Fang-Yi Gu;Cheng-Han Yang;Ing-Chao Lin;Da-Wei Chang;Darsen D. Lu;Ulf Schlichtmann
{"title":"A Hardware Friendly Variation-Tolerant Framework for RRAM-Based Neuromorphic Computing","authors":"Fang-Yi Gu;Cheng-Han Yang;Ing-Chao Lin;Da-Wei Chang;Darsen D. Lu;Ulf Schlichtmann","doi":"10.1109/TCSI.2024.3443180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2024.3443180","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging resistive random access memory (RRAM) attracts considerable interest in computing-in-memory by its high efficiency in multiply-accumulate operation, which is the key computation in the neural network (NN). However, due to the imperfect fabrication, RRAM cells suffer from the variations, which make the values in RRAM cells deviate from the target values so that the accuracy of the RRAM-based NN accelerator degrades significantly. Moreover, in a practical hardware design of RRAM-based NN accelerators, if the number of wordlines and bitlines in a crossbar array activated at the same time increases, ADCs with a high resolution are required and the power consumption of ADC increases. This paper proposes a novel methodology to mitigate the impact of variations in RRAM-based neural network accelerators. The methodology includes a unary-based non-uniform quantization method and a variation-aware operation unit (OU) based framework. The unary-based non-uniform quantization method equalizes the significance of weights stored in each RRAM cell to reduce the impact of variations. The variation-aware OU-based framework activates only RRAM cells in the same OU at the same time, which reduces the power consumption of ADCs. Additionally, the framework introduces three methods, including OU skipping, OU recombination, and OU compensation, to further mitigate the impact of variations. The experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art among four NN models on two datasets with 2-bit cell resolution.","PeriodicalId":13039,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","volume":"71 12","pages":"6419-6432"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fanout-Based Reliability Model for SER Estimation in Combinational Circuits","authors":"Esfandiar Esmaieli, Yasser Sedaghat, Ali Peiravi","doi":"10.1109/tcsi.2024.3458864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3458864","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13039,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structure-Varying Complex Network Chaotic Model and Its Hardware Implementation","authors":"Chenyu Wang, Jun Zheng, Yining Qian","doi":"10.1109/tcsi.2024.3455409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3455409","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13039,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Universal Finite-Time Observer-Based ITSMC for Converter-Driven Motor Systems With Disturbances","authors":"Zhongding Zhang, Zeyu Guo, Zuo Wang, Shihua Li","doi":"10.1109/tcsi.2024.3457838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3457838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13039,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis and Design of Wideband Active Single-Sideband Time Modulator in 0.13-$mu$m CMOS","authors":"Guoxiao Cheng, Jin-Dong Zhang, Qiaoyu Chen, Wen Wu","doi":"10.1109/tcsi.2024.3456237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3456237","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13039,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongxin Li, Chunbiao Li, Sen Zhang, Yuanjin Zheng, Guanrong Chen
{"title":"Offset Boosting-Oriented Construction of Multi-Scroll Attractor via a Memristor Model","authors":"Yongxin Li, Chunbiao Li, Sen Zhang, Yuanjin Zheng, Guanrong Chen","doi":"10.1109/tcsi.2024.3455350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3455350","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13039,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LLD: Lightweight Latency Decrease Scheme of LDPC Hard Decision Decoding for 3-D TLC NAND Flash Memory","authors":"Debao Wei;Yongchao Wang;Hua Feng;Huqi Xiang;Liyan Qiao","doi":"10.1109/TCSI.2024.3438789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2024.3438789","url":null,"abstract":"The low-density parity-check code (LDPC) has been widely used to significantly enhance the reliability of 3-D NAND flash memory. However, in cases where the raw bit error rate (RBER) of the data is high, it not only demands more sense levels but also requires a large number of iterations, leading to a notable read latency issue. To mitigate this challenge, this paper introduces an innovative lightweight latency decrease (LLD) scheme. Initially, by examining the correlation between the number of iterations and the hard decision level (HDL), a functional model that encapsulates the relationship between iteration and offset is established. Building upon this model, the all-wordlines latency decrease (AWLD) scheme is proposed. In an effort to further decrease latency, an in-depth analysis of the similarities among different wordlines within a flash memory block is conducted, leading to the development of an optimized one-wordline lightweight latency decrease (OWLLD) scheme. For scenarios involving random reading of small data volumes, the interplay between function models of various overlapping regions is delved into, which ultimately results in the proposal of a further optimized one-page lightweight latency decrease (OPLLD) scheme. Experimental findings reveal that the OPLLD scheme can enhance the iterative performance of LDPC by up to 94.63% and reduce latency by up to 66.89% compared to traditional algorithms, while incurring minimal storage and computational overhead. This clearly indicates that the proposed scheme substantially enhances the read latency performance of LDPC in flash memory.","PeriodicalId":13039,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","volume":"71 10","pages":"4611-4623"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinchi Xu, Yonggang Wang, Yonghang Zhou, Zhengqi Song, Bo Wu, Xin Lin
{"title":"A 12 ps Precision Two-Step Time-to-Digital Converter Consuming 434 $mu$W at 1 MS/s in 180 nm CMOS With a Dual-Slope Time Amplifier","authors":"Xinchi Xu, Yonggang Wang, Yonghang Zhou, Zhengqi Song, Bo Wu, Xin Lin","doi":"10.1109/tcsi.2024.3454793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3454793","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13039,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}