IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity最新文献

{"title":"Development of a Neuromorphic Network Using BioSFQ Circuits","authors":"Evan B. Golden;Vasili K. Semenov;Sergey K. Tolpygo","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3538699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3538699","url":null,"abstract":"Superconductor electronics (SCE) appear promising for low-energy applications. However, the achieved and projected circuit densities are insufficient for direct competition with CMOS technology. Original algorithms and nontraditional architectures are required for realizing SCE energy advantages for computing. Neuromorphic computing (NMC) is a commonly discussed deviation from conventional CMOS digital solutions. Instead of mimicking a conventional network of artificial neurons, we compose a network from the previously demonstrated single flux quantum (SFQ) electronics components which we termed bioSFQ. We present a design and operation of a new neuromorphic circuit containing a 3 × 3 array of bioSFQ cells − superconductor artificial neurons − capable of performing various analog functions and based on Josephson junction comparators with complementary outputs. The resultant asynchronous network closely resembles a three-layer perceptron. We also present superconductor analog memory and the memory Read/Write interface implemented with the neural network. The circuits were fabricated in the SFQ5ee process at MIT Lincoln Laboratory.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Design for the WIQ Magnet With Steering Corrector Function","authors":"Xiaoji Du;Yoonhyuck Choi;Mauricio Portillo;David Greene;John Wenstrom;Hai Nguyen;Danlu Zhang;Christopher Jones;Bradley M. Sherrill;Ting Xu","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3541022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3541022","url":null,"abstract":"The Facility for Rare Isotopes Beams (FRIB) delivers heavy-ion primary beams at energies of up to 300 MeV/u at 10 kW of beam power to generate rare isotope beams for experiments and will eventually operate at beam power of 400 kW. The preseprator of the Advanced Rare Isotope Separator (ARIS) is equipped with six warm-iron quadrupole (WIQ) singlets and two dipoles integrated right after the production target. They have a compact structure and operate in a high radiation vacuum environment within a hot cell having remote handling capabilities for installation and maintenance. Due to asymmetry with respect to the quadrupole poles, nested sextupole excitations in WIQs induce vertical dipoles that offset the centroid trajectory; Magnet misalignments also result in trajectory offsets. Such offsets degrade separator performance but can be minimized by changing the current distribution on sextupole and octupole coils. In this work, we show how modifications to the WIQ coil design can allow superimposed dipole fields to be included to the octupole and sextupole windings, as well as addition of dipole components by splitting coil currents over groups with separator power supplies. Adjusting the group currents can cancel the sextupole-induced vertical dipole component which can be as high as 0.012 Tm. Octupole coil changes may superimpose a horizontal dipole integrated strength as high as 0.0332 Tm. Unwanted higher harmonics induced as a side effect of the new design are kept to a minimum such that separator performance is preserved as much as possible.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on No-Insulation HTS Coil With Solder-Free Lap Joint Inserted","authors":"Geonyoung Kim;Hyunsoo Park;Wonseok Jang;Jonghoon Yoon;Jeonghwan Park;Chaemin Im;Jaemin Kim;Seungyong Hahn","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540812","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a method for fabricating high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils that does not require any soldering. No-insulation (NI) winding technique was used to fabricate double-pancake (DP) HTS coils with a “contact lap joint,” which is a lap joint without any soldering. The coils were cooled to 77 K in a liquid nitrogen bath and tested for performance using measurements of terminal voltage and central magnetic field. We also applied a lumped-circuit model to the coils to estimate key magnet parameters, including critical current, n-value, and joint resistance. Finally, we discussed the relationship between winding stress and joint resistivity, as well as the Joule heat dissipation caused by the contact lap joint.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Strength Enhancement of the Internal Matrix Reinforced Nb3Sn Multifilamentary Wires Using Cu-Sn-In Ternary Bronze Alloy Matrices by HIP Processing","authors":"Y. Hishinuma;H. Oguro;H. Noto;H. Yata;H. Taniguchi;S. Awaji;A. Kikuchi","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540804","url":null,"abstract":"We are approaching to high mechanical strength of bronze processed Nb₃Sn wire by internal matrix reinforcement using Cu-Sn-In ternary alloy. The In solute element remained homogeneously in the wire matrix after Nb₃Sn synthesis, and it contributed to transforming (Cu, In) solid solutions. And (Cu, In) solid solution acted as the protective material of Nb₃Sn phase and contributed to improving the mechanical strength of the Nb₃Sn wire. In this study, we investigated the Hot Isostatic Press (HIP) treatment on the further mechanical strength improvement of internal matrix reinforced Nb₃Sn wire. Tensile stress and strain sensitivities of transport critical current (<inline-formula><tex-math>$I_{c}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) property were enhanced by HIP processing because many micro-sized vacancies, which were the origin points of the fatigue on the (Cu, In) matrix, were removed. We found the HIP treatment contributes to mechanical strength enhancement of the internal matrix reinforced Nb₃Sn wire.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143496502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Study on Effect of Boundary Conditions and Winding Compressibility on Screening Current Induced Stress","authors":"Jeonghwan Park;Yufan Yan;Jaemin Kim;Geonyoung Kim;Jonghoon Yoon;Wonseok Jang;Seungyong Hahn","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3538680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3538680","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical modeling of screening current-induced stress simulation is a complex numerical problem, especially when considering all contacts between turns of no-insulation coils. To avoid complex modeling of every stacked coil, modeling individual single pancake coils with certain boundary conditions or grouping several turns as one turn has been widely investigated. Winding compressibility which is known to reduce overall Young's modulus of winding may be another key factor to consider turn-to-turn contact of dry wound magnets (e.g. no insulation coils). In this study, we discuss how mechanical boundary conditions and winding compressibility affect screening current analysis results based on numerical simulation.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test Results and Analysis of the MQYYM Magnet at 1.9 K in STAARQ, a New CEA Paris-Saclay Test Facility","authors":"S. Perraud;H. Allain;T. Boussuge;N. Commaux;R. Correia-Machado;P. De Antoni;H. Felice;A. Foussat;J.M. Gheller;Q. Guihard;M. Guinchard;R. Godon;D. Medioni;F. Molinié;J.C. Perez;D. Perini;J. Relland;M. Segreti;D. Simon;N. Solenne;E. Todesco;S. Trieste","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540801","url":null,"abstract":"In the initial framework of HL-LHC project, a 90 mm Nb-Ti single aperture quadrupole short model with a gradient of 120 T/m at 1.9 K, has been designed, manufactured and firstly tested at 4.2 K as part of a collaboration between CERN and CEA. This magnet called MQYYM has been recently tested for the first time at 1.9 K and used as a reference magnet for the commissioning of the new CEA Paris-Saclay cryogenic test facility STAARQ (standing for test station for quadrupole accelerator magnets). This test station has been developed to test superconducting magnets up to 5 m-long at 1.9 K in a 1 bara helium bath with a lambda plate. Magnets can be powered up to 13 kA thanks to hybrid HTS current leads. It relies on digital and analog MSS (Magnet Safety System) for quench detection as well as on several types of instrumentation, from voltage taps and temperature sensors to strain gauges. This paper describes and analyzes the test results of MQYYM at 4.6 K and 1.9 K as part of the facility commissioning, with a special focus on mechanical measurements and protection results. In particular, it will conclude on the protection heater validation, necessary for the upcoming MQYY tests.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal for an Alternative Criterion for Critical Current in HTS Coils","authors":"Sung-Kyu Kim;Changhyung Lee;Junil Kim;Hongsoo Ha","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540723","url":null,"abstract":"The critical current represents a fundamental performance of superconducting coils and their applications. It defines the limit of the ability to transfer current as a superconductor. Despite the disparate magnetic field environments experienced by HTS wires when current flows through HTS wire or coil, the identical criteria are used to define the critical current. The criteria employed in research papers over the past decade were reviewed and ambiguities were identified. To further clarify the criteria, the critical current of an HTS coil was estimated using FEM simulation, and an alternative method and criterion for determining the critical current was proposed. The HTS coil was wound, and the critical current was measured and compared using the conventional of 100 μV/m and proposed criteria. The results were discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Quench Analysis and Mechanical Considerations for No-Insulation HTS Racetrack Field Coils in a 5 MW Superconducting Motor","authors":"JuKyung Cha;Geonyoung Kim;Chaemin Im;Jonghoon Yoon;Jaheum Koo;Seungyong Hahn","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540783","url":null,"abstract":"High-power-density superconducting motors are essential for the electrification of transportation systems. High-temperature superconducting (HTS) motors with no-insulation (NI) windings have advantages in achieving high current density, stability, and protection. In this paper, a 5 MW motor is designed, featuring high-energy NI HTS field coils. A post-quench analysis was conducted to investigate its characteristics. Considering critical current and mutual inductance, a lumped circuit model was used to simulate the quench. Thermal modeling was performed to evaluate the temperature rise. Simulation results show an azimuthal overcurrent of 130% of the operating current and a temperature rise of 117 K. Stress analysis for each racetrack coil was conducted, revealing a maximum hoop stress of 882 MPa, which can lead to the degradation of the critical current. To reinforce the racetrack coils, the required preload was calculated, reducing the stress to 463 MPa.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetization in ReBCO-Based CORC Cables in Magnetic Fields up to 30 T for Accelerator Applications","authors":"T. Garg;J. Jaroszynski;E.S. Choi;M.D. Sumption;M. Majoros;E.W. Collings","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540991","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents experimental measurements of the magnetization of ReBCO CORC cables in magnetic fields up to 30 T at 4.2 K. Such data are relevant for accelerator, fusion, and other potential applications. The cable was comprised of 29 ReBCO tapes, with a cable OD of 3.63 mm and cable pitch of 7.16 mm. The tapes were 2 mm wide, had a substrate thickness of 30 µm, and a Cu plating thickness of 5 µm. The cable had an <inline-formula><tex-math>${I}_{mathrm{c}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of 1675 A at 77 K and self-field. The CORC cable was received from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) with ID 170131-Berkeley. We used a susceptibility technique, with the NHMFL's Bitter (resistive) magnet acting as the primary coil. We constructed a sample holder with a pick-up coil (secondary) as well as a compensation coil. The CORC cables were measured first as a single and then a three-stack CORC, placed with the field perpendicular to the conductor length. Magnetization (M) versus applied magnetic field (μ₀H) was measured for field sweeps with amplitudes up to ± 30 T. Additionally, “accelerator-like” magnetic cycles were performed. Here, the field, initially at some low (1 T) “injection” field was increased to the maximum (“collision”) field, ramped back to some hold field near zero (<inline-formula><tex-math>${B}_{mathrm{h}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>), and then increased to the nominal injection field again, mimicking operational conditions relevant to particle accelerators. The magnetization at injection (taken here as 1 T) was observed to be ≅ 1100 kA/m. Furthermore, the penetration field (<inline-formula><tex-math>${B}_{mathrm{p}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>), which defines the point at which flux reaches the center of the conductor, was found to increase from 1.2 to 2 T when we moved from a single-stack to a three-stack of cables. These measurements are important for understanding the CORC cable's implementation in high-field applications such as particle accelerators.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation into the Electromagnetic-ThermalHydraulic Behavior of in-Grid HTS Power Cables Utilizing Field-Circuit Method","authors":"Hanyu Liang;Xuan Zhou;Jie Sheng;Yanjun Chen;Zhijian Jin","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540984","url":null,"abstract":"For years, high temperature superconducting (HTS) power cables have operated stably in grids, but their rarity of faults in demonstration projects has hindered reliability evaluations. This paper addresses this challenge by introducing the field-circuit coupling model for kilometer-long HTS cables, incorporating T-A electromagnetic and 3-D thermal-hydraulic modeling to simulate their transient behaviors during cooling system failures. The maximum fault duration and the allowable maximum maintenance time of 1.5 h and 72 h are determined, respectively. Finally, the recovery capabilities are also studied to verify the operating boundaries of in-grid cables under faults.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143496501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}