Volume 3: Coal, Biomass, and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems最新文献

{"title":"Humidified Micro Gas Turbine for Carbon Capture Applications: Preliminary Experimental Results With CO2 Injection","authors":"Simone Giorgetti, A. Parente, F. Contino, L. Bricteux, W. D. Paepe","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-77265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-77265","url":null,"abstract":"The large adoption of renewable energies is crucial to achieve a low-carbon economy, however, in the transition period, a flexible and clean production from fossil fuels is still necessary. With the current shift towards decentralized power production, micro Gas Turbines (mGTs) appear as a promising technology for small-scale generation. The target of a carbon-clean power production calls for the implementation of Carbon Capture Use and Storage (CCUS) technologies. Compared to coal fired power production, the low CO2 concentration in the exhaust gas of a mGT makes Carbon Capture (CC) much more expensive. However, the CO2 concentration can be increased by performing Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), therefore reducing the CC energy penalty. Additionally, cycle humidification can also help to increase the electrical efficiency of the turbine plant. Nevertheless, the higher CO2 content in the inlet air, in combination with the high humidity level, will affect the operation of the mGT. This paper presents a numerical study of this innovative cycle combined with preliminary experimental validation of CO2 injection. To the authors’ best knowledge, experimental analysis of EGR together with humidification applied to a mGT has never been carried out. Experimental results showed a stable turbo-machinery operation under a moderate CO2 injection. The results of this paper are a first step towards a more severe dilution conditions, with the aim of a full implementation of EGR on a micro Humid Air Turbine (mHAT).","PeriodicalId":131179,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Coal, Biomass, and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123337441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Off-Design Performance Comparative Analysis Between Dual-Pressure Organic Rankine Cycles Using Pure and Mixture Working Fluids","authors":"Yang Du, Long Ying, Muting Hao, Y. Huo, Pan Zhao, Jiangfeng Wang, Yiping Dai","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-75442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-75442","url":null,"abstract":"Dual-pressure Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs) driven by the low temperature heat source usually work under part-load conditions, and it is therefore essential to predict the off-design performance of such ORCs. This paper presents the off-design performance prediction of the dual-pressure ORC on the basis of the model including plate heat exchangers, axial turbines and a centrifugal pump. Pure working fluid R600a and the mixture R245fa/R600a are compared. The sliding pressure operation strategy is considered under off-design conditions. The results indicate that under the design hot water parameters (hot water 140 °C, 64.87 kg/s), compared with the single-pressure ORC using R600a, the dual-pressure ORC using R600a shows a 9.57% higher net power and a 17.32% higher heat transfer area. Furthermore, the dual-pressure ORC with the mixture R245fa/R600a (0.42/0.58 mass fraction) shows a 1.04% higher net power and a 3.87% higher heat transfer area than the dual-pressure ORC using R600a under the design hot water parameters. In the dual-pressure ORC, the rotational speed of the high-pressure pump is more strongly influenced by the inlet temperature of hot water than that of the low-pressure pump. In addition, when the mass flow rate ratio of hot water or the inlet temperature of hot water increases, the difference of the net power between the dual-pressure ORC using the proposed mixture R245fa/R600a (0.42/0.58 mass fraction) and that using pure R600a increases.","PeriodicalId":131179,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Coal, Biomass, and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124887810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in H Class Gas Turbines and Combined Cycle Power Plants","authors":"C. Vandervort","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-76911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-76911","url":null,"abstract":"The power generation industry is facing unprecedented challenges. High fuel costs combined with an increased penetration of renewable power has resulted in greater demand for high efficiency and operational flexibility. Imperative for a reduced carbon footprint places an even higher premium on efficiency. Power producers are seeking highly efficient, reliable, and operationally flexible solutions that provide long-term profitability in a volatile environment. New generation must also be cost-effective to ensure affordability for both domestic and industrial consumers.\u0000 Gas turbine combined cycle power plants provide reliable, dispatch-able generation with low cost of electricity, reduced environmental impact, and improved flexibility. GE’s air-cooled, H-class gas turbines (7/9HA) are engineered to achieve greater than 63% net, combined cycle efficiency while delivering operational flexibility through deep, emission-compliant turndown and high ramp rates. The largest of these gas turbines, the 9HA.02, exceeds 64% combined cycle efficiency (net, ISO) in a 1 × 1, single-shaft configuration. In parallel, the power plant has been configured for rapid construction and commissioning enabling timely revenue generation for power plant developers and owners.\u0000 The HA platform is enabled by 1) use of a simple air-cooling system for the turbine section that does not require external heat exchange and the associated cost and complexity, and 2) use of well-known materials and coatings with substantial operating experience at high firing temperatures. Key technology improvements for the HA’s include advanced cooling and sealing, utilization of unsteady aerodynamic methodologies, axially staged combustion and next generation thermal barrier coating (TBC). Validation of the architecture and technology insertion is performed in a dedicated test facility over the full operating range. As of February 2018, a total of 18 HA power plants have achieved COD (Commercial Operation).\u0000 This paper will address three topics relating to the HA platform: 1) gas turbine product technology, 2) gas turbine validation and 3) integrated power plant commissioning and operating experience.","PeriodicalId":131179,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Coal, Biomass, and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121164902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FlameSheet™ Combustor Extended Engine Validation for Operational Flexibility and Low Emissions","authors":"Hany Rizkalla, Fred Hernandez, Ramesh Keshavabhattu, P. Stuttaford","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-75764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-75764","url":null,"abstract":"Flexibility is key to the future success of natural gas fired power generation. As renewable energy sources continue their penetration of the global energy market, the need for reliable, flexible generation will increase. Gas turbines equipped with a fuel flexible combustion system allowing the capability to extend in-emissions-compliance turndown limit, will have a significant advantage supporting todays and future energy market demand. The FlameSheet™ combustor incorporates a novel dual zone burn system to address operational and fuel flexibility with low emissions and extended turndown. FlameSheet™ is simply retrofittable into existing installed E/F-class heavy duty gas turbines and is designed to meet the energy market drivers set forth above. The operating principle of the new combustor is briefly described, and details of implementation and extended validation results on two General Electric 7FA heavy duty gas turbines operating in a combined cycle power plant since 2015 with over 36,600hrs of uninterrupted commercial operation is discussed, with special focus on operational profile optimization to accommodate the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), while substantially increasing the gas turbine normal operating load range. Emphasis is also provided on performance assessment, combustion and downstream hot gas path component inspection and durability assessment after 16,600 hours of operation in a 7FA gas turbine.","PeriodicalId":131179,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Coal, Biomass, and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125532953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Design of a Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plant by a Hierarchical Optimization Method With Parallel Computing","authors":"R. Yokoyama, Y. Shinano, Yuki Wakayama, T. Wakui","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-76469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-76469","url":null,"abstract":"To attain the highest performance of energy supply systems, it is necessary to rationally determine types, capacities, and numbers of equipment in consideration of their operational strategies corresponding to seasonal and hourly variations in energy demands. Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approaches have been applied widely to such optimal design problems. The authors have proposed a MILP method utilizing the hierarchical relationship between design and operation variables to solve the optimal design problems of energy supply systems efficiently. In addition, some strategies to enhance the computation efficiency have been adopted: bounding procedures at both the levels and ordering of the optimal operation problems at the lower level. In this paper, as an additional strategy to enhance the computation efficiency, parallel computing is adopted to solve multiple optimal operation problems in parallel at the lower level. In addition, the effectiveness of each and combinations of the strategies adopted previously and newly is investigated. This hierarchical optimization method is applied to an optimal design of a gas turbine cogeneration plant, and its validity and effectiveness are clarified through some case studies.","PeriodicalId":131179,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Coal, Biomass, and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132871735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Impact on the Life Cycle for Turbine Based Biomass CHP Plants","authors":"P. Bartocci, G. Bidini, P. Laranci, Mauro Zampilli, M. D'Amico, F. Fantozzi","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-76856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-76856","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass CHP plants represent a viable option to produce distributed energy in a sustainable way when the overall environmental benefit is appraised on the whole life cycle. CHP plants for bioenergy conversion may consist of a gasification (IGC – Integrated Gasification Cycle) or pyrolysis (IPRP – Integrated Pyrolysis Regenerated Plant) pre-treatment unit, producing a syngas that feeds an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine. The external combustion mode is also an option, where exhaust gases from biomass combustion provide heat to either a traditional steam cycle, an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) or an EFGT (Externally Fired Gas Turbine). This paper focuses specifically on turbines based technologies and provides a LCA comparison of 4 main technologies suitable for the small scale, namely: EFMGT, ORC, IGC and IPRP. The comparison is carried out considering 3 different biomasses, namely a Short Rotation Forestry, an agricultural residue and an agro industrial residue at 2 different scales: micro scale (100 kw) and small scale (1 MW), being higher scales barely sustainable on the life cycle. From data derived from the Literature or experimental campaign (tests at the IPRP and gasification facilities at the University Perugia), LCA analysis were carried out and the different scenarios were compared based on two impact categories: global warming and human health. Input and output of the derived LCI are referred to the functional unit of 1 kWh electric for upstream, core and downstream processes. Results show the contribution of main processes and are discussed comparing scale, technology and feedstock.","PeriodicalId":131179,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Coal, Biomass, and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115095517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development and Testing of a Dual-Entry Turbine Expander for ORC Applications","authors":"Jeff Noall, Timothy C. Ernst","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-77129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-77129","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing the fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of large commercial vehicles is a growing priority as governments around the globe introduce more stringent emissions regulations and as companies work to reduce their carbon footprint. Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) can be applied to these vehicles to recover power from engine waste heat, thereby increasing efficiency and reducing fuel burn. However, the available waste heat consists of both high and low temperature sources making an efficient and cost-effective utilization of these resources challenging. In order to utilize both waste heat streams effectively, a single rotor, dual-entry turbine expander capable of accepting process flow simultaneously from high and low pressure supplies was developed, manufactured and tested. Test results show that the turbine concept was able to meet performance targets while decreasing the size, cost and complexity of the dual pressure ORC.","PeriodicalId":131179,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Coal, Biomass, and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132761787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy Duty Gas Turbine Performance and Endurance Testing: The NovaLT™16 Experience","authors":"Antonio Asti, F. Gamberi, G. D. Vescovo, R. Carta, N. Giannini, M. Ignesti, Claudio Orazi, N. Pieroni","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-76350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-76350","url":null,"abstract":"The NovaLT™16 gas turbine recently developed in Baker Hughes, a GE company (BHGE), is part of a larger class of gas turbines (LT class) aiming at covering a wide space in the small power range segment and at introducing in the market a state of the art technology engine for what concerns performance, emissions, operability, durability and maintainability.\u0000 The main purpose of this paper is to describe the entire validation campaign that was performed at BHGE facilities. This campaign can be divided into 3 different phases.\u0000 The first phase focused on measuring engine performance in a new, clean and unaltered configuration.\u0000 The second phase focused on emissions, vibration, thermal distribution, auxiliary system performances and the like, in order to validate the design assumption and calculation results across the full operational range. In this phase, more than 2000 sensors were installed across the entire engine, covering all modules, and all functional tests were performed (inside and outside of design space) to guarantee reliable engine behavior. At the end of this test phase, a full engine teardown was performed to allow a detailed parts inspection that confirmed the achievement of the design intent.\u0000 The standard maintenance plan of the engine requires 35Kh continuous running. Therefore, the third part of the test aimed at validating engine durability with a full endurance test that allowed the identification and correction of any possible remaining operation problem. In this phase, the engine was still equipped with more than 1000 sensors, and was operated continuously following a well-defined operating profile in order to simulate both mechanical drive and power generation modes. This campaign successfully allowed to fine tune several engine control logic details, to monitor emissions behavior across a wide range of ambient temperature and load condition (the test spans from hot to cold day), to analyze trends of standard engine parameters and special instrumentation and, through planned borescope inspection, to evaluate individual component status versus selected operating profile.\u0000 Data reported in this paper represent a summary of all the data acquired and post processing results, and illustrate how an endurance test can help tuning machine performance predictions in a wide operating range.","PeriodicalId":131179,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Coal, Biomass, and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127873706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Design of Flexible Power Cycles Through Kriging-Based Surrogate Models","authors":"L. Riboldi, L. Nord","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-75214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-75214","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a novel technique to define the optimal design of a power cycle considering design and off-design performance. A Kriging-based surrogate model is developed in order to simulate the power cycle at design conditions, while decreasing the computational effort. For each design considered, the performance at relevant off-design points is additionally evaluated by means of specific off-design models, developed for the main components of the system. The combination of design and off-design models allows the optimization process to take into account the performance at a selected set of operating conditions. The resulting optimal design will, thus, be characterized by a high degree of flexibility, intended as the ability to work efficiently in the several modes of operations to which the plant will be subjected to. The presented technique was tested on a case study. The optimal design of an offshore combined cycle was evaluated by using a multi-objective approach, where the two objective functions to minimize were the cumulative CO2 emissions and the weight of the bottoming cycle. The resulting designs showed to outperform those defined by a standard optimization procedure, demonstrating the effectiveness of the novel design technique.","PeriodicalId":131179,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Coal, Biomass, and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems","volume":"389 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115609414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ansaldo Energia Gas Turbine Technology Developments","authors":"A. Ramaglia, U. Ruedel, V. Stefanis, S. Florjancic","doi":"10.1115/GT2018-76665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-76665","url":null,"abstract":"The operating conditions of the gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) power plants have significantly changed over the last few years and are directed towards an improved operational and fuel flexibility, increased GT power output and efficiency and improved component lifetime. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the development, analysis and validation of modern gas turbine features, parts and components for the AE64.3, AE94.2, AE94.3A, the GT26 and GT36. The development of compressor blades with a low uncertainty using multidisciplinary optimization techniques is outlined while the lifetime of a welded rotor is quantified using a damage-tolerant lifetime assessment method based on experimental creep data. For the lateral dynamics of the shaft train a modal-based approach supported by elastic structures will be described. For the axial flow turbine, the aerodynamic and heat transfer related design and validation of film cooled vanes and blades will be introduced with a particular focus on the tip area, the platforms and the application of under-platform dampers. Furthermore, the impact of the combustor-turbine interface on the turbine vane aerodynamics and film cooling characteristics is shown. For the continued very successful operation of the Constant Pressure Sequential Combustion System (CPSC), the thermos-acoustic activities of can combustors as well as the rig-to-engine transferability are presented. Recent approaches to the development of SLM parts for turbine hardware, specifically the approach used to select process parameters and creation of preliminary material models will also be briefly summarized.","PeriodicalId":131179,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Coal, Biomass, and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122754086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}