFs), remain incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of microsecond pulsed magnetic fields (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> s-PMFs) combined with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in A375 melanoma cells. Cell apoptosis and necrosis were quantified using YO-PRO-1/propidium iodide (PI) double staining to evaluate both treatment effectiveness and the predominant mode of cell death. In addition, fluorescent labeling of the cytoskeleton, cell membrane, and lysosomes with specific fluorophores was performed to identify the primary cellular structures affected by magnetic forces during treatment. The results demonstrated that MMT significantly reduced A375 cell viability, achieving an overall cell death rate of 61.16%. Notably, necrosis was identified as the predominant mode of cell death, accounting for 52.38% of total cell mortality. Furthermore, the cell membrane, cytoskeleton, and lysosomes were determined to be major cellular targets of magnetomechanical disruption. These findings provide critical insights into the cellular mechanisms of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> s-PMF induced MMT and support its continued development toward clinical translation as a novel anti-tumor strategy.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 2","pages":"182-190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145708110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}