IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity最新文献

{"title":"Scalable Microwave SQUID Multiplexer Readout Architecture for TES-Based THz Security Camera","authors":"Matthias Schmelz;Erik Heinz;Katja Peiselt;Gabriel Zieger;Oliver Brandel;Detlef Born;Jürgen Kunert;Michael Siegel;Vyacheslav Zakosarenko;Matthias Meyer;Ronny Stolz","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3545212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3545212","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we have developed a scalable superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-based microwave multiplexer (µMUX) readout architecture adapted for arrays of transition edge sensors (TESs) to be exploited in a terahertz security camera. The camera system combines a scanning optics together with a 128-pixel TES array and aims for security gate operations with a standoff detection distance of up to 25 m. The developed frequency-domain µMUX is used to read out all feed-horn-coupled TESs based on aluminum thermistors, with noise limited by intrinsic TES noise. Both the TESs and µMUXs are operated in a compact cryostat with a base temperature of about 0.9 K. The µMUX has been fabricated in the cross-type <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{Nb}/ text{AlO}_{rm{x}}/ text{Nb}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Josephson junction process developed at the Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology and incorporates high-quality superconducting thin-film resonators with resonant frequencies in the range of 5–6 GHz. An accordingly implemented field-programmable-gate-array-based readout electronics enables the simultaneous and continuous real-time readout of 128 rf-SQUIDs, including a flux ramp modulation scheme. In operation with the aluminum TES, we achieved a dark noise equivalent power of about <inline-formula><tex-math>$2.5; text{fW}/ text{Hz}^{1/ 2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> while providing a TES readout rate of 3.75 kHz, necessary for a video frame rate of 25 Hz of the security camera.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 3","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of a Large-Scale Non-Insulated Non-Planar HTS Stellarator Coil Using Quanscient Allsolve","authors":"Tara Benkel;Mika Lyly;Janne Ruuskanen;Alexandre Halbach;Valtteri Lahtinen;Nicolo Riva","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3545407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3545407","url":null,"abstract":"Stellarators present features such as steady-state operation and intrinsic stability that make them more attractive than tokamaks in their scaling to fusion power plants. By leveraging more possible configurations, stellarators can be optimized for better engineering feasibility, e.g., resilience to manufacturing tolerances, reduced mechanical load on conductor, material optimization, cost of fabrication. Finite Element Analyses are crucial for the design and optimization of High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) <italic>RE</i>BCO non-planar coils. However, accurate simulation of large-scale magnetostatic, mechanical, and quench models can take days or even weeks to compute. In this work, we present a model of a real-size, HTS, non-insulated, non-planar stellarator coil and perform in Quanscient Allsolve®, a transient simulation study including modelling quench, using the <inline-formula><tex-math>$H - varphi $</tex-math></inline-formula> formulation. It is shown that transient model benefits heavily from the built-in Domain Decomposition Method (DDM), which allows reaching reasonable computation times. Such models become then invaluable in predicting and understanding the complex behavior of non-insulated large-scale <italic>RE</i>BCO magnets, including their intrinsic energy imbalance.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3529276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3529276","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 2","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10902337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Superconducting Neuromorphic Computing Using Single-Flux-Quantum Circuits","authors":"Zeshi Liu;Shuo Chen;Peiyao Qu;Guangming Tang;Haihang You","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3544687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3544687","url":null,"abstract":"Current artificial intelligence faces challenges in improving computational efficiency due to increasing scale and complexity. Superconducting circuit, as one of the most promising technologies in the post-Moore era, offers ultrahigh-speed computation and ultralow power consumption. Superconducting circuits are driven by pulses, which enables direct execution of pulse-based neuromorphic computing. Consequently, superconducting circuits hold the potential to facilitate higher efficiency and larger scale neuromorphic chips. However, existing efforts neglect the limitations and constraints of superconducting circuits, such as the extra overhead of pulse-based logic, the lack of superconducting memory, and low integration. Hence, their work cannot be utilized in fabricating real superconducting neuromorphic chips. This article introduces superconducting spiking neural network (SSNN), which aims to enable full neuromorphic computing on superconducting circuits. The design of SSNN addresses key issues including a superconducting circuit-based neuron model, weight processing methods suitable for superconducting pulses, and superconducting neuromorphic on-chip networks. SSNN enables complete neuromorphic computing on superconducting circuits. We validate the feasibility and accuracy of SSNN using a standard cell library of superconducting circuits and successfully fabricate the world's first superconducting neuromorphic chip. Our evaluation demonstrates a remarkable <inline-formula> <tex-math>$50times$</tex-math></inline-formula> increase in power efficiency compared to state-of-the-art semiconductor designs.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 3","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Simulations of Dynamic Resistance and Total Loss on HTS CORC Cables at Various Temperatures","authors":"Yukai Qiao;Nicholas M. Strickland;Zhenan Jiang","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3544568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3544568","url":null,"abstract":"Conductor on round core (CORC) cables carry a dc current under ac magnetic fields when applied onto the field windings of rotating machines, high-field magnets, and maglev systems. The resulting total loss, consisting of magnetization loss from external ac field and dynamic loss due to the interactions between the dc current and the ac field, will cause power dissipations in the cryogenic system. In this work, the dynamic resistance (<inline-formula><tex-math>$R_{text{dyn}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) and total loss in a spiral tape and two CORC cables assembled with 4-mm wide REBCO coated conductors are numerically obtained under ac field amplitudes up to 500 mT and temperatures ranging from 30 K to 77.5 K, with dc current levels <italic>i</i> (<inline-formula><tex-math>$I_{text{dc}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula><tex-math>$I_{c0}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) from 0.05 to 0.9 where <inline-formula><tex-math>$I_{text{dc}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the transport current value and <inline-formula><tex-math>$I_{c0}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the self-field critical current at each temperature. Simulation results show the effective penetration field <inline-formula><tex-math>$B_{text{eff}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, where the peaks of the normalized magnetization loss without current, <inline-formula><tex-math>$Q_{m,0}$</tex-math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula><tex-math>$B_{mathrm{m}^{2}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, of the spiral tape, one-layer Cable A, and two-layer Cable B, shifts to a large value with decreasing temperatures due to the increase of critical currents. In addition, the threshold field <inline-formula><tex-math>$B_{text{th}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> together with the normalized <inline-formula><tex-math>$B_{text{th}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula><tex-math>$I_{c0}$</tex-math></inline-formula> at three temperatures of the spiral tape and Cable A can be estimated using the equation for a superconducting strip, while that of values for Cable B are higher than the analytical curves due to the shielding effect. A finite dynamic loss <inline-formula><tex-math>$Q_{text{dyn}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> below <inline-formula><tex-math>$B_{text{th}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> for three models at all temperatures is observed and this is due to a nonzero electric field caused by flux creep. The total loss at higher fields increases as temperature decreases from 77.5 K to 30 K except for <italic>i</i> ≥ 0.5 at 77.5 K and <italic>i</i> = 0.9 at 50 K where the occurrence of flux flow loss leads to a surge in total loss.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 3","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Polyethylene as Lapped Tape Electrical Insulation for Helium Gas Cooled HTS Power Cables","authors":"Emilio Manzo;William A. Touza;Gage Bednarz;Nagaraju Guvvala;Arup Kumar Das;Peter Cheetham;Sastry V. Pamidi","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3544617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3544617","url":null,"abstract":"Polyethylene (PE) was studied as electrical insulation materials for high temperature superconducting (HTS) power cables using lapped tape electrical insulation design. Gaseous Helium (GHe) cooled HTS cables for electric transport applications were the focus of the study. Electric field distribution was modeled using finite element methods (FEM) for both AC and DC conditions. The partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) measurements of two test cables were performed under AC and DC conditions at cryogenic temperature. A 3-hour DC soak test was also performed to assess partial discharge behavior under transient DC electric field. The implications of the results were discussed in the context of the electrical insulation system design for GHe-cooled HTS cables in electric transport applications.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Impact of BaCuO2-CuO Ratio on YBCO Thin Film Growth via Transient Liquid-Assisted Fluorine-Free Metal Organic Deposition","authors":"Xinghang Zhou;Yixue Fu;Zhiyong Liu;Rongtie Huang;Jing Chen;Minjuan Li;Chuanbing Cai","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540835","url":null,"abstract":"This article utilizes a fluorine-free metal organic deposition method (FF-MOD) combined with transient liquid-assisted growth (TLAG) technology to prepare <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{YBa}_{2}text{Cu}_{3}text{O}_{7-delta }$</tex-math></inline-formula> (YBCO) superconducting thin films, achieving growth rates exceeding 60 nm/s on metallic substrates. A bilayer coating method was employed, introducing a layer of fluorine-containing material of varying thickness before applying the fluorine-free layer. This approach allowed the adjustment of carbon content in the FF layer through the diffusion of fluorine. Ultimately, different <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{BaCuO}_{2}-text{CuO}$</tex-math></inline-formula> ratio bilayer films were obtained during the crystallization process to study their effects on the generation of Ba-Cu-O liquid phase, as well as the growth rate, orientation, and texture of YBCO. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the reaction processes and mechanisms for achieving rapid growth of YBCO films based on the Ba-Cu-O liquid phase, addressing gaps in the field and providing valuable guidance.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Transverse Compressive Stress on CORC Cables Under Various Mechanical Support Conditions","authors":"Yang Guo;Shengchen Xue;Michael D. Sumption;Edward W. Collings","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3544606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3544606","url":null,"abstract":"CORC ReBCO cables are promising conductors for the next generation of high-performance cables for high-field accelerator magnets. However, because significant mechanical stress is inevitable in high field magnet applications, the deformation and damage of these cables under large stresses should be explored. Focusing on high field accelerator dipole inserts for a moment, various mechanical configurations for the winding are under consideration, which may affect cable performance. Therefore, the relationship between mechanical support conditions and the mechanical performance of CORC ReBCO cable under transverse compressive stress should be explored. In this study, the effects of transverse pressure on CORC cables with either side support during pressure application, or epoxy impregnation, or both, were investigated. Several segments of a particular CORC cable were used in four different mechanical configurations; (i) as received, (ii) unpotted but with side support, (iii) potted without side support, and (iv) potted and with side support. A material Testing System (MTS model 43) was utilized to compress our samples up to 30 kN in four different supporting conditions as listed above. Samples were autopsied using optical as well as scanning electron microscopy after the completion of the mechanical tests. As a result, we found that the support conditions enhance the mechanical performance of the CORC cable by extending the elastic-plastic transition load to a larger stress level, and we also observe cleavage cracks after the completion of the compressive stress test.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Energy Consumption of a SMES Cooled by Liquid Hydrogen in a Fuel Cell-Battery System","authors":"Kexing Li;Ke Li;Yutong Fu;Liang Zou;Longhao Yang;Weihang Peng;Yawei Wang","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3544588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3544588","url":null,"abstract":"The use of liquid hydrogen (<inline-formula><tex-math>$text{LH}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) in fuel cell-powered ships has been studied. However, directly heating <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{LH}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to the operating temperature of the fuel cell requires considerable energy consumption. The heat generated from AC losses in superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) during operation must be promptly removed by the refrigeration system. <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{LH}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is considered a promising superconducting refrigeration medium. Therefore, this paper establishes a <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{LH}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> -fuel cell-SMES electric-thermal integrated system, wherein <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{LH}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is utilized for SMES refrigeration and as a fuel supply for the fuel cell. The system's refrigeration and fuel supply demands were determined by calculating the SMES AC losses and the fuel cell hydrogen consumption under three different energy management strategies. The preliminary heating of <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{LH}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is achieved through SMES refrigeration, followed by expansion work and heat generated by the fuel cell to meet the operational conditions required by the fuel cell. Results indicate that under the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS), the fuel cell achieves the lowest hydrogen consumption, albeit with the highest overall system energy consumption. The AC loss optimization Strategy A minimizes SMES AC losses, reducing the load on the refrigeration system but increasing hydrogen consumption. Strategy B optimally balances SMES AC losses and fuel cell hydrogen consumption, resulting in fuel cell hydrogen consumption nearly identical to that under ECMS, significantly lower than under Strategy A, and with overall system energy consumption lower than that under ECMS.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal, Structural, and Rotordynamics Refinements to the Superconducting Rotor of a 1.4 MW Partially Superconducting Machine for Electrified Aircraft","authors":"Justin J. Scheidler;Thomas F. Tallerico;Erik J. Stalcup;Kirsten P. Duffy","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540733","url":null,"abstract":"NASA is developing the high efficiency megawatt motor (HEMM), a 1.4 MW partially superconducting machine, to address the need for highly efficient, lightweight, MW-class machines to support aviation sustainability efforts. This paper presents progress on the thermal, structural, and rotordynamics aspects of HEMM's superconducting rotor. A thermal model of the rotor is correlated to existing data from a thermo-electrical test of the rotor using emissivity measurements of gold-coated rotor parts. Sources of error in the uncorrelated thermal model and lessons learned from the correlated model are presented. An updated structural design of the HEMM rotor is presented and compared to the prior design. Finite element analysis demonstrates that the updated design improves stress margins while reducing magnetic flux leakage and retaining thermal performance. The key conclusions of the rotordynamics design are presented.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}