The Pan African Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Caesarean section: epidemiology and indications at General Provincial Hospital of Kananga.","authors":"Antoine Tshimbundu Kayembe,&nbsp;Sylvain Mulumba Kapuku","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2022.42.317.34970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2022.42.317.34970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of our study is to describe the epidemiological profile and indications for caesarean section at the maternity ward of the Provincial General Hospital of Kananga from January 1^st 2014 to December 31^st 2020. This is a descriptive study of a series of cases from the medical records of cesarean patients and based on non-probabilistic sampling of suitability for cases selection. The sample of our study is composed of 1395 cases. The frequency of caesarean section is 16.10% with an annual average of 199.30 (SD 18.20) cases per year, the average age of patients is 25.39 years (SD 1.23), the primiparity is the most affected with 27.38 %, hemorrhagic placenta previa is the most common indication in 26.86%, maternal complications is present in 46.73% and the maternal mortality rate due to cesarean section is 531 per 100.000 live births. The practice of caesarean section constitutes a real problem and our results can serve as a basis for in-depth studies on indications and maternal complications of caesarean section in order to reduce the risks associated with the practice of caesarean section in our environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":131455,"journal":{"name":"The Pan African Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9664506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40723194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicinal plants used in the traditional treatment of diabetes in Ksar Elkebir Region (North-Western Morocco).","authors":"Ibrahim Hinad,&nbsp;Youssef S'hih,&nbsp;Aboubaker Elhessni,&nbsp;Abdelhalim Mesfioui,&nbsp;Moulay Laarbi Ouahidi","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2022.42.319.32572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2022.42.319.32572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>the number of people with diabetes continues to increase worldwide. In Morocco, two million adults are estimated to be diabetic in 2018. The Moroccan population is known for the use of medicinal plants and natural recipes for the treatment of chronic diseases including diabetes. The present study aimed to make an inventory of plant species used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus by diabetic patients in Ksar Elkebir City (North-west, Morocco).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>an ethnobotanical study was carried out among 250 diabetic patients by means of a semi-structured questionnaire by direct interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>a total of 29 species of plants belonging to 23 families were identified. The most represented families were Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, fabaceae, and Lauraceae. While the most frequently cited plant species were Olea europaea l, Trigonella foenum graecum l, Origanum compactum benth l and salvia officinalis l. Leaves were the most used part of plants and the decoction was the most cited mode of preparation used by the population included in the study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>people with diabetes in Ksar Elkebir Region use a variety of herbal remedies in several ways to treat diabetes. This result can be an important database for the following studies to confirm the efficiency of these plants in vitro and in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":131455,"journal":{"name":"The Pan African Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9664512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40712912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does the experience of the medical encounter with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome impact women in Africa?","authors":"Rose-Danielle Ngoumou","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2022.42.314.32830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2022.42.314.32830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>the MRKH syndrome is a rare congenital malformation in women. As most rare conditions, this syndrome usually causes confusion in patients and even in physicians. The medical encounter of young girls with the syndrome is intertwined in a complex matrix of social, economic and cultural factors that only contribute in creating more confusion in the young girl.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>the study is qualitative and designed to describe the first encounter of women with the MRKH syndrome at the physician. To that effect, an interview guide was designed for in-depth interviews with 05 MRKH women from varied African countries (Cameroon, Côte-d'Ivoire, and Senegal) selected using the snowball technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>findings from this study revealed that most women go to the hospital and return more confused as no clear information is given to them on their condition. Also, cultural, social and religious beliefs on the one hand seems to blur the physician's judgment to provide appropriate remedies like instrumental dilatation for rudimentary vagina, surrogacy for uterine infertility factor, adoption, etc. and on the other hand, these beliefs also act as a barrier for these young girls who are not strangers to the culture.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the study suggests that, physicians give to the patients all necessary information for them to take elective decisions on their health. It also suggests that awareness should be raised on this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":131455,"journal":{"name":"The Pan African Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9664505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40712909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation for birth and complication readiness: rural-urban disparities among pregnant women in communities in Enugu State, Nigeria.","authors":"Ifeoma Maureen Obionu,&nbsp;Miriam Ajuba,&nbsp;Emmanuel Nwabueze Aguwa","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2022.42.310.33015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2022.42.310.33015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) is a key component of safe motherhood programs. The study aimed to determine the rural-urban disparities in BPCR and its predictors among pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>this study was a community-based comparative cross-sectional study carried out among 366 pregnant women living in rural and urban areas in Enugu State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the participants. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics at a significant level of p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>among the respondents, 213 (58.2%) had good knowledge of the components of BPCR. However, a significantly higher proportion of those in urban areas had better knowledge of these components than those in rural areas (p=0.01). Generally, there was a poor practice of BPCR among both groups of respondents. However, between both groups of respondents, good practice of BPCR was statistically significantly higher in respondents from urban areas 69 (37.7%) than those in rural areas 47 (25.7%) (X²=6.108, p=0.013). Several factors were found to be associated with good practice of BPCR among the respondents however, the only predictor of good practice of BPCR among the urban respondents was being aware of free maternal and child health services in the State while for the rural respondents, it was having an assisted delivery in the last stages of pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>there are rural-urban disparities in BPCR. Most pregnant women are knowledgeable about its components but the majority do not practice it appropriately.</p>","PeriodicalId":131455,"journal":{"name":"The Pan African Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9653546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40510692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in the Republic of Congo: why the Congolese population is reluctant to screening?","authors":"Viny Andzi Elenga,&nbsp;Abel Lissom,&nbsp;Christevy Vouvoungui,&nbsp;Tsengue-Tsengue,&nbsp;Gabriel Ahombo,&nbsp;Francine Ntoumi","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2022.42.309.34830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2022.42.309.34830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected tropical infection, and surveillance of the disease relies on community participation in screening. This study aimed to identify the main factors associated with low community uptake of the HAT screening in endemic districts in the Republic of Congo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a cross-sectional survey was carried out during a sensitisation campaign about HAT in the districts of Mpouya, Ngabé and Loudima, which are endemic for the disease. After signing the informed consent form, participants were organized into groups of 10 for focus group discussions (FGDs). A list of questions was used for guiding the discussion, addressing understanding of the disease and reasons for refusing screening.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>out of 220 recruited individuals (corresponding to 22 FGDs), 58.6% were men. The majority of the respondents described HAT as a rural disease (48.2%) or as a witchcraft (22.3%). Among the clinical signs cited by the participants, sleep disorder (40%) was the most common answer, followed by prolonged fever (19.5%) and madness (14.1%). The main reasons for non-adherence to HAT screening was the fear of lumbar puncture (45.9%) and stigmatisation (22.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the findings of this study suggest that more effort should be put into raising awareness of HAT and the benefits of screening amongst the Congolese population, in order to strengthen the national disease control program.</p>","PeriodicalId":131455,"journal":{"name":"The Pan African Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9653545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40704972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective analysis of the role of retrobulbar amphotericin-B injection in the management of COVID-19 associated rhino-orbito-cerebral-mucormycosis.","authors":"Rekha Yadav,&nbsp;Siddharth Madan,&nbsp;Jolly Rohatgi,&nbsp;Anam Ansari,&nbsp;Rahul Sharma,&nbsp;Priyanka Gautam,&nbsp;Puja Rai,&nbsp;Gopal Krushna Das,&nbsp;Pramod Kumar Sahu,&nbsp;Vipin Arora","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2022.42.312.34757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2022.42.312.34757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rhino-orbito-cerebral-mucormycosis (ROCM) is the most common form of mucormycosis observed during the second wave of COVID-19 where a steep rise in the number of cases was seen. The orbital form is almost always associated with fungal sinusitis. Among the various treatment modalities available, the role of retrobulbar Amphotericin-B injections is under-reported. This study is conducted to determine the role of transcutaneous retrobulbar amphotericin-B (TRAMB) in the management of COVID-19 associated ROCM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a retrospective analysis of 61 patients of COVID-19 associated ROCM was done, who met the inclusion criteria and presented to a tertiary care center, between May to August 2021. These patients were administered TRAMB (deoxycholate/emulsion form) along-with systemic amphotericin B. All the patients were evaluated for clinical improvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>out of 61 patients, 58 (95.08%) showed overall improvement. 40 patients (65.57%) stabilized or improved clinically and 3 patients succumbed to the illness due to advanced systemic mucormycosis and acute kidney failure. Sixteen out of 58 patients underwent orbital exenteration. Out of remaining 43 patients, 35 showed complete recovery of orbital and ocular disease and the disease stabilized in eight patients. Seven patients demonstrated TRAMB associated ocular complications which however completely resolved in six patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>to the best of the author´s knowledge, regression of orbital mucormycosis with improvement in ptosis, proptosis, ocular motility and stabilization of visual acuity are scarcely reported in literature. Further TRAMB as a globe non-deforming treatment modality is an option available for ROCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":131455,"journal":{"name":"The Pan African Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9664513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40723193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Contribution of the AVR lead in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in one case at the Institute of Cardiology of Abidjan (Ivory Coast)].","authors":"Loa Ambroise Gnaba,&nbsp;Kassi Anicet Adoubi,&nbsp;Kouakou Florent Diby,&nbsp;Isabelle Kouamé,&nbsp;Pinnin Evelyne Adjara Ouattara,&nbsp;Manga Diomandé,&nbsp;Mbe Matokoma Daniogo,&nbsp;Keumian Gabin Tro,&nbsp;Koudré Serge Armel Dakoi,&nbsp;Aka Roland N'Guetta","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2022.42.311.20166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2022.42.311.20166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abnormalities in the aVR lead would provide useful information on the risk of coronary heart disease. This clinical case is an illustration. Indeed, this is a 60-year-old patient, an active smoker and a former type 2 diabetic who presented with angina-like chest pain with a positive stress test. The initial electrocardiogram showed a discreet elevation of the ST segment and an aVR necrosis Q wave with mirror signs in the inferior territory. An ischemic heart disease with altered ventricular ejection fraction was objectified. The diagnostic coronary angiography objectified a multi-vessel coronary lesion. Ultimately, the aVR lead provides valuable clinical information and argues for special attention to this often forgotten lead.</p>","PeriodicalId":131455,"journal":{"name":"The Pan African Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9664502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40723192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal necrotizing external otitis: diagnosis, management and outcomes of 15 cases.","authors":"Amel El Korbi,&nbsp;Jihene Houas,&nbsp;Naourez Kolsi,&nbsp;Rachida Bouatay,&nbsp;Mehdi Ferjaoui,&nbsp;Adnene Toumi,&nbsp;Khaled Harrathi,&nbsp;Jamel Koubaa","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2022.42.306.27168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2022.42.306.27168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal necrotizing external otitis (NEO) is a rare disease. It is an aggressive and potentially fatal infection. The most commonly reported pathogen is Candida. We aim through this study to share our experience in the management of fungal necrotizing external otitis and discuss its diagnosis tools, anti-fungal treatment choice, and outcomes. We included fifteen patients with diagnosis criteria of fungal NEO; clinical features of NEO with positive culture swabs and/or positive serologic test to a fungal pathogen. The mean age was of 70 years with a prevalence of males. The main symptoms were otalgia (n=15) and otorrhea (n=7). Facial palsy was observed in four cases. Fungal pathogens were Candida(n=10) and Aspergillus (n=5). Complications were observed in eight cases: extension to the temporo-mandibular (n=4), abscess in the retropharyngeal space (n=2), abscess in the parapharyngeal space (n=1) and thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein (n=1). Six patients were treated with fluconazole, eight with voriconazole, and one patient with itraconazole. After a mean duration of 52 days of antifungal therapy, fourteen patients have been cured with normalization of the ear symptoms, biological, and imaging features. One patient died of septic shock. No recurrence of the disease was observed after a follow-up of 12 months in all cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":131455,"journal":{"name":"The Pan African Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9653543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40704968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude and adherence to COVID-19 prevention among community health workers in Nigeria.","authors":"Oluyemi Peter Atibioke,&nbsp;Fatimah Adepoju-Olajuwon,&nbsp;Oluwaseun Ayoola Ojomo,&nbsp;Adeyemi Olalekan Oladeji,&nbsp;Oluwakemi Bolatito Oripeloye,&nbsp;Kehinde Adesola Osinowo,&nbsp;Ademola Johnson Ajuwon,&nbsp;Oladapo Alabi Ladipo","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2022.42.307.30791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2022.42.307.30791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>community health workers play important roles in curtailing the spread of COVID-19. This study therefore investigated the knowledge, attitude and adherence to practice of COVID-19 prevention-protocols among community health workers in selected States of Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>purposive sampling method was adopted. A cohort of community health workers testing and enrolling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive-clients into care were involved in the study. Questionnaire on Microsoft forms was completed by 366 participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>key findings revealed that 87.80% have good knowledge of COVID-19; 96.10% positive attitude towards COVID-19 prevention-protocols and 97.20% adhere to the protocols. Demographics variables have significant positive effect on adherence to COVID-19 prevention-protocol among the respondents as follows: marital status (X²: 21.91; p: <0.05), gender (X²: 9.01; p: 0.003), ethnic group (X²: 17.45; p: <0.05), State of residence (X²: 32.51; p: <0.05), education status (X²: 18.44; p: 0.005). Findings revealed there is no significant relationship between knowledge of COVID-19 and the anxiety status of community health workers (p=0.90). There is positive relationship between knowledge of COVID-19 and attitude to guidelines and adherence to COVID-19 prevention-protocols. R=0.20 (<0.05) and 0.195 (<0.05) respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the high knowledge of COVID-19, positive attitude and adherence to the prevention-protocols among community health workers provides assurance of their ability to provide factual information to the community and their ability to promote good attitude and adherence to the prevention-protocols. Key sociodemographic variable like marital status, gender, ethnic groups, educational status and State of residents play significant roles in adherence to COVID-19 prevention-protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":131455,"journal":{"name":"The Pan African Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9653541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40704971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal tuberculosis: a diagnostic and treatment challenge in a remote area of Asmat Regency of South Papua, Indonesia (case report).","authors":"Sitanaja Raymond,&nbsp;Helen Mayasari Subekti,&nbsp;Abed Ricky Hernando Sitompul","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2022.42.303.36463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2022.42.303.36463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perinatal tuberculosis (TB) is a rare infectious disease. The diagnosis of perinatal TB is challenging due to its nonspecific clinical manifestations make it difficult to differentiate from other infections, resulting in a high mortality rate of 40-60%. Here we report a 26-day-old neonate with fever, cough, fast breathing, poor feeding, subcostal retraction, bilateral crackles, hepatomegaly, and signs of shock. Clinically, septic shock and pneumonia were suspected. Respiratory distress worsened despite broad-spectrum antibiotics, and kept getting worse up to the point that intubation and assisted mechanical ventilation were needed. The examination of acid-fast bacteria (AFB) stain on the endotracheal aspirate showed a positive result. The patient was diagnosed as having perinatal TB, then treated with anti-TB regimens (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol), as well as prednisone and other supportive medical care. Recurrent septic shock, laryngeal edema, and a possibility of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) worsened the patient's condition. The patient eventually passed away on the 71^st day of care. In conclusion, perinatal TB should be suspected in any neonates with fever, respiratory distress, and hepatosplenomegaly, particularly in those from endemic areas, which fail to respond to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improve the prognosis of perinatal TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":131455,"journal":{"name":"The Pan African Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9653542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40704969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}