IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity最新文献

{"title":"Short Circuit Analysis of a Fully Superconducting 10 MW Wind Generator","authors":"Jannis Sindram;Matthias Kalla;Sebastian Lengsfeld;Marco Jung","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3537948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3537948","url":null,"abstract":"Transient short circuit simulations of conventional machines are well known and offer the possibility of predicting the short circuit behavior of a machine with a high degree of accuracy. Although the ohmic resistance in the superconducting state is negligible, the non-linearity during quenching is difficult to integrate into a model. In order to predict the thermal or mechanical destruction of the superconductor, calculation models are required that take into account the classic machine models and the physical behavior of the superconductor. This paper presents an extended calculation model with a transient finite element (FE) simulation for a fully superconducting wind generator. The model considers the critical current of a superconductor with the influence of the layer structure of the High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) tape. In addition, an analytical calculation model is presented, which is compared with the FE model.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Calcium Doping on BaZrO3 / YBa2Cu3O7-δ Multilayer Film Properties Over a Range of Film Thickness","authors":"Mary Ann Sebastian;Charlie Ebbing;Victor Ogunjimi;Mohan Panth;Aafiya;Judy Wu;Di Zhang;Motteo Moceri;Jianan Shen;Haiyan Wang;Timothy Haugan","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540827","url":null,"abstract":"Incorporating <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{BaZrO}_{3},(text{BZO})$</tex-math></inline-formula> nanorods in <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{YBa}_{2}text{Cu}_{3}text{O}_{7-delta },(text{YBCO})$</tex-math></inline-formula> thin films has resulted in increased flux pinning and current density of the superconducting films. The lattice mismatch between the BZO nanorods and the YBCO matrix, however, leads to a defective interface, which inhibits attaining optimum performance. Our previous research has shown that inserting Ca doped YBCO space layers between layers of BZO doped YBCO in multilayer films produced by pulsed laser deposition, has the ability to repair this interface, leading to improved performance. This research further explores the degree of this interface repair and limits that may exist as the BZO/YBCO layer thickness is increased beyond 50 nm. Magnetic current density and flux pinning will be measured for temperatures ranging from 5 K–65 K and fields from 0–9 Tesla, presenting results applicable for high temperature and low field, mid temperature and mid field, and low temperature high field applications.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Pole Pitch on the Performance of Superconducting Machines for Various Applications","authors":"Dong Liu;Jiaxi Lin;Lassi Aarniovuori","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540818","url":null,"abstract":"High temperature superconducting (HTS) machines have been proposed for drive train applications which require a high torque density or high specific power, such as wind turbines or electric aircraft. The thickness of the cryostat wall and the thermal insulation included in the magnetic air gap highly affects the torque production of a partially HTS machine. The paper aims at 1) discovering how the magnetic air gap length and pole pitch are selected by varying their ratio <inline-formula><tex-math>$g_{mathrm{{mag}}}/tau _{mathrm{{p}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, and 2) revealing the effects of the ratio on various applications of partially HTS machines. The research does not depend on specific design of the cryostat and thermal insulation but models them as a part of the magnetic air gap length. The ratio <inline-formula><tex-math>$g_{mathrm{{mag}}}/tau _{mathrm{{p}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> was selected to cover a wide range of design possibilities. Four topologies were compared to see their suitability for different ratios of <inline-formula><tex-math>$g_{mathrm{{mag}}}/tau _{mathrm{{p}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Both a distributed winding and a concentrated winding were considered. Compared to the distributed winding, the concentrated winding is more sensitive to the change of <inline-formula><tex-math>$g_{mathrm{{mag}}}/tau _{mathrm{{p}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> because the pole pitch is relatively small. A smaller pole pitch allows for more options of topologies especially for the concentrated winding if the minimum <inline-formula><tex-math>$g_{mathrm{{mag}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> can be small enough. If the minimum <inline-formula><tex-math>$g_{mathrm{{mag}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is too large, the distributed winding option may be better because of its less sensitivity to a rising <inline-formula><tex-math>$g_{mathrm{{mag}}}/tau _{mathrm{{p}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Regarding applications, more topology options are available for HTS machines with a small pole pitch, such as high-speed propulsion motors. In this case, iron stator and non-iron teeth topologies may also be considered in addition to the fully iron topology. The topology option space is quite limited for HTS machines with a large pole pitch, such as wind turbine generators. In this application, the fully iron topology is still most torque-productive.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10882965","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss and Thermal Analysis of a High Temperature Superconducting Central Solenoid for Tokamak","authors":"Mianjun Xiao;Peng Song;Yulong Liu;Liangjun Shao;Ziyang Xu;Timing Qu","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540825","url":null,"abstract":"During operation, the central solenoid (CS) magnet in the Tokamak undergoes rapid charging-discharging cycles, resulting in significant AC losses. In this study, a loss and thermal analysis of a high temperature superconducting (HTS) CS magnet during operation was conducted. The magnet consists of 6 sub-magnets, each with 19 double pancakes (DPs), which are cooled to 20 K by helium gas in the cooling plates. The T-A model coupled with the equivalent circuit model was employed to calculate the hysteresis and coupling losses in the REBCO stacks. Additionally, eddy current losses in the copper layer of the REBCO tapes and the magnet structure were evaluated through the analytical formula and Finite Element Method (FEM) model under the uniform current assumption, respectively. A thermal model incorporating helium gas flow was developed to predict the temperature rise within the CS magnet. AC losses calculated during operation were integrated into the thermal model as heat sources, enabling quantitative analysis of the magnet's temperature evolution.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryogenic Microcalorimeter Prototype Using the Magnetic Superconducting Transition","authors":"L. R. Pant;A. Sharma;N. Mirabolfathi;R. Mahapatra;I. V. Borzenets;P. S. Finnegan;C. L. Arrington;C. St John;S. M. Carr","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540729","url":null,"abstract":"We present experimental results from a cryogenic microcalorimeter prototype based on the magnetic superconducting transition. For the devices reported here, the change in the magnetic flux from a microscale disk of electrodeposited tin may be detected by a planar pickup coil consisting of a niobium thin film. We experimentally demonstrate the magnetic superconducting transition of a microscale tin disk using four-terminal alternating-current measurement of the niobium pickup coil. We observe a shift in the magnetic superconducting transition temperature for a device subjected to a cryogenic source of ionizing radiation. We present experimental data without and with a cryogenic source of ionizing radiation as an experimental demonstration applicable to cryogenic microcalorimetry.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient Behavior of the Second Fusillo Subscale Curved CCT Magnet","authors":"M. Wozniak;A. Devred;R. Ferriere;A. Haziot;F. J. Mangiarotti;G. Kirby;M. Pentella;C. Petrone;E. Ravaioli;A. Verweij","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540828","url":null,"abstract":"The Fusillo project at CERN aims to design and build a demonstrator magnet with multi-harmonic corrected fields in a 90°, curved, Canted-Cosine-Theta magnet. Two subscale magnets are built with 30° bending, about 1/30 of the demonstrator conductor length, and increased current to reach coil stresses equivalent to those of the demonstrator. These magnets enable qualification of the technology developments, fabrication methods, winding and assembly procedures, magnetic and quench protection design and measurement setups. The second Fusillo subscale magnet had dedicated instrumentation, including temperature sensors, a heater on the aluminium formers, and a set of sensing coils positioned in the curved bore. The magnet voltage and current were also measured. A specific powering sequence was applied to the magnet, including forced energy extractions. The eddy currents and heat propagation in the formers and the windings are simulated in three dimensions. A cooperative simulation approach was used, which involves tools developed at CERN as part of the STEAM framework: FiQuS, a finite element-based tool, and LEDET, a finite difference-based tool. The measurement results are compared with simulations, and the key aspects of the magnet transient behaviour are discussed. The simulation model inputs are refined using the measurement results, and the methodology for doing this is presented.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10882959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Neuromorphic Network Using BioSFQ Circuits","authors":"Evan B. Golden;Vasili K. Semenov;Sergey K. Tolpygo","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3538699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3538699","url":null,"abstract":"Superconductor electronics (SCE) appear promising for low-energy applications. However, the achieved and projected circuit densities are insufficient for direct competition with CMOS technology. Original algorithms and nontraditional architectures are required for realizing SCE energy advantages for computing. Neuromorphic computing (NMC) is a commonly discussed deviation from conventional CMOS digital solutions. Instead of mimicking a conventional network of artificial neurons, we compose a network from the previously demonstrated single flux quantum (SFQ) electronics components which we termed bioSFQ. We present a design and operation of a new neuromorphic circuit containing a 3 × 3 array of bioSFQ cells − superconductor artificial neurons − capable of performing various analog functions and based on Josephson junction comparators with complementary outputs. The resultant asynchronous network closely resembles a three-layer perceptron. We also present superconductor analog memory and the memory Read/Write interface implemented with the neural network. The circuits were fabricated in the SFQ5ee process at MIT Lincoln Laboratory.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Design for the WIQ Magnet With Steering Corrector Function","authors":"Xiaoji Du;Yoonhyuck Choi;Mauricio Portillo;David Greene;John Wenstrom;Hai Nguyen;Danlu Zhang;Christopher Jones;Bradley M. Sherrill;Ting Xu","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3541022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3541022","url":null,"abstract":"The Facility for Rare Isotopes Beams (FRIB) delivers heavy-ion primary beams at energies of up to 300 MeV/u at 10 kW of beam power to generate rare isotope beams for experiments and will eventually operate at beam power of 400 kW. The preseprator of the Advanced Rare Isotope Separator (ARIS) is equipped with six warm-iron quadrupole (WIQ) singlets and two dipoles integrated right after the production target. They have a compact structure and operate in a high radiation vacuum environment within a hot cell having remote handling capabilities for installation and maintenance. Due to asymmetry with respect to the quadrupole poles, nested sextupole excitations in WIQs induce vertical dipoles that offset the centroid trajectory; Magnet misalignments also result in trajectory offsets. Such offsets degrade separator performance but can be minimized by changing the current distribution on sextupole and octupole coils. In this work, we show how modifications to the WIQ coil design can allow superimposed dipole fields to be included to the octupole and sextupole windings, as well as addition of dipole components by splitting coil currents over groups with separator power supplies. Adjusting the group currents can cancel the sextupole-induced vertical dipole component which can be as high as 0.012 Tm. Octupole coil changes may superimpose a horizontal dipole integrated strength as high as 0.0332 Tm. Unwanted higher harmonics induced as a side effect of the new design are kept to a minimum such that separator performance is preserved as much as possible.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on No-Insulation HTS Coil With Solder-Free Lap Joint Inserted","authors":"Geonyoung Kim;Hyunsoo Park;Wonseok Jang;Jonghoon Yoon;Jeonghwan Park;Chaemin Im;Jaemin Kim;Seungyong Hahn","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540812","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a method for fabricating high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils that does not require any soldering. No-insulation (NI) winding technique was used to fabricate double-pancake (DP) HTS coils with a “contact lap joint,” which is a lap joint without any soldering. The coils were cooled to 77 K in a liquid nitrogen bath and tested for performance using measurements of terminal voltage and central magnetic field. We also applied a lumped-circuit model to the coils to estimate key magnet parameters, including critical current, n-value, and joint resistance. Finally, we discussed the relationship between winding stress and joint resistivity, as well as the Joule heat dissipation caused by the contact lap joint.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Strength Enhancement of the Internal Matrix Reinforced Nb3Sn Multifilamentary Wires Using Cu-Sn-In Ternary Bronze Alloy Matrices by HIP Processing","authors":"Y. Hishinuma;H. Oguro;H. Noto;H. Yata;H. Taniguchi;S. Awaji;A. Kikuchi","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540804","url":null,"abstract":"We are approaching to high mechanical strength of bronze processed Nb₃Sn wire by internal matrix reinforcement using Cu-Sn-In ternary alloy. The In solute element remained homogeneously in the wire matrix after Nb₃Sn synthesis, and it contributed to transforming (Cu, In) solid solutions. And (Cu, In) solid solution acted as the protective material of Nb₃Sn phase and contributed to improving the mechanical strength of the Nb₃Sn wire. In this study, we investigated the Hot Isostatic Press (HIP) treatment on the further mechanical strength improvement of internal matrix reinforced Nb₃Sn wire. Tensile stress and strain sensitivities of transport critical current (<inline-formula><tex-math>$I_{c}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) property were enhanced by HIP processing because many micro-sized vacancies, which were the origin points of the fatigue on the (Cu, In) matrix, were removed. We found the HIP treatment contributes to mechanical strength enhancement of the internal matrix reinforced Nb₃Sn wire.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143496502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}