IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity最新文献

{"title":"Design Study of Fully Superconducting Motor With MgB$_{2}$ Wire and YBCO Bulk Combination for Brushless Operation","authors":"Jaheum Koo;JuKyung Cha;Jonghoon Yoon;Wonseok Jang;Dongwoo Lee;In Gyeong Park;Sang Heon Lee;Seungyong Hahn;Sangjin Lee","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3542340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3542340","url":null,"abstract":"In response to increasing environmental regulations and the push towards electrification, superconducting motors have gained significant interest due to their high power density potential. This paper presents the design and analysis of a conceptual fully superconducting brushless motor featuring MgB<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> armature windings and YBCO bulk superconductors in the rotor. The proposed motor utilizes post-assembly magnetization using field cooling, achieving a trapped magnetic field exceeding 2 T. Through optimization and magnetization analysis, the YBCO bulk-type designed motor calculated a 61% improvement in power density compared to a permanent magnet-type designed motor. The design also shows thermal losses of 1.58 kW, which can be effectively covered using LH<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> cooling. These results present the feasibility of a high-performance, brushless design with HTS bulk field magnets, paving the way for relatively compact cryogenic motor applications.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of Numerical Modeling Methods for a Flux-Pumped Josephson Parametric Amplifier","authors":"Seong Hyeon Park;Gahyun Choi;Bokyung Kim;Gyunghun Kim;Yong-Ho Lee;Seungyong Hahn","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3546921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3546921","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum-limited noise amplifiers based on superconducting Josephson junction elements are essential components for measuring low-power signals in a wide range of applications. The gain bandwidth of a flux-pumped Josephson parametric amplifier can be broadened by coupling junction elements with an impedance-matching network. Well-known modeling methods for these amplifiers typically assume ideal lumped-element circuits for passive components, but often overlook unexpected resonant modes arising from the bulk geometric features. To address this challenge, flux-pumped junction elements can be simulated using finite-element analysis (FEA) combined with the pumpistor modeling method, which accurately accounts for the geometric features of arbitrary impedance-matching circuits. Here, we present a benchmark study using a circuit topology to compare different modeling methods: (1) the coupled mode network method, (2) the harmonic balance method, (3) the analytical pumpistor method, and (4) the FEA-assisted pumpistor method. Our results highlight the importance of accurately reflecting geometric features to prevent unexpected resonant modes and avoid detuning from the target flux bias values.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Model for Non-Insulated HTS Coils","authors":"Stefano Sorti;Lorenzo Balconi;Gabriele Crespi;Lucio Rossi;Carlo Santini;Marco Statera","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3546873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3546873","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the topic of modelling 2 G HTS tapes and coils, especially (but not limited to) Non-Insulated (NI) devices. We propose a novel 3D electromagnetic Volume Integral Formulation (VIM) for homogenized coils. This model combines the flexibility of distributed circuit models with the numerical approach of Finite Element Methods (FEM). It offers some distinctive features if compared to already available integral formulations (such as Partial Element Equivalent Circuit): first, it describes the current vector potential <bold>T</b> with quadratic shape functions, resulting in non-constant current densities <bold>J</b> inside mesh elements. Secondly, it allows for homogenization of coil turns, together with arbitrarily curved geometries. The results of the model are verified against a COMSOL simulation. The discussion of the model includes also a fast current-sharing calculation in case of overcurrent, with the aim of providing comprehensive heat losses, to then feed thermal models. This work can contribute in better describing and understanding the behavior of NI coils under most operative conditions, expanding the capability of testing and diagnosing these devices.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEM Modeling of Current Sharing in Tape Stack Cables; Influence of ICR, ITR, Defect Number, and Thermal Boundary Conditions","authors":"Minzheng Jiang;Shengchen Xue;Milan Majoros;Edward W. Collings;Mike D. Sumption","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3546919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3546919","url":null,"abstract":"This research explored current sharing and quench evolution in rare-earth barium copper oxide (ReBCO) based superconducting cables intended for use in the High Energy Physics (HEP) accelerator magnets. We used 3D finite element simulation studies of three-tape stack (carpet stack) cables. A given number of defects per tape length was assumed, along with specified electrical and thermal resistance values within and between tapes. Previous studies with a single defect in a three-tape stack cable showed that in addition to intra and inter-tape electrical resistivity, values of thermal resistivity and thermal boundary conditions were needed to determine a current sharing level. Here we defined the current sharing level as CSR = <inline-formula><tex-math>$I_{{cable}_{defect}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula><tex-math>$I_{{cable}_{no}_{defect}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> just before thermal runaway. The current sharing level varied with inter-strand contact resistance (ICR), inter-strand thermal resistance (ITR), and thermal boundary conditions. As one example a three-tape stack cable with an interlayer electrical contact efficiency, η = 5400 μΩ*cm², an interlayer thermal contact efficiency, ω = 5.54 K*m²/W, liquid helium cooling on the outer surface of the cable, and one defect (set at 10% <inline-formula><tex-math>${I}_{{c}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) in the central tape had a current sharing value of 0.91 (i.e., the ability to achieve 95% of nominal {defect free} <inline-formula><tex-math>${I}_{{c,cable}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> before a quench). Increasing the number of defects per unit length in the central tape reduced the achievable I/<inline-formula><tex-math>${Ineg}_{{c,cable}},$</tex-math></inline-formula>from 0.95 to 0.87.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Validation of a Scaling Law for the Critical Current of Commercial REBCO Tapes as a Function of Magnetic Field and Temperature","authors":"G. Succi;A. Ballarino;S. C. Hopkins;Y. Yang","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3543797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3543797","url":null,"abstract":"Much information is lacking at present on the electrical properties of commercial REBCO tapes. This work, which builds on a previous paper of the same authors, presents the results of an experimental campaign aimed at deriving the critical current of tapes from SuperPower, Fujikura, Faraday Factory, and Shanghai Superconductor Technology. The campaign was conducted by applying both the transport method at 4.2 K, in perpendicular background magnetic fields of up to 15 T, and the magnetization method from 4.2 K up to the critical temperature in fields of up to 10 T. This latter method was adopted to determining the so-called crossover field, <inline-formula><tex-math>${{B}_0}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, at which the transition from single vortex pinning to collective pinning takes place. <inline-formula><tex-math>${{B}_0}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is challenging to determine by the transport method because of the high currents involved (at 4.2 K, <inline-formula><tex-math>${{B}_0}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is roughly 1 T, which corresponds to currents above 1500 A, for a 4 mm tape). Magnetization measurements corroborate transport measurements at 4.2 K both below <inline-formula><tex-math>${{B}_0}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and up to 10 T. Further magnetization measurements above 4.2 K allow the temperature dependence of the scaling parameters to be derived, for correlation with the methodology of flux pinning enhancement by different manufacturers. This provides insights about the effectiveness and interplay of pinning mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bending Performance Study of Bridge-Type Butt Joint of REBCO Tapes","authors":"Jingli Cao;Menglin Wang;Yatian Pei;Qingyuan Li;Ling Zhao;Qingjin Xu;Min Zhang;Hui Yang;Feipeng Ning","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3546931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3546931","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the magnetic field design requirements of a new detector for the Circular Electron Positron Collider, a novel aluminum-stabilized stacked rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tape cable has been proposed and developed. Bridge-type butt joints are utilized to interconnect the REBCO tapes within the cable for the production of kilometer-scale cables. In this investigation, bridge-type butt joints of the REBCO tape were fabricated using soldering techniques, and their bending performance under various bending diameters at 77 K and self-field conditions was examined through finite-element analysis and bending tests. The simulation and experimental results showed a gradual degradation in the critical current (<italic>I</i>_c) of the bridge-type butt joint under bending strain. Enhanced bending performance was achieved by positioning the joint gap at the lower side and increasing the gap between joints. When the gap distance is 10 mm, the critical bending radius threshold may lie between 25 and 20 mm. Finite-element analysis revealed a notable degradation in <italic>I</i>_c when the equivalent strain surpassed 0.4%, indicating uneven stress distribution during bending, leading to localized areas experiencing elevated stress levels that could result in potential damage and degradation.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 3","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Length-Resolved Measurement of Radiation Induced Attenuation in Quench Detection Optical Fibers With Photobleaching","authors":"Owen Duke;Joseph Desroches;Erica Salazar","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3543808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3543808","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber-optic temperature and strain measurement systems are a promising technology for quench detection in insulated HTS magnets because of their compact form factor, immunity to electromagnetic noise, and fully dielectric construction. (Salazar et al. 2021) One of the key challenges to implementing these technologies in magnets for fusion devices is that ionizing radiation causes severe attenuation in the quench detection fibers. This attenuation is exacerbated by the low operating temperatures of HTS magnets (<inline-formula><tex-math>$sim$</tex-math></inline-formula> 20 K) and the long fiber lengths required for quench detection in power-plant scale magnetic confinement fusion systems (<inline-formula><tex-math>$sim$</tex-math></inline-formula> 200 m). (Blanc et al. 2017) In a previous paper we demonstrated that the survivable dose of a quench detection system operating at 1550 nm can be extended by more than 2,000x through continuous photobleaching at 970 nm. (Duke et al. 2024) Here we present an experiment investigating the effect of 970 nm photobleaching on fibers of significant length (up to 250 m) irradiated at 77 K with RIA near 1550 nm monitored using a novel length-resolved measurement technique.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatially Resolved Characterization of the Local Superconducting Properties of Compositional Gradient REBCO Films","authors":"Zeyu Wu;Kohei Higashikawa;Albert Queraltó;Emma Ghiara;Cornelia Pop;Kapil Gupta;Xavier Obradors;Teresa Puig;Takanobu Kiss","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3546597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3546597","url":null,"abstract":"We have succeeded in developing a high-resolution and high-throughput measurement method for local sheet current density (<italic>J</i>_s) and critical temperature (<italic>T</i>_c) in a thin film sample prepared by Transient Liquid-Assisted Growth using Chemical Solution Deposition (TLAG-CSD), based on magnetic microscopy. Drop-on-demand inkjet printing (IJP) has been adopted to design and fabricate a combinatorial sample with a one-dimensional compositional gradient of Rare Earth (RE) elements within the REBa₂Cu₃O_7-<italic>_δ</i> (REBCO, RE = Y<italic>_ϵ</i>Gd_1-<italic>_ϵ</i>) crystal. The quality of the epitaxial REBCO film has been assessed in several sample locations by means of EDX, XRD and SEM characterization techniques to unravel the Rare Earth influence on the growth. However, the relationship with superconducting properties is not yet fully understood. In this study, we have developed a high-resolution and high-throughput measurement method for local <italic>J</i>_s at low temperature and in-field conditions, as well as <italic>T</i>_c in a film sample by low-temperature in-field scanning Hall probe microscopy. Corresponding <italic>J</i>_s distributions are obtained at 5 K and up to 4.5 T, which <italic>J</i>_s is greatly influenced by the composition because the Gd rich compositions exhibit polycrystallinity and ab-oriented grain. The optimum compositions for the highest <italic>J</i>_s are close to the 50% of Y and Gd composition at 4.5 T and at self-field. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of <italic>J</i>_s distribution is studied up to 88.0 K at self-field and the spatial <italic>T</i>_c distribution is derived to study the relationship between <italic>T</i>_c and compositions. <italic>T</i>_c dependence with the Rare Earth composition is similarly to that of <italic>J</i>_s.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10907917","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis on Arcing Reduction due to Driving Operation of Induction Motor through Application of SFCL in a Power Distribution System","authors":"Seung-Su Choi;Min-Ho Yoon;Chan-Muk Park;Sung-Hun Lim","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540996","url":null,"abstract":"The induction motor is used as the wind turbine in a power distribution system, which is one of the renewable energy supplies. Renewable energy has been an alternative to satisfy the increasing power demand. However, the induction motor causes the arc due to the power line issues and the fault occurrences. The arc generation leads to the problem of the power supply to the system and large blackout. Arc current contains a lot of harmonic components, and the harmonic component of arc current in induction motors cause problems such as voltage waveform distortion, efficiency reduction, and power factor reduction. In this article, to protect the induction motor, the application of the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) using high temperature superconducting (HTSC) module was proposed and the arc current limiting operation at various locations of the arc experiments were performed. The arc characteristics are different according to the driving method of the induction motor. Also, frequency analysis of arc current was performed using fast Fourier transform (FFT) to analyze the harmonic component. Since the harmonic component also decreases as the arc current reduction, problems caused by the harmonic component can be reduced.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Protection Coordination Between OCR and UVR in Power Distribution System According to Application of SFCL and Induction Generator","authors":"Su-Hyeon Kim;Seung-Su Choi;Hak-Goon Kim;Sung-Hun Lim","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540981","url":null,"abstract":"In modern power distribution systems, particularly in South Korea, where 154 kV substations supply multiple feeders, faults on a single feeder can cause voltage drops that affect other feeders connected to the same bus. These voltage drops pose significant risks to feeders with sensitive loads, such as semiconductor fabs, which are vulnerable to voltage sags, resulting in productivity and economic losses. To mitigate these issues, Under Voltage Relay (UVR) is used to protect sensitive loads during faults. However, coordinating the operation of UVR on sound feeders with Over Current Relay (OCR) on the faulted feeder is challenging, especially with the application of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) and Induction Generator (IG). This paper studies on protection coordination enhancement between definite-time UVR and inverse-time OCR in power distribution system according to the application of SFCL and IG. Experimental results showed that applying SFCL and IG can cause OCR's delayed operations and malfunctions in UVR. Therefore, this research adjusted the appropriate pickup values to resolve these issues. The analyses reveal that adjusting pickup values can enhance protection coordination between OCR and UVR. Also the results show that when both SFCL and IG are applied to the faulted feeder, the range of adjustable OCR pickup values is wider than when only SFCL is applied, leading to further improved protection coordination.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}