IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity最新文献

{"title":"2024 Index IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity Vol. 34","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3525839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3525839","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 9","pages":"1-251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10827842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Adiabatic Quantum-Flux-Parametrons in the MIT LL SFQ5ee+ Process","authors":"Sergey K. Tolpygo;Evan B. Golden;Christopher L. Ayala;Lieze Schindler;Michael A. Johnston;Neel Parmar;Nobuyuki Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3526115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3526115","url":null,"abstract":"Adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) superconductor logic is a proven energy-efficient digital technology for various applications. To address the scalability challenges of this technology, we investigated AQFP shift registers with the AQFP footprint area reduced by 25% with respect to prior work and with the >2× denser overall circuit designs obtained by eliminating the previously used free space between the AQFPs. We also investigated AQFP cells with different designs of flux trapping moats in the superconducting ground plane as well as compact AQFP cells that took advantage of the smaller feature sizes available in the new fabrication process, SFQ5ee+, at MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT LL). This new process features nine planarized Nb layers with a 0.25 µm minimum linewidth. The fabricated circuits were tested in a liquid He immersion probe and a commercial closed-cycle cryocooler using a controlled cooling rate through the superconducting critical temperature, <italic>T</i> _c. Using multiple thermal cycles, we investigated flux trapping in the dense AQFP shift registers as well as in the registers using the old (sparse) AQFP designs at two levels of the residual magnetic field, about 0.53 µT and about 1.2 µT. The sparse designs demonstrated 95% to almost 100% probability of operation after the cooldown and very wide operation margins, although the flux trapping probability was increasing with circuit complexities. The margins were similarly wide in the newer dense designs, but flux trapping probability that rendered the registers nonoperational was significantly, by an order of magnitude, higher in these denser circuits and was also very sensitive to the moats’ shape and location. Our findings indicate that AQFP circuits are amendable to increasing the scale of integration and further densification, but a careful moat design and optimization are required to reduce flux trapping effects in the dense AQFP circuits.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The B1APF Large Aperture Interaction Region Dipole","authors":"Mithlesh Kumar;Jesse Schmalzle;Ramesh Gupta;Piyush Joshi;Mike Anerella;Holger Witte","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3526075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3526075","url":null,"abstract":"Brookhaven National Laboratory is hosting the Electron Ion Collider (EIC). B1APF dipole is the last magnet near the interaction point #6. The longitudinal geometrical space available for this magnet is 1.5 m. The diameter of the coil mandrel is 370 mm. The 3-dimensional coil ends design is particularly challenging because of this large aspect ratio. The coil operating current and operating temperature are 12600 A and 1.9 K respectively. It produces an integrated dipole field of 4.05 Tm. The coil is wound with a NbTi Rutherford cable which is 15.1 mm wide and 1.8 mm thick. The parameters for the 3D end design optimization are obtained after a series of winding tests on a real mandrel with the given cable. This study discusses the latest design based on 1) sensitivity studies on variations in wedge thicknesses and variations in B-H data, and 2) experimental data from the winding trials, analysis and its implementation in the 3D design of this magnet.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements of Heat Release Associated With the Mechanical Transients in Superconducting Magnets","authors":"A. Saravanan;M. Marchevsky;D. Arbelaez;J. L. Rudeiros Fernandez;C. Bird;P. Ferracin;S. Prestemon","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3526098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3526098","url":null,"abstract":"Transient release of heat due to cracking, interfacial debonding and conductor motion can lead to premature quenching and training in high-field superconducting accelerator magnets. Understanding the physical mechanisms behind the heat release and quantifying it for various impregnation materials and mechanical stress conditions is essential for eliminating the quench training phenomenon in future magnets. We have developed a system to perform simultaneous cryogenic measurements of stress-induced acoustic emissions (AE) and local temperature variations for samples of copper wire embedded in commonly used magnet impregnation materials, and we present initial test results for the epoxy CTD-101 K. The samples, monitored simultaneously by a shear-piezo transducer and a miniature temperature sensor, were installed in a variable-temperature cryogenic probe while mechanical stress was gradually applied using an external driver. We have found coincident AE and temperature spikes corresponding to cracking/debonding and slip-stick motion. We have estimated the heat released during the debonding event and reported initial efforts towards AE/thermal energy correlation.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and Evaluation of CuNb-Reinforced Nb3Sn React-and-Wind Coils","authors":"Yuta Ebara;Fumiaki Kamisaki;Hiroshi Ookubo;Jun Yoshida;Masahiro Sugimoto;Ryo Taniguchi;Kengo Nakao;Satoshi Awaji","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3525454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3525454","url":null,"abstract":"Nb₃Sn wires are used in many high-field magnets, such as those used in accelerators and nuclear fusion reactors. The react-and-wind (R&W) method, in which coils are fabricated using heat-treated wire, provides several advantages in the manufacturing of Nb₃Sn coils. For instance, no furnace is required for coil heat treatment, and impregnated resins and supports can be used without considering high-temperature durability. However, in R&W production, the degradation of the critical current owing to the strain in Nb₃Sn should be considered, including the strain caused by the windings. Recently, a polyvinyl-formal-coated CuNb-reinforced Nb₃Sn wire with a diameter of 0.88 mm was developed by Furukawa Electric Company. The wire has a small diameter among CuNb/Nb₃Sn wires and can reduce the strain caused by bending, enabling the fabrication of R&W coils with a small bending radius. We use the wire for manufacturing coils with a minimum radius of 55 mm via the R&W method and present the performance evaluation results.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Magnetization Losses of Roebel Cables With Striated REBCO Strands","authors":"Y. Yang","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3526114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3526114","url":null,"abstract":"High current superconducting cables are essential for past and future accelerator and fusion magnets. The low temperature superconducting (LTS) cables for the LHC and ITER machine owe their success to the effective minimisation of the magnetisation in the LTS wires by incorporating twisted fine filaments. In contrast, the magnetisation of REBCO tapes remains significant in assembled strands of Roebel cables and twisted stacks cables. The quantitative details the magnetisation loss have not been sufficiently elaborated due the 3D nature of the strand assembling and/or twisting. Although full 3D modeling of Roebel cables has been made, the separation of loss components is less straightforward due to the complexity of their interplay. By using simplified 1D models based on conceptual reasoning, it was shown in our previous studies that (a) Roebel cables with <inline-formula><tex-math>$(2m+1)$</tex-math></inline-formula> REBCO strands of critical current <inline-formula><tex-math>$I_{c}$</tex-math></inline-formula> are essentially two side-by-side stacks of <inline-formula><tex-math>$m$</tex-math></inline-formula> transposed strands and each stack is effectively a single Norris' strip of <inline-formula><tex-math>$sim mtimes I_{c}$</tex-math></inline-formula> but also magnetically coupled to the other via the strong demagnetisation effect in the narrow gap in between, and (b) full decoupling into isolate tapes is only achieved in the single strand in transposition “flights” from one stack to another. Consequently, the magnetisation of Norris' strip can be extended straightforwardly for loss calculations in simple algebra forms to achieve satisfactory agreement with experimental results. On the other hand, the ac losses measured on Roebel cables with <italic>striated</i> REBCO exhibited significant differences which are yet to be fully understood. Using qualitative arguments together with <italic>1D</i> analytical results as well as numerical modeling, this work show the “filaments” in a striated strand are also magnetically coupled hence behave considerably differently from a set of isolated filaments of Norris' strips. It then explains that small random misalignments among the striated strands when assembled into a Roebel cable would alter significantly the magnetic coupling within the stacks and result in the ac loss behaviour observed in experiments.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demonstration of $text{MgB}_{2}$ React-and-Wind Coil","authors":"Yuta Ebara;Fumiaki Kamisaki;Hiroshi Ookubo;Jun Yoshida","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3526108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3526108","url":null,"abstract":"The critical temperature of <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{MgB}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> exceeds that of NbTi, making it a superior choice for superconducting applications. By utilizing liquid hydrogen instead of liquid helium for cooling <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{MgB}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> coils, the cost of cooling can be reduced greatly, particularly when combined with hydrogen technology. In addition, in cryogen-free magnets, <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{MgB}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> coils offer energy-saving benefits as the cooling efficiency increases with the operating temperature. The use of <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{MgB}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> wires in superconducting applications becomes feasible when considering cost advantages. The react-and-wind (R&W) method can reduce the manufacturing cost by eliminating the need for a furnace for coil heat treatment and enables the use of impregnated resins and supports without concerns regarding high-temperature durability. We fabricated an R&W <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{MgB}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> coil with a minimum radius of 55 mm. This paper presents the details of the fabricated coil and measurement results.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Optimization of Stacked High Temperature Superconductor Cable System for Space Solar Power Station","authors":"Hao Yu;Fangjing Weng;Yutong Fu;Weihang Peng;Yue Zhao;Yawei Wang","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3525446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3525446","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to traditional metal cable, high-temperature superconductor (HTS) cable is a promising candidate for the energy transmission in space solar power stations due to its great advantage in high power density and efficiency. These cables can reduce energy losses and simplify the conventional cable transmission by eliminating the need for voltage conversion equipment, thus reducing the launch weight and costs of spacecraft. This paper analyzes the feasibility of superconducting cable power transmission in space spacecraft energy transfer. Addressing the operating conditions of vacuum and cryogenic temperatures for space satellites and the performance indicators required by research projects, this study introduces the overall systematic design scheme of the HTS cable experimental platform simulating a space environment. The design methods for HTS stacked tape round-core cables are discussed, and cable design schemes for the temperature range of 15 K to 77 K are presented. Low-resistance joint designs for the cables have been proposed, and simulation thermal stability analysis has been conducted in combination with the helium cryogenic system.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress of 33 T Cryogen-Free Superconducting Magnet Project at HFLSM","authors":"Satoshi Awaji;Arnaud Badel;Alexandra Zampa;Kohki Takahashi;Tatsunori Okada;Yuji Tsuchiya;Tatsuro Uto;Taizo Tosaka;Hiroyuki Takewa;Hayato Nezuka;Satoshi Hanai;Masahiro Sugimoto;Ryo Taniguchi;Hiroyuki Fukushima;Kiyoshige Hirose;Shogo Muto;Shinji Fujita;Masanori Daibo","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3525608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3525608","url":null,"abstract":"A 33 T cryogen-free superconducting magnet (33 T-CSM) project is now in progress at HFLSM, IMR, Tohoku University. The 33 T-CSM consists of a φ 68 mm–19 T REBCO (HTS) insert and a φ 320 mm-14 T CuNb/Nb₃Sn and NbTi Rutherford (LTS) magnets. The 33 T-CSM system has been installed and tested without the HTS insert in March 2024. The LTS outsert magnet consists of three CuNb/Nb₃Sn Rutherford cable coils and two NbTi Rutherford cable coils with an epoxy impregnation. It can generate 14 T in a 320 mm bore with 879 A. This winding makes use of advanced high strength CuNb/ Nb₃Sn strands specifically developed for the 33 T-CSM project, enabling high stress design with about 275 MPa in the Nb₃Sn coil at 14 T. The 19 T-HTS insert is designed based on the robust REBCO coil technology we proposed in previous works. For the cooling system, a 9 W GM/JT cryocooler is used for the LTS coils, four 4 K-GM cryocoolers cool the REBCO coils (1.5 W each at 4.2 K) and two single-stage cryocoolers are used for the radiation shield and current leads. Helium circulation with compressors ensure the thermal connection between the coils and the cryocoolers. The initial cooling is about 7.3 days from room temperature. The test of the 14 T LTS magnet was successfully completed up to 839 A with the nominal maximum electromagnetic stress of 275 MPa after one training quench.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143360969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the Effects of Hot-Spot Locations on the Current Bypass Characteristics in a PEC","authors":"Wooseung Lee;Hongmin Yang;Uijin Jeong;Jae Young Jang;SangGap Lee","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3524213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3524213","url":null,"abstract":"A Partial Electrical Connector (PEC) offers a promising self-protection mechanism for high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils, providing an alternative to no-insulation (NI) coils. Unlike NI coils, PEC-applied coils have limited current bypass paths, potentially limiting their self-protection capabilities. This study investigates how the location of hot-spots, created by heaters positioned at different sections within the coil, affects the performance of PEC. By analyzing voltage and center field responses, we found that the proximity of the heater to the PEC significantly influences the efficiency of current bypass. Specifically, closer hot-spots result in more effective current redirection through the PEC. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing PEC patterns, potentially enhancing protection mechanisms for larger HTS coils by improving current bypass capabilities based on hot-spot location.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}