{"title":"Fixed Focus Grating Reflector Based on Hybrid Optimization Method","authors":"Junjing Huang;Xiaofeng Duan;Kai Liu;Yongqing Huang;Xiaomin Ren","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3504824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3504824","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we proposed a hybrid design method based on rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) and velocity varying climbing particle swarm optimization (VVCPSO) to realize a focal shift eliminating grating reflector. we proved that the focusing reflector obtained by the hybrid design method can eliminate the focal shift of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$5mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m (the focal length is \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$100mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m), improve the reflectivity and focusing efficiency by 14% and 17%, and achieve a full width at half maxima (FWHM) of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.52mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m, which is considerably smaller than the \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$3.5mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m of the focusing reflector obtained solely through RCWA. Therefore, this method has a far-reaching influence on the design of fixed focus grating structure.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":"13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PMD Impact on MCF Submarine Cables: Reassessing Outage Performance of Transmissions","authors":"Rendong Xu;Lin Sun;Guoxiang Xu;Wei Yin;Yucheng Fan;Haocai Huang;Gangxiang Shen","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3505053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3505053","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we designed and fabricated a cable accommodating 4-core and 7-core multicore fibers (MCFs). Fiber characteristics including attenuation, dispersion and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) during the cabling procedure were measured and analyzed. We observed a significant degradation in PMD for MCFs, particularly for those outer cores proximate to the cladding. Thus it requires longer taps of MIMO equalizers to sufficiently equalize at the receiver for reliable communications at the subsea distance. To assess the PMD impact on outage performance with limitations of MIMO equalizers’ taps, we developed a C-band 8000-km submarine transmission model which was calibrated with measured parameters during cabling, for qualifying 4- and 7-core MCFs in practical use. Simulations performed on the calibrated model could predict the outage performance for ensuring the communication reliability. More than 2-dB SNR margin is required to prevent the PMD-induced outage with using 300-taps MIMO equalizer at the receiver. Based on these comprehensive tests and simulations, we emphasize the importance of carefully managing PMD and ensuring adequate system SNR margins during the practical cabling and deployment of optical MCFs submarine cables.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Galib Reza;Lakshmi Narayanan Venkatasubramani;Anil Raj Gautam;Prajwal D. Lakshmijayasimha;John O’Carroll;Richard Phelan;Diarmuid Byrne;Brian Kelly;Vladimir S. Mikhrin;Alexey Gubenko;Liam P. Barry
{"title":"2 × 53 Gbit/s PAM-4 Transmission Using 1.3 μm DML With High Power Budget Enabled by Quantum-Dot SOA","authors":"Ahmed Galib Reza;Lakshmi Narayanan Venkatasubramani;Anil Raj Gautam;Prajwal D. Lakshmijayasimha;John O’Carroll;Richard Phelan;Diarmuid Byrne;Brian Kelly;Vladimir S. Mikhrin;Alexey Gubenko;Liam P. Barry","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3504841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3504841","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the performance of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.3~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m directly modulated multiple-quantum-well strained AlGaInAs distributed feedback laser in an optically amplified wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) system for next-generation passive optical networks. We experimentally demonstrate \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2times 53$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 Gbit/s PAM-4 transmissions over 20 km of a single-mode fiber employing two 16-GHz bandwidth-limited directly-modulated lasers and compare the performance of quantum-well and quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) in amplifying DWDM links. We successfully obtained the total power budget of 34 dB for each WDM channel using a quantum-dot SOA and 30-tap T-spaced feed-forward equalizer.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10764735","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhuo Chen;Jie Zhang;Zipeng Liang;Xiaoxiao Dai;Qi Yang;Liang Wang;Lei Deng;Mengfan Cheng;Deming Liu
{"title":"Low-Complexity Nonlinear Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding Based on Absolute-Term for ZR Inter-DCI","authors":"Zhuo Chen;Jie Zhang;Zipeng Liang;Xiaoxiao Dai;Qi Yang;Liang Wang;Lei Deng;Mengfan Cheng;Deming Liu","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3504836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3504836","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the sensitivity to cost and power consumption, the intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD) transmission system attracts significant interest in inter-data center interconnections. In medium reach IM/DD transmission systems, chromatic dispersion caused power fading effect appears to be a major performance limiting problem for double sideband (DSB) signal. Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding (THP) is an effective method for compensating for the dispersion at the transmitter side. By incorporating nonlinear kernels into the transfer function, the nonlinear THP can compensate both the dispersion and the nonlinear distortion of the signal and improve the performance of the system. However, the added nonlinear kernels will significantly increase the complexity. To reduce the complexity of nonlinear THP, we propose a low-complexity absolute-term kernel based nonlinear THP scheme. Compared with the conventional Volterra kernel based THP scheme, the proposed methods can reduce the number of multipliers by 50%-60% without performance degradation. We successfully demonstrate a 70-km 40-Gbaud and a 90-km 30-Gbaud DSB PAM-4 C-band IM/DD transmission over dispersion-uncompensated links.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":"17-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan Esquivel-Hernández;Rodolfo Martínez-Manuel;Daniel Maldonado-Hurtado;Luis M. Valentín-Coronado;David Barrera;Salvador Sales
{"title":"Interferometric Temperature Fiber Sensor Based on Hilbert Transform","authors":"Jonathan Esquivel-Hernández;Rodolfo Martínez-Manuel;Daniel Maldonado-Hurtado;Luis M. Valentín-Coronado;David Barrera;Salvador Sales","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3504299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3504299","url":null,"abstract":"Implementation of the Hilbert Transform (HT) for temperature monitoring using an interferometric fiber sensor is presented. The method’s effectiveness is confirmed through modeling, simulation, and experimental results. This approach simplifies the process of monitoring the phase of an interferometric signal from a fiber sensor. Using a Fabry-Perot interferometer as the sensing element, it is demonstrated that the HT method enables accurate temperature measurement. The results show a high sensitivity and precision, with an error margin of less than 0.1°C, demonstrating the method’s reliability and potential for various applications.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":"41-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Guo;A-Long Peng;Jin-Zhe Liu;Shi-Yu Wang;Zhe-Yuan Li;Pei-Jin Shang;Yuan Lu
{"title":"Working-Mode Expansion of Active-Trigger Bleached Nd:YAG/Cr⁴⁺:YAG Passive Q-Switched Lasers","authors":"Qian Guo;A-Long Peng;Jin-Zhe Liu;Shi-Yu Wang;Zhe-Yuan Li;Pei-Jin Shang;Yuan Lu","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3499736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3499736","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposed a working mode incorporating the light control module parameters into the initial design of active-trigger bleached Nd:YAG/Cr\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathbf {4+}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000: YAG passive Q-switched lasers to extend their functionality. The proposed mode, named Type I mode, generates a pulse with a pumping power lower than the passive mode threshold, while the traditional setup is referred as Type II mode. The universality and implementation of the two working modes are verified experimentally, and the pulse characteristics are determined. The results demonstrate that Type I mode has high performance and low jitter pulses, similar to the Type II mode. Furthermore, Type I mode outperforms the passive mode and can reach the low-frequency region, unlike the Type II mode, which has no frequency lower bound and can be triggered manually. These advantages and the low power consumption make laser devices working in the Type I mode a high-quality light source for remote sensing and long-range communication, especially for space applications.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":"37-40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High Power Multi-Junction 808 nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers With High Efficiency","authors":"Fansheng Meng;Hongwei Qu;Xuyan Zhou;Aiyi Qi;Jiatong Sui;Wanhua Zheng","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3498439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3498439","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance 808-nm five-junction vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are designed and fabricated. The light-current-voltage characteristics of the 808-nm five-junction and single-junction VCSELs are compared. The 808-nm five-junction VCSELs with a high slope efficiency of 5.92 W/A at \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$5~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C and 5.10 W/A at \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$25~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C are achieved. The maximum power conversion efficiency is 55.04% for the 808-nm five-junction individual VCSEL. Under short pulse conditions (400 Hz, 60 ns pulse width), the peak output power of the five-junction VCSELs array is 1.013 kW at 224 A. Such multi-junction 808 nm VCSELs with a high power density have important applications in Q-tuned solid-state lasers.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"36 24","pages":"1489-1492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Externally Coated Dual-Channel Photonic Crystal Fiber for Bio-Temperature Sensing","authors":"Weihua Shi;Xi Cheng;Yuyan Fan;Yuying Gu","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3496509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3496509","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a dual-channel sensing structure for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) concentration and temperature is proposed. A gold coating is applied to the fiber’s exterior, creating a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing channel for DNA concentration measurement. The diameter of the air holes in the innermost and central horizontal layers is reduced, which is conducive to achieving strong coupling between the core and surface plasmon mode. Additionally, toluene is filled into an air hole within the fiber cladding, thus establishing a directional coupled sensing channel specifically designed for temperature detection, which minimizes the effect of temperature on the concentration of DNA. The sensing structure’s performance is analyzed using the finite element method, and its parameters are optimized accordingly. The results show that the two sensing channels are independent of each other, the concentration sensitivity is 1.03 nm/ g\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000cm\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {-3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 at DNA concentration ranging from 0.029 to 0.248 g/cm3, and −9.75 nm/°C at temperatures ranging from 0 to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$50~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C. The proposed sensing structure offers high sensitivity for DNA concentration and temperature detection, making it applicable in biomedical and other fields.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"36 24","pages":"1493-1496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimized Photonic-Electronic Co-Design for Hybrid Integrated Silicon-Based Optical Transmitters","authors":"Daofa Wang;Ye Jin;Han Liu;Yingjie Ma;Ang Li;Yujun Xie;Menghan Yang;Guike Li;Yang Qu;Peng Wang;Ye Xiao;Jinping Guo;Rui Yang;Wei Li;Nan Qi;Ming Li","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3496088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3496088","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for high-speed and energy-efficient data transmission in global communication networks has driven the development of advanced optical interconnect technologies. This work explores the integration of an optical transmitter utilizing silicon photonic Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) and drivers through a wire-bonding package. Fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, the MZMs leverage a single-drive series push-pull design to achieve high-speed modulation up to 112 Gbps and a 37 GHz bandwidth at a 3 V reverse DC bias, along with a modulation efficiency of 2.16 V\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 cm. The transmitter architecture incorporates a four-channel driver array, and experimental results demonstrate a bandwidth of 46 GHz with the capability to deliver a total data rate beyond 200 Gbps. An optimized photonic-electronic co-design on optoelectronic chips holds the promise of facilitating higher data transmission rates.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"36 24","pages":"1473-1476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Large-Signal SPICE Model for VCSEL Based on Piece-Wise Linear RLC Elements","authors":"Kihun Kim;Jun-Seo Kim;Jae-Young Kim;Woo-Young Choi","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3493956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3493956","url":null,"abstract":"We present an 850-nm VCSEL SPICE model that can be easily used for VCSEL simulation together with driver circuits. Our model consists of piece-wise linear RLC elements, whose bias-dependent parameter values are determined from measurement, and its configuration is determined with consideration for modeling and simulation convenience. The accuracy of the model is confirmed by comparing simulation results with the measurement results for the single-bit responses and the eye diagrams.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"36 24","pages":"1477-1480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}