{"title":"Fiber-to-Chip Packaging With Robust Fiber Fusion Splicing for Low-Temperature Applications","authors":"Aaron Hutchins;David Reens;Dave Kharas;Gavin N. West;Cheryl Sorace-Agaskar;John Chiaverini;Robert McConnell;Reuel Swint;Opeyemi Akanbi;Shannon Harding;Wei Guo","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3452039","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3452039","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) have emerged as a promising technology to support applications including datacom, AI, RF signal processing, and quantum computing and sensing. A critical aspect of PIC-based systems is the ability to transmit optical signals between chips, which requires a low-loss, robust interface between the PIC-chip and optical fiber. Here we present a thorough examination of a fiber fusion attachment process to create such an interface. The process used a CO2 laser to heat and fuse the fiber to a silicon nitride chip and achieved a measured coupling loss of ~2.45 dB/facet for 1550 nm light, which represents a reduction in loss of 0.5dB/facet from prior to the fusion splice being formed. A force sensor was integrated into the fusion splicing process to allow for quantitative analysis of splicing conditions. Additionally, the robustness of the fusion splicing process was demonstrated by repeated temperature cycling of a spliced chip between 193 K and 293 K led to an increase in loss of only 0.3 dB after five cycles.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultra-Compact and Ultra-Low Insertion Loss Silicon Optical Polarizer Based on Inverse Design","authors":"Li Liu;Bei Liao;Ping Zhao;Wei Xue;Cong Hu","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3451615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3451615","url":null,"abstract":"As the key device to realize polarization diversity function, the optical polarizer is a favorable way to solve the polarization sensitivity problem of silicon photonic devices. Nevertheless, on-chip silicon polarizers are still difficult to balance the compact size and superior performance. In order to break the above problems, an inverse design method is exploited to achieve ultra-compact silicon transverse electrical (TE)-pass polarizers. Compared with the reported polarizers (tens of micrometers), the 5.43-\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m-length of the proposed polarizer is significantly reduced by an order of magnitude. More importantly, the minimum insertion loss is as low as 0.17 dB and the experimental operation bandwidth could realize 100 nm (1500 nm~1600 nm). Furthermore, the maximum value of the extinction ratios could realize up to 32.2 dB. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to realize silicon optical polarizers with a record ultra-short length of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$5.43~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m, ultra-low insertion loss of 0.17 dB and wide bandwidth of 100 nm based on the inverse design method. The proposed optical polarizers have great potential applications in on-chip high-performance and high-capacity optical communication systems.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust Identification and Recovery of Obscured CO₂ Absorption Signals Using Deep Machine Learning","authors":"Faezeh Abbasi;Zahra Shabani;Mohammad Sadegh Yazdani;Alireza Khorsandi","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3451014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3451014","url":null,"abstract":"We present the efficacy of deep learning (DL) in identifying and recovering the CO2 absorption line from a noisy spectrum. Following a simulation-based assessment of the DL method’s capabilities, it was applied in an experiment utilizing a lock-in amplifier and mechanical chopper as a phase-sensitive detection unit. The results demonstrate that the DL method is fully qualified to replace traditional noise-reduction systems, simplifying spectroscopy while ensuring reliability and intelligence.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sultan El Badaoui;Luc Maret;Nicolas Delaunay;Anthony Cibié;Patrick Le Maitre;Clement Ballot;Julia Simon;Bastien Miralles;Bernard Aventurier;Paolo De Martino;Stephanie Jacob;Yannis Le Guennec
{"title":"Data Communication Using Blue GaN-on-Si Micro-LEDs Reported on a 200-mm Silicon Substrate","authors":"Sultan El Badaoui;Luc Maret;Nicolas Delaunay;Anthony Cibié;Patrick Le Maitre;Clement Ballot;Julia Simon;Bastien Miralles;Bernard Aventurier;Paolo De Martino;Stephanie Jacob;Yannis Le Guennec","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3451244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3451244","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, Gallium Nitride (GaN) blue micro-Light-Emitting-Diodes (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000LEDs) reported on a 200-mm Silicon substrate are utilized for multi-Gb/s data transmission. The manufacturing process is compatible with CMOS integrated circuit design, paving the way for fully integrated transmitters for \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000LED-based visible light communications (VLC) or chip-to-chip interconnects. Fiber-guided transmission has been realized using direct current optical-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) modulation, and a data rate of 5.9 Gb/s at a Bit-Error-Rate (BER) of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$3.8times 10 ^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 is reported using a single \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$50 times 50~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 m2 blue \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000LED. This data rate was further improved to reach 15.5 Gb/s in the case where the \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000LED is only limited by its non-linear distortions instead of the system’s noise, highlighting the high linearity of GaN \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000LEDs.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bilal Aziz;Stavros Giannakopoulos;Alexander Grabowski;Peter Andrekson
{"title":"Word Length Dependent Sensitivity Penalty in High Speed VCSEL-Based Optical Interconnects","authors":"M. Bilal Aziz;Stavros Giannakopoulos;Alexander Grabowski;Peter Andrekson","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3451141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3451141","url":null,"abstract":"The use of long pseudo-random bit sequences to emulate random data in optical transmission links often gives rise to degradation of the receiver sensitivity for a given target bit error rate resulting in a power budget penalty. This is a well know fact and conventionally attributed to the non-ideal response of the system at very low frequencies. Here, we investigate this in the context of directly-modulated vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) based optical interconnects. We observe, both in simulations and in experiments, a substantial increase in the penalty with long sequences especially at symbol rates exceeding the VCSEL bandwidth. Our results show that this is related to the high frequency dynamic behavior of the VCSEL itself and we identify a few certain short bit sequences that cause the large penalty observed. We also show that the penalty can be significantly reduced by a simple modification of the sequences.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing Quantum Dot Full-Color Display Performance Through Black Matrix Width Modulation","authors":"Ming Yi Lin;Qiao-Ting Li;Yi-Lin Li","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3450713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3450713","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we aim to explore the application of a resonant cavity structure in quantum dot full-color display technology, with a specific focus on the impact of black matrix (BM) width on display performance. We propose two theoretical calculation methods to evaluate how BM width influences the image performance of displays. Through systematic investigation, we observed that increasing the BM width from 0 nm to 25 nm can decrease the cross talk between subpixels from 48.65% to 0%. Additionally, improvements can be made to reduce the Aliasing Effect between subpixels. The color gamut of the images can be enhanced across all three display structures examined in this research. Notably, the display featuring the Ag/ZnO/Ag sandwich structure achieves a color gamut ratio of 100.65% Adobe RGB, with a color gamut coverage of 87.17% Adobe RGB.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Sing Leong;Nur Aisyah Binti Kebehi;Mohd Hadri Hafiz Mokhtar;Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly Zan;Norhana Arsad;Ahmad Ashrif A. Bakar
{"title":"Multichannel Confocal Microscopy Using Mixed-Mode Fiber Pair for Cellular-Resolution Imaging","authors":"Yang Sing Leong;Nur Aisyah Binti Kebehi;Mohd Hadri Hafiz Mokhtar;Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly Zan;Norhana Arsad;Ahmad Ashrif A. Bakar","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3449697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3449697","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a study on the imaging capabilities of a mixed-mode fibre cantilever-based endoscopic scanner using cladding mode and multimode core detection methods. Characterization of the mixed-mode fibre cantilever was performed to determine the properties of the fibre cantilever and assess the capability of detection via the multimode core detection. Furthermore, we demonstrated the capabilities of these detection modes by imaging cellular samples. The findings reveal that cladding mode detection provides a bright image of the cellular structures with the \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$16.8~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 m nucleus. Meanwhile, the images obtained from the multimode core detection reveal the irregularities on the surface, producing a pseudo-three-dimensional image of the sample. The application of multiple detection methods in the endoscopic scanner opens up new potential for more comprehensive optical imaging applications.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nana Zhang;Zhaopeng Yuan;Junhong Yu;Lei Huang;Hongxin Wang;Renpu Li;Yongrui Guo;Yong Ma
{"title":"Estimation Method for Surface and Medium Loss of Fabry-Pérot Etalon","authors":"Nana Zhang;Zhaopeng Yuan;Junhong Yu;Lei Huang;Hongxin Wang;Renpu Li;Yongrui Guo;Yong Ma","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3449345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3449345","url":null,"abstract":"The Fabry-Pérot (FP) etalon is widely applied in experimental research across various fields. In most experiments, the etalon is generally regarded as an ideal optical device. However, if there is any loss in the FP etalon, its parameters including transmittance, linewidth, and finesse will be affected, which will in turn affect the experimental results. In this letter, we propose an estimation method for surface and medium losses of FP etalon. When the FP etalon is not filled with any medium, we establish a relationship between the peak transmittance of the etalon and the surface loss through theoretical calculations. When the FP etalon is filled with a medium, we derive a relationship between the peak transmittance of the etalon and both the surface and the medium loss through calculations. The two functional relationships we established provide a theoretical foundation for experimental measurements of the surface and medium loss of the FP etalon. Based on these functional relationships, we propose a method for estimating the surface and medium losses of FP etalon. Our loss estimation method is also applicable to the FP interferometer.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modal Wavefront Reconstruction in Rotational Shearing Interferometer by Zernike Polynomials","authors":"TienDung Vu;Huy Vu","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3449439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3449439","url":null,"abstract":"A novel approach for wavefront reconstruction in rotational shearing interferometer is proposed. The correlation between the original and rotational wavefront is represented in matrix formalism, and the Zernike coefficient of the original wavefront is calculated from the interferogram wavefront through this matrix. We demonstrated the reconstruction ability of the method is efficient with negligible reconstruction errors by simulation. Experimental validation through the self-crosscheck property is introduced to indicate a uniform aberration of our collimator with high agreement.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}