IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity最新文献

{"title":"Improved PWM Switching Scheme to Mitigate Power Loss and Switch Temperature of CHB Inverters","authors":"Sadia Afrin;Shuvra Prokash Biswas;Sudipto Mondal;Md. Rabiul Islam;Rakibuzzaman Shah","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3469848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3469848","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsewidth modulation (PWM) techniques play a crucial role in determining the power quality of multilevel-inverter-based grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) fed systems. However, the existing PWM techniques suffer from the heat dissipation of the switches and power loss issues. In view of this concern, a new PWM technique is proposed to mitigate the junction temperature as well as the power loss of a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter employed in a grid-tied solar PV system. Apart from the junction temperature of the power switch and power loss, different steady-state and dynamic responses of the CHB inverter are investigated using MATLAB/Simulink and PLECS software environments. Experimental results are also provided to support the simulation analysis.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of an Electromagnetic Suspension System Based on a New Type of High-Temperature Superconducting and Normal Conducting Hybrid Electromagnet","authors":"Deming Huang;Chaoqun Jiao;Jin Fang","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3480034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3480034","url":null,"abstract":"To address the issues of high energy consumption, coil heating, and narrow suspension gap in traditional electromagnetic suspension (EMS) systems, a novel electromagnetic core structure—inverted E-shaped—is introduced. The second-generation high-temperature superconducting tape is employed to provide the primary suspension force, while normal conductance aluminum coils are utilized for regulating force. Based on finite-element simulation, a comparison is made between the suspension force and the suspension gap of hybrid and traditional suspension systems. An equivalent magnetic circuit model for the hybrid system is established, along with its corresponding solution flow. The proportional–integral–derivative control parameters of the suspension system are designed and simulated to verify their accuracy. This novel suspension structure exhibits less energy consumption and a large suspension gap and reduces wireless coil heating issues, thereby providing valuable guidance for the development of high-speed EMS maglev trains.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystallization Regulation of Cross-Linking Polypropylene on Dielectric Performance for Capacitors in SMES","authors":"Meng Xiao;Yuyan Chen;B. X. Du;Sihua Liu;Li Wan","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3479796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3479796","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a method based on irradiation cross-linking modification and crystallization regulation is proposed to improve the dielectric properties of polypropylene (PP) films. Sorbitol nucleating agent DMDBS with different contents is added during the preparation of cross-linked PP film to investigate the influence of nucleating agents on cross-linking modification. The results show that the cross-linked structure restricts the carrier migration behavior under the electric field, leading to a decrease in the conductivity. The doping of nucleating agents increased the nucleation density and the cross-linking degree of the PP films, thus further improving their insulating properties. The cross-linking degree of PP film doped with 0.05 wt% DMDBS is increased to 20.16%. The conductivity was decreased by 36.8%, and the breakdown strength was improved by 18.3% in contrast to pure PP film. The paper provides practical experience for the enhancement of insulating properties of PP films for capacitors.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Custom Finite-Element Method Framework for Designing Superconducting Solenoidal Magnets and Coils With True HTS Tape Geometry","authors":"Stavros P. Filippidis;Theodoros Theodoulidis;Aggelos S. Bouhouras;Antonio Morandi;Georgios C. Christoforidis","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3475949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3475949","url":null,"abstract":"Superconducting solenoidal magnets are employed in magnetic resonance imaging and superconducting magnetic energy storage systems. Numerical methods are mandatory to optimize their design and predict their performance. Implementing the finite-element method (FEM) on the actual geometry of a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tape is challenging due to the large aspect ratio of the tape, which creates meshing difficulties. In this article, we address this challenge by developing a custom FEM framework tailored specifically for this application, with a focus on speed and easy integration into optimization algorithms. A novel approach is adopted, representing the geometry of a coil-turn of HTS tape using a single point on the 2D plane. Each point corresponds to a matrix, serving both as an algebraic storage medium and the geometrical representation of the tape. The matrix cells possess imaginary dimensions that form the geometry of the coil-turn, eliminating the need for traditional meshing. The code of the framework is optimized to increase efficiency and utilize multiple cores of the processor. Results are compared with those obtained from COMSOL, verifying the framework's accuracy. A large magnet is designed to assess the computation efficiency. The successful application of this custom FEM framework in optimization routines opens new pathways for designing and predicting the performance of superconducting solenoidal magnets.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 9","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142518011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent Inspection System for Power Insulators Based on AAV on Complex Weather Conditions","authors":"Yi Li;Yanfeng Lu;Kaixin Wu;Yuan Fang;Chaodan Zheng;Jiangang Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3465368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3465368","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an intelligent inspection system for power insulators, integrating automous aerial vehicles (AAV) to address complex conditions. A novel image enhancement technique, based on the multi-scale Retinex algorithm with combined illumination correction and compensation, is proposed to enhance both the overall image quality of insulators and the visual perception for human observers. The study employs the state-of-the-art YOLOv7 target detector for automated identification of insulator defects. The YOLOv7 model undergoes further optimization, enhancing the feature extraction structure, incorporating the SE attention mechanism, and refining the loss function. These modifications enable the model to adapt to more intricate intelligent inspection tasks related to transmission line insulators, resulting in improved efficiency and detection accuracy. Building on this research out-comes, our team introduces an intelligent power insulator detection software system tailored for AAV inspection scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quench Analysis and Experiments on Nb3Sn Superconducting Magnet Half-Length Prototype","authors":"S. J. Zheng;P. Yuan;W. Wu;Y. Q. Chen;X. J. Ou;E. M. Mei;B. M. Wu;T. J. Yang;M. Z. Guan;D. S. Ni;L. Zhu;T. F. Liao;L. T. Sun;H. W. Zhao","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3465454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3465454","url":null,"abstract":"The Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) at the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) is building a Nb\u0000₃\u0000Sn magnet for utilization in a fourth-generation superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source (FECR) for the High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF). A half-length prototype of the magnet, comprising two axis solenoid coils and a sextupole coil with a cold iron yoke, has been developed to validate the technology of the Nb\u0000₃\u0000Sn superconducting magnet. The construction of the magnet presents a significant challenge due to the complex structure and properties of the Nb\u0000₃\u0000Sn conductor, necessitating quench protection. To tackle this challenge, quench simulations and experiments were conducted using OPERA-Quench and STEAM-LEDET. Based on the simulation results, a protection circuit was designed to ensure the safety of the magnet. Subsequently, the protection circuit underwent testing through a series of experiments. However, some quench events were inadequately protected against due to interference from voltage sparks caused by flux jump, resulting in gradual degradation of the magnet. The estimated adiabatic hot-spot temperature during these events reached 549 K, which is likely responsible for the observed degradation. Additionally, the impact of the utilizing of Metrosil varistors on quench protection is also under investigation.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Methodology to Evaluate the Radial Bending Stress of Transformer Inner Windings Based on the Turn-to-Turn Model","authors":"Xiongbo Wang;Yan Li;Zhanyang Yu;Peng Li;Zhengyu Xu","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3469850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3469850","url":null,"abstract":"The considerable size and intricacy of high-power transformers frequently lead to inefficiency in finite element simulation analysis. To promptly and accurately estimate the stress state of the winding, this paper presents a theoretical approach to analyze the bending stress for each conductor in the inner winding of the transformer. Firstly, this approach takes into account the influences of conductor leakage flux and radial force as they vary with the radial position of the conductor. Subsequently, a 40000 kVA/110 kV transformer is adopted as a prototype, and the turn-to-turn winding model is constructed. The proposed analytical model is verified using 3D finite element method (FEM) simulations. Finally, a leakage flux test was conducted on the prototype, and the simulation and experimental results confirmed the validity of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Switched-Capacitor Based Single-Phase Transformerless Inverter for Grid Integration","authors":"Sudipto Mondal;Nazmul Islam Nahin;Shuvra Prokash Biswas;Anas Bin Islam;Md. Rabiul Islam;Afef Fekih;Mohua Biswas","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3474304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3474304","url":null,"abstract":"Transformerless grid-connected inverters are gaining popularity due to their high efficiency, compact design, and cost-effectiveness than transformer-based inverters. However, these inverters face significant challenges, particularly leakage current and limited voltage boost capability. This paper presents a novel solution to these issues through a five-level transformerless inverter (TLI) topology utilizing switched capacitors (SCs). The inverter utilizes seven insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), two diodes, and two SCs to achieve a five-level boosted output while ensuring low leakage current. Near-zero leakage current is enabled by maintaining a constant common mode voltage (CMV). Finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC), instead of traditional modulators, facilitates grid current tracking and reduced current harmonics. The use of only seven switches and two SCs results in increased efficiency and reduced losses. Comprehensive MATLAB/Simulink simulations and an experimental prototype validate the effectiveness of the proposed TLI for solar PV integration.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2-D Thin-Shell Model Based on the $H$-$phi$-Formulation for Modeling HTS Tapes in COMSOL Multiphysics","authors":"Bruno de Sousa Alves;Alexandre Arsenault;Frédéric Sirois","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3473850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3473850","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a finite-element thin-shell (TS) model and its application to 2-D electromagnetic problems involving superconducting tapes in COMSOL Multiphysics. The magnetic scalar potential (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$phi$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) is the state variable in nonconducting regions surrounding of the tapes, which are represented as zero thickness objects in the calculus domain. Inside the tapes, an auxiliary 1-D problem formulated in terms of the tangential components of the magnetic field (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$H$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) takes into account the physics across their thickness. The final finite-element system of equations includes both the 2-D and 1-D discretized equations, which are solved simultaneously in a fully coupled manner and transparently for the user. The use of thin cuts is required to impose transport currents in the tapes. This procedure allows the simulation of problems comprising superconducting tapes in any geometrical configuration. We demonstrate that both the normal and tangential fields agree well with reference solutions obtained with the widely used \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$T$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$A$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-formulation and with the more standard \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$H$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000- and \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$H$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$phi$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-formulations with a full 2-D discretization of the tapes. The proposed \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$H$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$phi$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 TS model estimates ac losses accurately while speeding up simulations. This makes this model ideal for simulating large-scale superconducting devices in 2-D, particularly when they comprise compact arrangements of high-temperature superconductor tapes carrying antiparallel currents.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 9","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Model for Magnetic Field and Inductance of Toroidal D-Shaped HTS Magnet","authors":"Yifeng Qiu;Li Ren;Ying Xu;Zhixing Yang;Hao Li;Yuejin Tang","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3472457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3472457","url":null,"abstract":"The electromagnetic calculations of large-size high-temperature superconducting (HTS) toroidal D-shaped magnets present structural complexity and modeling difficulties, resulting in high complexity in the evaluation of the energy storage, critical current and central magnetic field, which pose significant challenges to the electromagnetic design. This paper established an analytical calculation model for the inductance and magnetic field of the toroidal D-shaped HTS magnet under the assumptions of static magnetic field and current distribution, and developed the discrete method and accelerate calculation further through integral transformations. The discrete method was compared and validated against the finite element analysis (FEM) method and 3D T-A homogenization method. The results indicate that the discrepancies in inductance and parallel fields between the discrete analytical method and the 3D T-A are less than 3%, with errors in perpendicular fields within 20%, and exhibit a computational speed 4 to 6 orders of magnitude faster than FEM. The larger error in the perpendicular field is due to the non-uniform superconducting current distribution, which occurs mainly inside the magnet. This approach can be applied to the preliminary evaluation of performance parameters such as stored energy and critical current in toroidal HTS magnets, thereby enhancing the efficiency of electromagnetic design.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}