HIV Research & Clinical Practice最新文献

{"title":"Inflammatory arthritis in people living with HIV on anti-retroviral therapy in a high burden setting in South Africa.","authors":"Neeta Patel, Anil Chuturgoon, Girish Mahasukhlal Mody","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2600819","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2600819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved outcomes for individuals living with HIV, who may develop chronic co-morbidities, including inflammatory arthritis (IA).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to a) determine the spectrum of new-onset IA in people living with HIV on ART and b) compare the presentation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in virally suppressed people with HIV with HIV-negative RA controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled people living with HIV on ART presenting with new-onset IA and recorded their medical history, clinical findings, disease activity, and laboratory results. The disease activity measures in virally suppressed people living with HIV with RA were compared to HIV-negative RA controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study comprised 57 people living with HIV with IA, of whom 45 (78.9%) had suppressed viral loads at presentation. These 45 patients comprised 24 (53.3%) with HIV-RA, 2 (4.4%) with spondyloarthritis (SpA) and the remaining 19 (42.2%) included 12 with undifferentiated polyarthritis (UPA) and 7 with undifferentiated oligoarthritis (UOA), The 12 people living with HIV who were not virally suppressed, included 5 UPA, 3 HIV-RA, and 4 SpA. Comparison of virally suppressed patients with new-onset RA and HIV-negative RA controls showed no differences in the Clinical Disease Activity Index, Simplified Disease Activity Index, or their components.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When people living with HIV under clinical care develop IA, they may be referred earlier with UPA or UOA. SpA is uncommon due to the low frequency of the HLA-B27 allele. The disease activity of RA in people living with HIV is like RA in HIV-negative people.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"26 1","pages":"2600819"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145722671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among peri-urban mothers living with and without HIV in Lesotho.","authors":"Mothusi Nyofane, Liekolo Makhetha, Lieketseng Moeno, Phumudzo Tshiambara","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2598187","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2598187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breastfeeding is lifesaving against child malnutrition, yet exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates remain low, particularly among mothers with HIV.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We compared the prevalence of EBF between mothers with and without HIV and explored factors associated with breastfeeding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional design was used to investigate 151 mother-child dyads; mothers with HIV (<i>n</i> = 73) and without HIV: (<i>n</i> = 78). Structured and previously used questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and breastfeeding practices data of mothers of children aged 6-12 months, during routine postnatal care at selected primary healthcare facilities in Maseru.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All mothers had similar sociodemographic characteristics, with EBF prevalence of 40.4%. Mothers with HIV had lower rates of EBF than their counterparts (28.8% vs. 51.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.005), despite 98.6% achieving viral suppression. Most mothers with HIV introduced complementary feeding as early as 1-3 months (19.2% vs. 9.0%) and above half of them started giving solid foods from 4-5 months (52.1% vs. 39.7%); <i>p</i> = 0.012). Above a quarter of all mothers received EBF support from healthcare facility, spouse and other family members. Only 40.4% of mothers were encouraged to EBF, while 70.9% believed that breastmilk is sufficient during first six months, and a strong positive correlation was found between EBF and mothers' beliefs (mother with HIV: r = 0.5, <i>p</i> < 0.001; mothers without HIV, r = 0.4; <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite ongoing efforts to promote breastfeeding among mothers with HIV, EBF rates remain low, regardless suppressed viral loads. The belief in breastmilk adequacy during first six months was a key determinant of EBF, underscoring need for targeted education on breastmilk composition and sufficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"26 1","pages":"2598187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145742458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol use disorder, antiretroviral therapyBivariate associations of AIDS risk (measured via CD4 count) and mean adherence, and oral health in Peruvian MSM living with HIV.","authors":"Yan Wang, Janni J Kinsler, Frederick L Altice, Marco Antonio Alarcón, Eraldo Pesaressi, Ana Lucía Seminario","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2588013","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2588013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Peru, the HIV epidemic is primarily concentrated among men who have sex with men (MSM), with an estimated prevalence exceeding 10%. This study aimed to assess the interaction between alcohol use and suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on AIDS risk and oral health among Peruvian MSM living with HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 398 MSM living with HIV from two urban HIV treatment clinics in Lima. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) was assessed using the standard Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). ART adherence was self-reported. AIDS risk was defined as a history of having a CD4 count below 200 cells/mm ³ . A joint model was used to estimate the association between AIDS risk and oral conditions. Independent variables included alcohol consumption (binge drink and heavy use), suboptimal ART adherence (not 100% use), and their interaction, controlling for age and education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost 53% of MSM reported that they had ever had a CD4 count lower than 200 cells/mm ³ , and 38% reported that they were not 100% adherent to ART in the past month. Additionally, 42% reported being at a hazardous or harmful level of AUD risk, with 78% being binge drinkers and 12% heavy drinkers. The interactions in the joint model indicated that suboptimal ART adherence and binge drinking are associated with an increased risk of developing AIDS (<i>p</i> = 0.0287), while suboptimal ART adherence and heavy drinking are associated with an increased number of self-reported oral diseases (<i>p</i> = 0.0231). This association also holds when modeling the two outcomes separately.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Interaction of suboptimal ART adherence and AUD is strongly associated with increased risk of AIDS and poor oral health among Peruvian MSM with HIV. Our findings support the need for longitudinal studies to better understand the complexity of alcohol consumption, ART adherence, AIDS risk, and oral diseases in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"26 1","pages":"2588013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145563623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute kidney and liver injury requiring hemodialysis following cathinone use in a person with HIV.","authors":"Lucia Federica Stefanelli, Dorella Del Prete, Leda Cattarin, Elena Naso, Maria Loreta De Giorgi, Elena Sgrò, Ludovica Brunetta, Francesca Katiana Martino, Annamaria Cattelan, Federico Nalesso, Maria Mazzitelli","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2588012","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2588012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chemsex drugs are psychoactive substances used to facilitate and enhance sexual activity. Their use is frequent among men who have sex with men (MSM). Synthetic cathinones have been the most common drugs recently used in chemsex practice. After their intake, the clinical spectrum may include tachycardia, hypertension, hallucinations, seizures, hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis with resulting nephrotoxicity, and potentially life-threatening multiorgan failure.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Here, we report the case of a gentleman with HIV who came to observe severe rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI) following the use of Khat.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights that clinicians need to be vigilant about the adverse effects of synthetic cathinones used in the context of chemsex as a possible cause of AKI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of AKI caused by cathinone toxicity successfully treated in Italy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"26 1","pages":"2588012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145603868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of analytical treatment interruptions on sexual behaviors: a mixed-methods longitudinal study of women enrolled in an HIV cure-related trial in Durban, South Africa.","authors":"Karine Dubé, Mzwakhe Wiseman Ngcobo, Ali Ahmed, Maryam Hussain, Ntombifuthi Langa, Ayanda Zulu, Luyanda Maphalala, Vanessa Pillay, Maud Mthembu, Fang Wan, Whitney Tran, Rachel Lau, Jamila K Stockman, Thumbi Ndung'u, Krista L Dong","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2599070","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2599070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs) are increasingly used in HIV cure-related trials to assess intervention efficacy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the impact of participation in ATI-inclusive trials on sexual behaviors and transmission risks among women in Durban, South Africa, and to develop recommendations for safer trial design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2022-2025, we conducted a mixed-methods socio-behavioral study embedded within a Phase 2A ATI-inclusive HIV cure-related trial. Nineteen participants completed surveys at four trial timepoints, baseline (T1), pre-ATI (T2), post-ATI (T3), and end of trial (T4), and in-depth interviews at the first three (T1-T3). We summarized quantitative data using medians and percentages and used the Theory of Planned Behavior to analyze the qualitative data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants had strong intentions toward HIV prevention; however, behaviors were inconsistently enacted during the trial. Condom use was highest during the ATI; however, 40% of participants reported never using condoms. Abstinence was not considered an acceptable option within relationships. Disclosure of HIV and ATI participation facilitated prevention behavior but was undermined by HIV-related stigma, while non-disclosure and new sexual behaviors created relationship instability. Prevention was supported by trial staff's responsiveness and close monitoring, which helped build participants' trust.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For ATI-inclusive trials to reduce HIV transmission risk and social harms, investigators must understand contextual barriers perceived by participants who are expected to enact protective behaviors. Adaptive trial designs that incorporate participant-centered behavioral support, monitor and address emergent harms and facilitate prevention through access to HIV testing and PrEP for partners, must align with participants' evolving realities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"26 1","pages":"2599070"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12784223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145714122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of longitudinal assessment of plasma biomarkers to predict cardiovascular disease in people with HIV.","authors":"Janine M Trevillyan, Sue J Lee, Sidra A Ali, Ari S Mushin, Elizabeth E Gardiner, Anna C Hearps, Jennifer F Hoy","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2599069","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2599069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Predicting which people with HIV are at risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) would facilitate the targeted use of preventative strategies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This project investigated novel biomarkers of CAD and determined the longitudinal pattern of change approaching CAD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective single-centre case‒control study of samples from people with HIV and with CAD (cases, <i>n</i> = 64) matched by age (±5 years) and sex with people with HIV without CAD (<i>n</i> = 63). Demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and HIV characteristics were collected. The samples were analysed immediately before and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months prior to CAD. The biomarkers measured included soluble CD14, lipopolysaccharide binding protein [LBP], C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein [hsCRP], interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1RA], interleukin-6 [IL-6], D-dimer, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and soluble glycoprotein VI. Analyses were adjusted for the presence of HIV viraemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immediately prior to CAD diagnosis, cases had higher D-dimer, hsCRP and, IL-6. Twelve months prior to the event, the only biomarker with a significant difference was IL-6 (2.4 pg/mL [1.6, 3.4] compared with 1.8 pg/mL [1.1, 33]). LBP, IL-1RA, D-dimer, hsCRP, and IL-6 demonstrated statistically significant increases in cases compared with controls 12 months prior to CAD, but all were stable in the period before this. Inflammatory biomarkers were strongly correlated and correlated with markers of HIV control (CD4 cell count and HIV VL).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IL-6, hsCRP, and D-dimer were associated with CAD and increased in the 12 months prior to the event. Further work is needed to determine whether an increase in these biomarkers could be used to prompt further investigation for CAD in people with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"26 1","pages":"2599069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145751837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of the ambulatory diagnosis and treatment of seborrheic dermatitis in PWH in a regional healthcare system.","authors":"David Perez, Seble G Kassaye, Carly Herbert, Deniz Ozisik, Aniket Kini, Adam Visconti","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2491891","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2491891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Seborrheic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition which disproportionately impacts persons with HIV (PWH). Non-dermatologists, including primary care and HIV clinicians, are often the first providers to diagnose and manage inflammatory dermatoses. Data is lacking regarding the quality of management of such common dermatoses by non-dermatologist compared to dermatologic specialists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the treatment of and referral patterns for seborrheic dermatitis relative to accepted standards of care among outpatient dermatologists and non-dermatologists in a regional healthcare system. Using a cross-sectional design, we analyzed a random sample of 100 persons 18 years or older with a diagnosis of HIV and more than one visit to a regional primary care or HIV clinician with an ICD code for treatment of seborrheic dermatitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seborrheic dermatitis was the most common specific inflammatory dermatosis among PWH in the healthcare system. Non-dermatologists were significantly more likely to prescribe one medication compared to dermatologists (62.2% vs. 50.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.05). 28.9% of persons initially diagnosed by a non-dermatologist were referred to a dermatology specialist. When considering immediate initiation of treatment as optimal management, 33/45 (73.3%) of non-dermatologists had optimal management compared with 53/55 (96.4%) of dermatologists (<i>p</i> < 0.01). However, when considering referral as optimal management, then 86.7% of patients initially diagnosed by non-dermatologists were optimally managed.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Seborrheic dermatitis remains a common issue among PWH in a multispeciality ambulatory setting. Non-dermatologists appear significantly less likely to provide optimal initial management which may affect quality of life given potential for delayed treatment in settings with limited specialists. Additional training should be provided to non-dermatologists to facilitate appropriate treatment of common inflammatory dermatological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"26 1","pages":"2491891"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness of organ donation among people living with HIV in Canada: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Julia Nicholds, Michael Dans, Jonathan B Angel","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2555114","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2555114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have significantly increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV, shifting the clinical focus from AIDS-related complications to the management of chronic conditions common in aging populations. Organ donation by people living with HIV has emerged as a promising option to address the growing need for transplants among this population. Although Canadian policies have permitted this practice under 'exceptional medical circumstances' for almost a decade, no Canadian studies have assessed how aware people living with HIV are of this.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 200 people living with HIV attending a single HIV clinic in Ottawa, Canada. Participants completed a questionnaire featuring 10 close-ended questions assessing awareness of organ donation options (transplant, education, research) and five demographic and HIV status questions at the end. Additional sociodemographic and clinical data were gathered <i>via</i> chart review, and chi-square tests were used to analyse the associations between participants' characteristics and their knowledge of organ donation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 20.6% (<i>n</i> = 41) of respondents were aware that people living with HIV could donate organs for transplantation, 39.0% (<i>n</i> = 78) knew of the possibility of donation for educational purposes, and 32.8% (<i>n</i> = 65) recognized their ability to donate for research purposes. Awareness was strongly correlated with the likelihood of being registered as an organ donor: 20.5% of those who knew about the transplantation option were registered donors, versus 7.4% of those who were unaware.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings revealed a general lack of awareness among Canadians with HIV of the possibilities of post-mortem organ and tissue donation. Since awareness is a key determinant of registration, future efforts should be made to include accurate and up-to-date information on organ donation from people living with HIV in regular HIV care. By ensuring frequent and transparent communication, we open the door to new opportunities for transplantation while also addressing misconceptions and reducing the stigma surrounding HIV care.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"26 1","pages":"2555114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver metabolic health and the components of metabolic syndrome in people living with HIV - do they differ from those in a 'healthy' population?","authors":"Michał Biały, Marcin Czarnecki, Małgorzata Inglot","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2555065","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2555065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has a greater prevalence in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than in the general population. Reasons for this are connected with the presence of additional risk factors in people living with HIV, such as the infection itself with chronic immune system stimulation and HIV therapy adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to compare metabolic syndrome components and MASLD-related parameters between people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment at the clinic in Wroclaw and controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a case-control observational study on patients scheduled for visits from April to October 2021. We gathered blood samples and surveys from the patients and checked for metabolic and liver-related parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty patients treated at an outpatient clinic in Wroclaw were enrolled into the study. Thirty controls were picked from healthy volunteers. People living with HIV had normal liver function parameters and HbA1c levels; they had a greater prevalence of dyslipidaemia (68.33% vs. 40%, <i>p</i> = 0.01), and higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (2.16 vs. 1.24; <i>p</i> = 0.001). There was a difference between people living with HIV and controls in several MASLD-predictive models (FIB-4, NFS, NAFLD-LFS, Forns, TyG, MACK-3); however, it did not exceed the lower cut-off values for defining the risk of steatosis/fibrosis among people living with HIV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found people living with HIV to be more burdened by metabolic issues than our controls; however, people living with HIV did not appear to be more metabolically ill than the general Polish population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"26 1","pages":"2555065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145064753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in screening, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes mellitus among people with HIV at a large southeastern academic health center.","authors":"Nina M Millman, John R Koethe, Megan Turner, Kassem Bourgi, Timothy R Sterling, Peter F Rebeiro","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2551399","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2025.2551399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People with HIV can survive decades on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but an increasing burden of metabolic disease, including diabetes mellitus (DM), threatens these gains. Prior studies found race and sex disparities in HIV treatment outcomes, but data on comorbid conditions remains scarce. We assessed whether disparities by race, sex, body mass index (BMI), and other factors existed in DM screening, incidence, and treatment outcomes in a large HIV care center in the southeastern US.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of people with HIV enrolled at the Vanderbilt Comprehensive Care Clinic between 2007-2022 on ART without prevalent DM. We assessed factors associated with DM screening by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), DM diagnosis, treatment, and achieving HbA1c ≤7.0%. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RRs) to achieve the next step of the care continuum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Older, Black, and overweight or obese people with HIV were more likely to be screened (range of RRs = 1.0-1.1, <i>p</i> < 0.05 each) and diagnosed with DM (range of RRs = 1.8-2.8, <i>p</i> < 0.05 each) compared to reference groups, but there was no significant sex difference after adjusting for other factors. Among those screened and diagnosed with DM, there were no differences in initiating treatment or achieving A1c goals by key characteristics in adjusted models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Older, Black, and overweight/obese people with HIV were more likely to be screened and diagnosed with DM by their HIV care providers. However, age, BMI, and sex did not affect the initiation of DM medications or achieving A1c goals in this cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"26 1","pages":"2551399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12715372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145774588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}