IEEE Access最新文献

{"title":"TMFPMap-NVIG: Temporal Multi-Scale Fusion Perception Online HD Map Construction for Navigation of Visually Impaired Groups","authors":"Jingtao Zhang;Manping Fan;Yupeng Chen;Ruoyu Wang;Zhiwen Zheng;Jialing Xiao;Xiangxiang Wang;Yongbing Yu;Qi He;BO Gong;Lirui Xue;Liyong Ren","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565770","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate online high-definition (HD) map construction is crucial for visually impaired individuals navigating complex outdoor environments. Existing methods relying on single-frame inputs suffer from occlusions and distortions in dynamic scenes. To address these challenges, this paper proposes TMFPMap-NVIG, a novel online HD map generation framework designed specifically for assistive navigation. TMFPMap-NVIG introduces an Adaptive Feature Extractor using multi-scale strategies for capturing global and local information, a Vectorized Element Decoder that integrates hierarchical decoding and critical region prioritization to generate detailed map elements, Temporal Query Mapping for cross-frame consistency of static elements, and a Multi-Frame Feature Aggregator enhancing spatiotemporal coherence via recursive feature updates. Evaluations conducted on the nuScenes and Argoverse2 datasets show TMFPMap-NVIG surpasses state-of-the-art methods by 4.8%-15.2% in mean Average Precision (mAP), with accuracy improvements of 7.3%, 4.9%, and 2.2% for detecting crosswalks, lane lines, and road boundaries, respectively, demonstrating robust performance under environmental disturbances.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":"13 ","pages":"78527-78540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10980252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Language Models in Human-Robot Collaboration With Cognitive Validation Against Context-Induced Hallucinations","authors":"Nadun Ranasinghe;Wael M. Mohammed;Kostas Stefanidis;Jose L. Martinez Lastra","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565918","url":null,"abstract":"The recent leap in Large Language Models (LLMs) has paved the way for several research ideas. LLMs are employed not only for personal use but also in professional contexts to enhance human productivity at work. A significant area of research is human-robot collaboration (HRC), which focuses on developing methodologies for effective interaction between humans and AI-enabled machines. In this regard, exploitation of LLMs appears to be a practical approach. However, these models are susceptible to several limitations, including context-induced errors, the propagation of misleading information, and hallucinations. Such deficiencies impede the seamless application of LLMs in scenarios where a high degree of accuracy is essential. To address this issue, this study introduces a dual-agent system designed to validate the responses generated by LLMs. This novel system is integrated into a framework called “CogniVera”, which facilitates collaborative tasks involving a collaborative robot (cobot) through vocal interactions. This initiative represents a significant advancement in HRC, enabling robots to communicate vocally with human operators during assembly tasks. To evaluate the feasibility of this approach, a focused case study will be conducted, concentrating on the human-robot collaborative task of box assembly utilizing vocal communication. The outcomes of this study are anticipated to yield valuable insights into the efficacy of the proposed dual-agent system in enhancing the reliability and performance of LLMs in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":"13 ","pages":"77418-77430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10980279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folded Context Condensation in Path Integral Formalism for Infinite Context Transformers","authors":"Won-Gi Paeng;Daesuk Kwon;Kyungwon Jeong;Honggyo Suh","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565773","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present a generalized formulation of the Transformer algorithm by reinterpreting its core mechanisms within the framework of Path Integral formalism. In this perspective, the attention mechanism is recast as a process that integrates all possible transition paths leading to future token states, with temporal evolution governed by the feed-forward network (FFN). By systematically mapping each component of the Transformer to its counterpart in the Path Integral formulation, we obtain a more compact and efficient representation, in which the contextual information of a sequence is condensed into memory-like segments. These segments are recurrently processed across Transformer layers, enabling more effective long-term information retention. We validate the effectiveness of this approach through the Passkey retrieval task and a summarization task, demonstrating that the proposed method preserves historical information while exhibiting memory usage that scales linearly with sequence length. This contrasts with the non-linear memory growth typically observed in standard attention mechanisms. We expect that this quantum-inspired generalization of the Transformer architecture will open new avenues for enhancing both the efficiency and expressiveness of future Transformer models.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":"13 ","pages":"77582-77592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10980327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The NavINST Dataset for Multi-Sensor Autonomous Navigation","authors":"Paulo Ricardo Marques De Araujo;Eslam Mounier;Qamar Bader;Emma Dawson;Shaza I. Kaoud Abdelaziz;Ahmed Zekry;Mohamed Elhabiby;Aboelmagd Noureldin","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565878","url":null,"abstract":"The Navigation and Instrumentation (NavINST) laboratory has developed a comprehensive multisensory dataset from various road-test trajectories in urban environments, featuring diverse lighting conditions, including indoor garage scenarios with dense 3D maps. This dataset includes multiple commercial-grade IMUs and a high-end tactical-grade IMU. Additionally, it contains a wide array of perception-based sensors, such as a solid-state LiDAR—making it one of the first datasets to do so—a mechanical LiDAR, four electronically scanning RADARs, a monocular camera, and two stereo cameras. The dataset also includes forward speed measurements derived from the vehicle’s odometer, along with accurately post-processed high-end GNSS/IMU data, providing precise ground truth positioning and navigation information. The NavINST dataset is designed to support advanced research in high-precision positioning, navigation, mapping, computer vision, and multisensory fusion. It offers rich, multi-sensor data ideal for developing and validating robust algorithms for autonomous vehicles. Finally, it is fully integrated with the robot operating system (ROS), ensuring ease of use and accessibility for the research community. The complete dataset and development tools are available at (navinst.github.io).","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":"13 ","pages":"84659-84674"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10980246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Gain Wide-Band Yagi-Uda Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications","authors":"Asmaa E. Farahat;Khalid F. A. Hussein","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565842","url":null,"abstract":"As the need for high-speed wireless communication continues to grow, millimeter-wave (mm-wave) technologies have become essential for next-generation wireless systems, such as 5G and beyond. High-gain, wide-band antennas are crucial in these applications to ensure efficient signal transmission and reception. In this work, a wide-band, high-gain mm-wave printed Yagi-Uda antenna has been designed for operation in the 58–68 GHz frequency band. The proposed antenna features a bowtie-driven element, three two-arm reflectors, and four rhombus-shaped directors, designed to enhance gain and bandwidth performance. At 63 GHz, the antenna achieves a maximum gain of 12 dB and a best side lobe level (SLL) of −15 dB. Across the entire operational band, the gain remains above 10 dB, while the SLL is maintained below −12 dB, ensuring stable and efficient performance. The compact design, with total dimensions of 15.6 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 8.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm, makes it suitable for integration into modern mm-wave communication systems. To validate the proposed design, a prototype is fabricated, and experimental assessments of return loss, radiation patterns, gain, and SLL are conducted. Numerical simulations and experimental measurements exhibit strong agreement, confirming the antenna’s effectiveness in high-frequency applications.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":"13 ","pages":"77539-77549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10980248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Few-Shot Learning With Prototypical Networks for Improved Memory Forensics","authors":"Muhammad Fahad Malik;Ammara Gul;Ayesha Saadia;Faeiz M. Alserhani","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565802","url":null,"abstract":"Securing computer systems requires effective methods for malware detection. Memory forensics analyzes memory dumps to identify malicious activity, but faces challenges including large and complex datasets, constantly evolving malware threats, and limited labeled data for training algorithms among others. This research introduces a novel approach for malware detection using memory forensics and prototypical networks. As the first application of prototypical networks to the Dumpware10 dataset (to the best of authors knowledge), our findings highlight the potential of few-shot learning for memory forensics-based malware detection, opening new avenues for research in this domain. Prototypical networks are a type of few-shot learning algorithm that excels at classifying new categories with minimal examples. Utilizing the publicly available Dumpware10 dataset, which includes 10 malware classes and one benign class, we preprocess memory dumps using denoising and A-Hash functions to reduce noise and redundancy. The prototypical network is trained on the first four malware classes and the benign class. It’s then tested on a dataset with one additional class (first five malware classes and the benign class). We progressively increase the number of test classes to eleven. Within each training episode, five training images are used as support samples, with all remaining images designated as query samples. Our goal isn’t to predict exact class labels, but to assess the similarity between query images and prototypes using a distance metric. If the label of a prototype matches the query image and the distance falls below a threshold, it’s considered a true positive. This approach achieves an average accuracy of 92% with eleven classes, the highest across all scenarios and comparable to previous work using machine and deep learning algorithms on this dataset.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":"13 ","pages":"79397-79409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10980249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Upper Mid-Band 8 × 8 and 8 × 4 Device MIMO Performance Based on Applying Compact Backcover Four-Antenna Modules for 6G Smartphones With Increased Data Rates","authors":"Kin-Lu Wong;Wan-Ting Li;Chin-Lung Wang;Chun-Chi Wen;Wei-Yu Li","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565719","url":null,"abstract":"For future six-generation (6G) upper mid-band mobile communications, the higher-order device multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) such as the &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math&gt;$8times 8$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; or &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math&gt;$8times 4$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; MIMO is envisioned for the smartphone to achieve increased data rates for the user. However, it is worth noting that the &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math&gt;$8times 8$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; MIMO requires twice the transmitted power of current fifth-generation (5G) &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math&gt;$4times 4$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; MIMO and has a much more complex system architecture. Thus, whether it is cost effective to apply the &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math&gt;$8times 8$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; MIMO for increased data rates is not clear. In this study, we demonstrate that the &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math&gt;$8times 4$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; MIMO (8 receive antennas for 4 spatial streams) with the same transmitted power as the 5G &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math&gt;$4times 4$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; MIMO can outperform the &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math&gt;$8times 8$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; MIMO to achieve increased data rates and lower energy per bit as well. In the outdoor scenario testing, the &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math&gt;$8times 4$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; MIMO shows a spectral efficiency of about 31 or 26 bps/Hz, while that of the &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math&gt;$8times 8$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; MIMO is only about 22 bps/Hz. Additionally, the required energy per bit transmitted in the &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math&gt;$8times 4$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; MIMO is less than one-half that of the &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math&gt;$8times 8$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; MIMO. The is mainly because the &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math&gt;$8times 4$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; MIMO uses only one-half transmitted power and has a much larger MIMO efficiency (measured system capacity/ideal system capacity) than the &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math&gt;$8times 8$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; MIMO. Thus, the &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math&gt;$8times 4$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; MIMO can support a higher signal modulation of 256 or 1024 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), while the &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math&gt;$8times 8$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; MIMO supports only 16 QAM. Hence, although the &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math&gt;$8times 8$ &lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; MIMO has a potentially much larger system channel capacity, its actual data throughput cannot be proportionally larger. We experimentally evaluate the MIMO performance in the 7.1 GHz band by applying compact backcover four-antenna (B4A) modules as receive antennas in the smartphone-like device covering 6.425-8.4 GHz in the upper mid-band, which is promising to be a prime 6G mobile spectrum. The applied compact B4A module provides a promising solution for the challenge in embedding at least 8 MIMO antennas in 6G smartphones for upper mid-band MIMO communications. W","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":"13 ","pages":"78257-78271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10980293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Vehicle Route Optimization for Half-Open Multi-Energy Urban Distribution Considering Order Priority","authors":"Mingxuan Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565924","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at the current problems of increasingly serious tailpipe pollution of urban distribution vehicles and irrational distribution route planning, we construct a fuel-electric hybrid multi-trip multi-center half-open joint distribution vehicle routing optimization model (F-EHOMTMDVRPOPTW) considering order priority and fuzzy time window, and introduce Tent chaotic mapping combined with an improved discrete sparrow search algorithm (DSSA) with stochastic key encoding strategy for solving. Based on the traditional fuel VRP, new energy vehicles are added to form a multi-energy vehicle formation. Considering the order priority and customer time window in the context of urban distribution with non-new energy vehicle restriction, and constructing a distribution model for minimizing the total cost with the transportation cost, charging cost of new energy vehicles, carbon emission and fuel consumption cost, and penalty cost for violating the time window. On the basis of the sparrow search algorithm, Tent chaotic mapping is added and random key coding strategy is inserted for discretization, which increases the diversity of the initial population of the sparrow search algorithm and improves the algorithm’s global optimization seeking ability. Finally, the algorithms and models are analyzed in simulation experiments using benchmark test functions and arithmetic examples to verify the reasonableness of the models and the effectiveness of the algorithms, which provides theoretical basis for urban distribution and utilization of energy.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":"13 ","pages":"79007-79029"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10980312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topic-Weighted Kernels: Text Kernels Integrating Topic Weights and Deep Word Embeddings for Semantic Text Analytics","authors":"Nikhil V. Chandran;V. S. Anoop;S. Asharaf","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565816","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional text classification models, such as text kernels, primarily consider the syntactic aspects of text data. This paper introduces Topic-Weighted Kernels, a new text analytics framework that combines global topical themes with word-level semantics in a text kernel architecture. Three new text kernels are proposed to improve text analysis - (a) the Topic-Weighted Base Kernel, (b) the Topic-Weighted Word2Vec kernel, and (c) the Topic-Weighted BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) kernel. These kernels leverage topic modeling and deep word embeddings to capture thematic and semantic information within textual data. Text kernels consider global and local semantics for text analysis tasks and improve model performance. Experiments on diverse datasets demonstrate that Topic-Weighted Kernels outperforms existing methods for text analysis tasks. The Topic-Weighted BERT Kernel achieves top-tier performance, with F1 scores reaching 99% on lighter datasets and significantly boosting performance on more complex datasets. For the tasks of multi-label text classification on the Reuters-90 dataset and sentiment analysis on the IMDB dataset, the model achieves F1 scores of 90.76% and 96.66%, respectively, demonstrating state-of-the-art performance. The Topic-Weighted Kernel approach improves the performance while enabling a better contextual representation for various text analysis tasks such as single and multi-label classification and sentiment analysis. The proposed framework integrates semantics from word embeddings and topic models to text kernels for capturing intricate patterns in textual data that aid in more contextual text analytics.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":"13 ","pages":"77918-77930"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10980292","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconfigurable Three-Switch Leg Multi-Port Boost Inverters With Novel Modulation Schemes for Hybrid DC/AC Microgrid Systems","authors":"M. Rama Narayana Reddy;B. Dastagiri Reddy;Prajof Prabhakaran;Andrii Chub;Samir Kouro","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3565791","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes reconfigurable single-stage three-switch leg multi-port boost inverters (TSLMPBIs) that feature novel hybrid modulation schemes for hybrid DC/AC microgrid system applications. The TSLMPBI topologies are designed to accommodate various configurations, including two DC ports with two AC ports, three DC ports with one AC port, and three DC ports with two AC ports, tailored for different applications. A hybrid modulation scheme was proposed, dynamically adapted to the configuration of DC and AC ports, facilitating seamless boost and dual inversion operations or combined boost, buck, and inversion functionalities within a single converter. The AC ports operate at various voltages, frequencies, and phases, while the DC ports support multiple voltage levels. The proposed control modulation scheme effectively addresses crossover issues in modulation signals, resulting in enhanced AC voltage gain, improved DC bus utilization, and optimized power transfer among DC and AC ports. Additionally, these topologies reduce active switch count compared to state-of-the-art designs, even with increased ports. To validate the performance of the proposed TSLMPBI and its control modulation scheme, a 500 W laboratory prototype was developed, and experimental results under various operating scenarios were presented and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":"13 ","pages":"77124-77146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10980297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}