{"title":"Broadband On-Chip Three Mode (De) Multiplexer Using SWG-Asymmetric Adiabatic Coupling","authors":"Rajarshi Guchhait;Shamsul Hassan;Devendra Chack;Gaurav Kumar","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3556783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3556783","url":null,"abstract":"A broadband and ultracompact on-chip three-mode (de)multiplexer has been designed and demonstrated experimentally using a subwavelength grating-assisted asymmetric adiabatic coupler on the silicon-on-insulator platform. The device supports the (de)multiplexing of TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes for a broad bandwidth of 145 nm. The proposed device has a compact footprint of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim ~5times 62~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m2. The fabricated device has a crosstalk of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$lt -10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB and insertion loss of <2.6 dB for wavelengths 1530 - 1675 nm (C-L-U band). The proposed three-mode (de)multiplexer is beneficial for mode division multiplexing and can be used for bandwidth enhancement in photonic network-on-chip systems.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 8","pages":"497-500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui Chen;Lei Zhang;Qibing Wang;Xu Zhang;Siyue Jin;Jie Luo;Lei Wang;Zhixue He
{"title":"Performance-Enhanced Digital Mobile Fronthaul Based on Long-Span Hollow-Core Anti-Resonant Fiber","authors":"Hui Chen;Lei Zhang;Qibing Wang;Xu Zhang;Siyue Jin;Jie Luo;Lei Wang;Zhixue He","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3556731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3556731","url":null,"abstract":"We present the first experimental demonstration of a performance-enhanced delta-sigma modulated digital mobile fronthaul (MFH) architecture using long-span hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HCF). By utilizing high baud rate four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) with intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD), 2-bit delta-sigma modulation (DSM) quantization enables the transmission of high-order 1024/4096-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) based discrete multi-tone (DMT) signal over 11 km and 20 km of HCF in the C-band, meeting the fronthaul error vector magnitude (EVM) thresholds of 2.5% and 1.29%, respectively. Compared with conventional standard single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission, HCF based transmission achieves more than two-fold capacity enhancement while maintaining simplified digital signal processing (DSP), providing a promising solution for future MFH architecture.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 9","pages":"508-511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wangheng Pan;Zongwen Li;Anran Wang;Pengfei Zhao;Hu Chen;Zhixiang Zhang;Yi Shi;Yang Xu;Fengqiu Wang
{"title":"Bandwidth Characteristics of a Graphene/Silicon Schottky-Junction Photodetector","authors":"Wangheng Pan;Zongwen Li;Anran Wang;Pengfei Zhao;Hu Chen;Zhixiang Zhang;Yi Shi;Yang Xu;Fengqiu Wang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3556025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3556025","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene/silicon (Gr/Si) heterostructure has emerged as a promising approach for high-performance broadband photodetectors. However, it is often the case that devices of similar structures exhibit bandwidths that differ by orders of magnitude. Moreover, the relatively large photosensitive area combined with multiple operation modes make it imperative to understand the in-plane bandwidth characteristics of such devices. Here, we conducted a thorough investigation of the in-plane bandwidth distribution and the focal-condition-dependent bandwidth characteristics in an exemplar Gr/Si Schottky-junction photodetector with a large lateral dimension (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim 640~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m). It is found that the bandwidth as deduced by the 0.35/<inline-formula> <tex-math>$tau _{mathrm {FWHM}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> method can better depict the high-frequency transient response of the device than the more conventional S21 bandwidth. Additionally, influence of illumination area and excitation power density on the response time has been characterized. Our study helps clarify two commonly used bandwidth figures of merit, and suggests that more analysis of the in-plane bandwidth characteristics may lead to updated design guidelines for photosensitive devices.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 8","pages":"485-488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Power Near Flat-Top Distributed Ultraviolet 330 nm Laser for Photochemical Synthesis","authors":"Qian Ti;Fei Yang;Huan Wang;Da-Fu Cui;Chuan Guo;Qi Bian;Chen Wang;Yong Bo;Qin-Jun Peng","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3556005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3556005","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a 10-watt level nanosecond pulse ultraviolet (UV) 330 nm laser from a two-stage cascaded second harmonic generation (SHG) of 1319 nm Nd:YAG laser. The diode-side-pumped Nd:YAG oscillator at 1319 nm is operated in the Q-switched macro/micro pulse regime, which is beneficial for increasing the average output power of the fundamental wave. In order to further scale the 330 nm output power, two LBO crystals rotated by 180° are employed to compensate for the spatial walk-off effect in the second-stage SHG configuration. Consequently, a record-high average output power of 11.9 W at 330 nm is achieved with total nonlinear conversion efficiency up to 33.1% from infrared to UV. Moreover, the UV circular beam with Gaussian spatial mode is homogenized and reshaped by two pairs of orthogonal cylindrical microlens arrays. Then, a near flat-top distributed square beam with adjustable spot size is realized, which helps to avoid absorption saturation and improve the reaction efficiency in photochemical synthesis.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 9","pages":"516-519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimized Quantum Random Number Generator for Single Photon LiDAR Interference Suppression","authors":"Yicheng Wang;Xing Yang;Hao Pan;Yunhui Guo;Lei Zuo;Yuwei Chen","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3555856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3555856","url":null,"abstract":"Single photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors have been facing serious issues of light interference and optical attacks. Random modulation of transmitted laser can effectively suppress interference and counter attacks. Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) based on single photon detection of LiDAR has become an important solution for generating true random numbers. The performance of traditional QRNG based on the parity of counting values of photon events (CntOE-QRNG) is poor under low photon event rate. This letter proposes a novel QRNG method based on parity discrimination of photon event interval (IntOE-QRNG). It is proved that the IntOE-QRNG has more advantages under the condition of low photon event rate. Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods, this letter finally proposes an optimized QRNG that combines these two methods to adapt to different photon event rate conditions.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 9","pages":"512-515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Chiral Nonlinear Metasurface Based on Lithium Niobate","authors":"Xudong Hu;Rongquan Chen;Wei Wang;Yuqing Song;Xixi Chu;Hanfeng Wei;Jinbiao Liu;Ming Chen","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3556515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3556515","url":null,"abstract":"There have been many researches on nonlinear metasurface in recent years. The advantages of lithium niobate are its transparency in the near infrared range as well as high nonlinear coefficients. In this letter, a metasurface based on the chiral structure of lithium niobate is designed. The nonlinear efficiency can reach 3.9% with optical intensity at 0.0561 GW/cm<sup>2</sup>. It can also achieve a circular dichroism (CD) of 0.79 under the same nonlinear conditions. The resonance principle is analyzed by using multipole decomposition. The chiral structure increases the degree of freedom of structural adjustment and realizes the differential response to different circularly polarized light. The excellent comprehensive effect of our research can make it applicable to biosensing, nonlinear imaging, encoding, and chiral light modulation.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 13","pages":"697-700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In-Sensor Convolutional Computation Based on Retina-Inspired Infrared Photodetector Array","authors":"Hongyi Lin;Xinyu Ma;Xiaoyong Jiang;Xiangyang Shi;Minxia Xu;Yutong Li;Siyu Long;Yi Dong;Qing Li;Ting He;Fang Zhong;Ning Li;Wei Lu;Weida Hu;Jinshui Miao","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3555798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3555798","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of infrared detection, as the resolution of detection wavelengths and spatial imaging improves, traditional architectures that separate sensing and processing struggle to meet the exponentially growing demands of machine vision. Inspired by the human visual system, which performs preprocessing on the retina to reduce the burden of information transmission, we propose an MSM (metal/semiconductor-InGaAs/metal) structure retina-inspired infrared photodetector. This detector allows the modulation of response polarity and amplitude by adjusting the bias voltage, enabling a range of preprocessing operations inside the detector. The Au/InGaAs/Au retinal-like detector exhibits tunable positive and negative photoresponses in the short-wave infrared region, with a response speed of up to 490 ns, facilitating ultra-fast image information preprocessing. We propose a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$16times 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in-sensor computing hardware system capable of deploying various convolution kernels directly inside the detector to perform convolution operations, offering a unique opportunity for lightweight convolutional neural network hardware.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 9","pages":"541-544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polarization-Dependent Loss Mitigation via Orthogonal Design Precoding and Interference Cancellation","authors":"Mohannad Shehadeh;Frank R. Kschischang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3555919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3555919","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work by Shehadeh and Kschischang provides a simple capacity-achieving scheme for channels with polarization-dependent loss (PDL) under common modeling assumptions via a careful choice of orthogonal-design-based precoding and interference cancellation. This letter extends that work with a simulation-based demonstration showing that this scheme remains highly effective at mitigating PDL in the highly practical setting of 16-QAM with Chase-decoded extended Hamming inner codes rather than the near-capacity inner codes considered in the original work. An alternative near-optimal variation of this scheme is also provided requiring only one inner code rather than two and suffering no penalty in the absence of PDL, making it much more practical.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 8","pages":"477-480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sicheng Guo;Tao Cheng;Kangjian Yang;Lingxi Kong;Shuai Wang;Ping Yang
{"title":"Beam Jitter Suppression Method for Large-Aperture Tip-Tilt Mirrors With Non-Negligible Resonance","authors":"Sicheng Guo;Tao Cheng;Kangjian Yang;Lingxi Kong;Shuai Wang;Ping Yang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3554761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3554761","url":null,"abstract":"Effective control of large-aperture tip-tilt mirrors (TTMs) has been a pressing concern in beam stabilization due to the influence of their internal mechanical resonance. To the best of our knowledge, this Letter reports a new high-efficiency actor-critic (HEAC) scheme to effectively eliminate the impact of mechanical resonance on jitter suppression stabilization and performance. Moreover, HEAC features rapid deployment and training that rely solely on online noisy measurements through the establishment of a specific tracking control problem, the decoupling of the unknown system parameters, and the design of a quadratic homogeneous polynomial basis function network. The experimental results demonstrate that the HEAC has successfully achieved stable and efficient suppression of jitter near the resonance peak or close to the Nyquist frequency for a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$Phi ~405$ </tex-math></inline-formula>mm aperture TTM.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 9","pages":"536-539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10942387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low-Loss and Robust Arc-Discharge Fusion-Splicing Between Anti-Resonant Hollow-Core Fibers","authors":"Junjie Zeng;Cong Zhang;Yue Wang;Peng Li;Lei Zhang;Jie Luo;Lipeng Feng;Di Lin;Songnian Fu;Yuwen Qin","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3554394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3554394","url":null,"abstract":"Fusion splicing between anti-resonant hollow-core fibers (AR-HCFs) is the key enabler that opens practical applications of those fibers in low-latency and low-loss fiber optical communication. Here, the impact of angular misalignment and fiber overlap on the splicing loss, higher-order modes (HOMs) excitation, and polarization-dependent loss (PDL) of commonly-used AR-HCF with 5-nested tubes are comprehensively characterized. Simulation and experimental results reveal that the misalignment angle can introduce a maximum coupling loss of 0.12 dB while having almost no impact on HOMs excitation and PDL variation. Then, under the condition of perfect angular alignment, the parameter of fiber overlap during the splicing is optimized, and an average splicing loss of 0.05 dB over 10 times experiment is obtained, which is equivalent to the loss result of standard single mode fiber (SSMF) splicing. Spectral analysis shows that the normalized LP11 mode power has a slight increase from -31.62 dB to -28.33 dB, and the variation in PDL is less than 0.01 dB under the optimal fiber overlap of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$8~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m, indicating that no structural deformation of AR-HCF thin tubes is introduced during the fusion splicing. Moreover, the mechanical robustness of the splicing is examined with a standard proof test returning a damage threshold of 250 gf @1 s. Our proposed fusion splicing technique can be extended to various AR-HCFs, providing the benefit of low-loss, robust, and repeatable interconnection between AR-HCFs.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 8","pages":"465-468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}