Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of lemborexant as an alternative drug for patients with insomnia taking gamma-aminobutyric acid–benzodiazepine receptor agonists or suvorexant","authors":"Kazumaro Okino,&nbsp;Hirohisa Suzuki,&nbsp;Hiroi Tomioka,&nbsp;Kenji Sanada,&nbsp;Keita Kawai,&nbsp;Akira Iwanami,&nbsp;Atsuko Inamoto","doi":"10.1002/hup.2868","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2868","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although gamma-aminobutyric acid–benzodiazepine (GABA-BZ) receptor agonists are used to treat insomnia, their long-term or high-dosage use causes adverse events. Nevertheless, evidence regarding the discontinuation and replacement of GABA-BZ receptor agonists with alternative agents is lacking. Suvorexant (SUX), an existing orexin receptor antagonist, is effective in preventing nocturnal awakening in 70%–75% of patients with insomnia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The novel dual orexin receptor antagonist lemborexant (LEM) has fewer adverse effects than GABA-BZ receptor agonists. Therefore, in this retrospective study, we categorised patients taking GABA-BZ receptor agonists and SUX into LEM-treated (switched) and non-treated (non-switched) groups and compared their outcomes over a 12-week period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The GABA-BZ group (<i>N</i> = 59) comprised 34 ‘switched’ and 25 ‘non-switched’ and the SUX group (<i>N</i> = 14) comprised 6 ‘switched’ and 8 ‘non-switched’ patients. A mixed model showed a significant diazepam equivalence reduction in patients taking GABA-BZ receptor agonists and improved Athens Insomnia Scale score in those taking SUX. The safety and tolerability of GABA-BZ receptor agonists and SUX were high, and no serious adverse effects were observed after switching to LEM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lemborexant may be a useful alternative for long-term GABA-BZ receptor agonist users. For SUX, the number of cases (<i>N</i> = 6) was insufficient to draw definite conclusions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9780810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A narrative review of the neuropharmacology of synthetic cathinones—Popular alternatives to classical drugs of abuse","authors":"Patryk Kuropka,&nbsp;Marcin Zawadzki,&nbsp;Paweł Szpot","doi":"10.1002/hup.2866","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2866","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To review the literature on the neuropharmacology of synthetic cathinones.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive literature search was carried out across multiple databases (mainly PubMed, World Wide Web, and Google Scholar) using relevant keywords.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cathinones exhibit a broad toxicological profile, mimicking the effects of a wide variety of ‘classic drugs’ such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine and cocaine. Even small structural changes affect their interactions with key proteins. This article reviews existing knowledge of the mechanisms of action of cathinones at the molecular level, and key findings from research on their structure-activity relationship. The cathinones are also classified according to their chemical structure and neuropharmacological profiles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Synthetic cathinones represent one of the most numerous and widespread groups among new psychoactive substances. Initially developed for therapeutic purposes, they quickly started to be used recreationally. With a rapidly increasing number of new agents entering the market, structure-activity relationship studies are valuable for assessing and predicting the addictive potential and toxicity of new and potential future substances. The neuropharmacological properties of synthetic cathinones are still not fully understood. A full elucidation of the role of some key proteins, including organic cation transporters, requires detailed studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9427262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of hydroxyzine for sleep in adults: Systematic review","authors":"Courtney R. Burgazli,&nbsp;Krishna B. Rana,&nbsp;Jamie N. Brown,&nbsp;Frank Tillman III","doi":"10.1002/hup.2864","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2864","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the efficacy and safety of hydroxyzine for insomnia in adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases was conducted to identify relevant published studies through October 2022 using the search terms: hydroxyzine and sleep, insomnia, sleep disorder or sleep initiation and maintenance disorders. Studies identified for review included prospective, interventional designs or cohort trials that reported impact of hydroxyzine on sleep in adults. Animal studies, case reports, non-English articles, letters to the editor, case studies, and conference abstracts were excluded. Data were extracted using a standardized systematic process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five articles were identified for inclusion, including 1 open-label and 4 randomized controlled trials, evaluating a total of 207 patients receiving hydroxyzine 25 mg, 50 mg, or 100 mg at bedtime. Mixed efficacy was demonstrated in the sleep measures of sleep onset, sleep maintenance, and sleep quality. The most common adverse drug effect was dry mouth, although 4 of the 5 studies did not report safety outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The studies in this review suggest hydroxyzine could be considered as a short-term treatment option for adults with insomnia for whom previous therapy was ineffective, not tolerated, or contraindicated. Additional long-term studies with an active comparator are needed to further establish its role in insomnia treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2864","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9483638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of adjunctive aripiprazole on QT interval: A 12-week open label study in patients on olanzapine, clozapine or risperidone","authors":"Thanita Pilunthanakul,&nbsp;Mable Quek Jing Ting,&nbsp;Jimmy Lee,&nbsp;Bhanu Gupta","doi":"10.1002/hup.2863","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2863","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the effect of adjunct aripiprazole on QT of patients clinically stabilized on atypical antipsychotics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dataset was from an open-label 12-week prospective trial that evaluated adjunctive use of 5 mg/day of aripiprazole on metabolic profile in patients with schizophrenia, or schizoaffective disorder stabilized on olanzapine, clozapine, or risperidone. Bazett-corrected QT (QTc) was manually calculated from ECGs measured at baseline (before aripiprazole) and week 12, by two doctors blind to the diagnosis and atypical antipsychotic. The change in QTc (∆QTc: baseline QTc–week 12 QTc) and the number of participants in normal, borderline, prolonged, and pathological groups after 12 weeks were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-five participants, mean age of 39.3 (SD 8.2) years, were analyzed. The ∆QTc after 12 weeks was 5.9 ms (<i>p</i> = 0.143) for the whole sample; 16.4 ms (<i>p</i> = 0.762), 3.7 ms (<i>p</i> = 0.480) and 0.5 ms (<i>p</i> = 0.449), for the clozapine, risperidone and olanzapine group, respectively. There was no significant statistical difference comparing the change in QTc overall, and between atypical antipsychotic groups, when evaluating from baseline to endpoint. However, stratifying the sample based on sex-dependent QTc cut-offs showed a 45% decrease in abnormal QTc readings (<i>p</i> = 0.049) after aripiprazole initiation; 20 subjects had abnormal QTc at baseline, while only 11 subjects had abnormal QTc at 12 weeks. 25.5% of participants showed a reduction in at least one QTc severity group, while 65.5% had no change and 9.0% worsened in QTc group, after 12 weeks of adjunct aripiprazole.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Low-dose adjunctive aripiprazole did not prolong QTc in patients stabilized on either olanzapine, risperidone, or clozapine. More controlled studies evaluating the QTc effect of adjunctive aripiprazole should be done to confirm and support these findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2863","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9819262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dexamphetamine influences funneling illusion based on psychometric score","authors":"Faiz M. Kassim,&nbsp;J. H. Mark Lim,&nbsp;Matthew A. Albrecht,&nbsp;Mathew T. Martin-Iverson","doi":"10.1002/hup.2862","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2862","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our team previously showed that like the experience of the rubber hand illusion (RHI) in people with schizophrenia and their offspring¸ dexamphetamine administration to healthy volunteers increases the stimulus binding windows (BWs) in RHI. It is not clear if similar expansions of BWs are present for unimodal illusions. Studies have also shown that subjective or objective effects of amphetamine would be linked to between-person variations in personality measures. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effect of dexamphetamine (DEX), a dopamine-releasing stimulant, on illusory perception using unimodal sensory stimuli (Tactile Funneling Illusion [TFI]) across both temporal and spatial variables. We further examined the relationship between changes in psychometric scores and changes in illusion perception induced by dexamphetamine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Healthy subjects (<i>N</i> = 20) participated in a randomized, double-blind, counter-balanced, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. The effects of dexamphetamine (0.45 mg/kg, PO, q.d.) on funneling and error of spatial localization (EL) were examined using TFI. Psychotomimetic effects were assessed using a battery of psychological measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dexamphetamine did not significantly increased the funneling illusion (<i>p</i> = 0.88) or EL (<i>p</i> = 0.5), relative to placebo. However, the degree of change in psychometric scores following dexamphetamine positively correlated with changes in funneling (<i>ρ</i> = 0.48, <i>p</i> = 0.03, <i>n</i> = 20), mainly at 0 ms delay condition (<i>ρ</i> = 0.6, <i>p</i> = 0.004, <i>n</i> = 20).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Unlike multimodal illusions, alteration of BWs does not occur for unimodal illusions after administration of a dopamine-releasing agent. However, our findings indicate that moderate release of dopamine, through its psychotomimetic effect, indirectly influences unimodal illusion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9128691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aroma of the essential oil of peppermint reduces aggressive driving behaviour in healthy adults","authors":"Mark Moss,&nbsp;Jasmine Ho,&nbsp;Sophie Swinburne,&nbsp;Anna Turner","doi":"10.1002/hup.2865","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2865","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aggressive driving is of increasing concern in modern society. This study investigated the potential for the presence of an ambient aroma to reduce aggressive responses in a simulated driving situation. Previous literature has demonstrated the beneficial effect of peppermint (<i>Mentha piperita</i>) aroma on driver alertness and we aimed to identify any impact on aggressive driver behaviour. Fifty volunteers were randomly assigned to one of two conditions (peppermint essential oil aroma and no aroma). Aggressive driving behaviours were measured in a virtual reality driving simulator. The analysis indicated that the peppermint aroma significantly reduced aggressive driving behaviours. The presence of the aroma also produced medium sized effects on some aspects of mood from pre-test levels. These results provide support for the use of ambient aromas for the modification of driving behaviours. It is proposed that applying peppermint into daily driving may be a beneficial for reducing driver aggression.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9124617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/spc3.12608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12608","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48838962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Nico’—A lone voyager in Strange Seas","authors":"David S. Baldwin","doi":"10.1002/hup.2859","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2859","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Christa Päffgen died in a corridor waiting for a hospital bed during the evening of July 18, 1988. She was 49 years old. Contemporaneous accounts state that she had cycled away from home in searing midday heat for distant downtown Ibiza hoping to buy hashish. She was found by strangers at a roadside that afternoon, unable to talk. A first hospital turned Christa away as a ‘vagrant junkie’; a second declined assessment because she had no health insurance; a third refused admission as she was an ‘old hippie’. Staff in a fourth hospital admitted her and ultimately diagnosed a cerebral haemorrhage, but could not insert a needle into her tired old veins: though she was undergoing methadone replacement therapy, she had previously been addicted to heroin for over 15 years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Christa was more commonly known as ‘Nico’, and had been a model, actress, singer-songwriter and musician. She sang on four tracks of &lt;i&gt;The Velvet Underground and Nico (1967)&lt;/i&gt;—including ‘Femme Fatale’ and ‘All Tomorrow's Parties'—with an austere, unornamented, deep contralto voice. Subsequent solo albums pushed against musical and emotional boundaries; and are considered unlistenable by some, ground-breaking by others. &lt;i&gt;The Marble Index&lt;/i&gt; (1968),1 with its sorrowful plainsong, bleak swirling harmonium, and distorted viola gradually became regarded as an avant-garde classic. Nico associated with a &lt;i&gt;Who's Who&lt;/i&gt; of male rock stars of the 1960/70s. Men were captivated by her beauty but threatened by her often scornful disdain: with notable exceptions, most treated her carelessly. In subsequent decades, she was no longer denigrated as a mere Muse or Mannequin, but instead valued as an exceptional though troubled musical visionary. But opiate addiction eroded her output remorselessly, and she spent most of her final years at the margins of the New Wave music scene, living precariously in Prestwich and Salford.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The relevance of the decline of ‘Nico’ to the concerns of psychopharmacologists and psychiatrists might seem somewhat tenuous: that is, before considering her experience of childhood trauma in wartime Germany, the recurring toll of abusive intimate relationships, and stigmatised attitudes towards drug addiction. The military call-up of her father contributed to her temporary placement in the largest orphanage in Europe, which was run according to mixed arch-Catholic and Nazi ideology. Her father subsequently died from war injuries before Christa could see him again. As a teenager she had to provide evidence at a court-martial, after being raped by a soldier of the post-war American occupying forces. As ‘Nico’, she was manipulated by a succession of men who exploited her allure, belittled her intelligence, and demeaned her artistry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nico showed the persistent detachment of recurrently traumatised individuals long before her preoccupying persistent concern about securing the next ‘fix’. As a single woman with only passing lovers and few possessions, and l","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2859","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10465529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The factor structure of extrapyramidal symptoms evaluated using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale in patients with schizophrenia: Results from the 2016 REAP AP-4 study","authors":"Chika Kubota,&nbsp;Toshiya Inada,&nbsp;Shih-Ku Lin,&nbsp;Ajit Avasthi,&nbsp;Kok Yoon Chee,&nbsp;Andi Jayalangkara Tanra,&nbsp;Shu-Yu Yang,&nbsp;Lian-Yu Chen,&nbsp;Mian-Yoon Chong,&nbsp;Adarsh Tripathi,&nbsp;Roy Abraham Kallivayalil,&nbsp;Sandeep Grover,&nbsp;Seon-Cheol Park,&nbsp;Takahiro A. Kato,&nbsp;Yu-Tao Xiang,&nbsp;Kang Sim,&nbsp;Margarita M. Maramis,&nbsp;Isa Multazam Noor,&nbsp;Chay-Hoon Tan,&nbsp;Norman Sartorius,&nbsp;Naotaka Shinfuku","doi":"10.1002/hup.2861","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2861","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drug-induced extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) remains a major problem in clinical psychiatry. This study aimed to examine the factor structure of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms observed in patients with schizophrenia and assessed using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The participants were 1478 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia whose EPS was assessed using the DIEPSS in India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, and Taiwan in the 2016 REAP AP-4 study. The records of the participants were randomly divided into two subgroups: the first for exploratory factor analysis of the eight DIEPSS items, and the second for confirmatory factor analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The factor analysis identified three factors: F1 (gait and bradykinesia), F2 (muscle rigidity and tremor), and F3 (sialorrhea, akathisia, dystonia, and dyskinesia).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results suggest that the eight individual items of the DIEPSS could be composed of three different mechanisms: acute parkinsonism observed during action (F1), acute parkinsonism observed at rest (F2), and central dopaminergic mechanisms with pathophysiology other than acute parkinsonism (F3).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9482600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"J Guy Edwards, FRCPsych, FRCP, FRCGP (Hon), DPM, HonMFPH, Founding Editor of Human Psychopharmacology","authors":"Philip Cowen","doi":"10.1002/hup.2860","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2860","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Guy Edwards dedicated his life to the clinical care of patients and was a full-time NHS consultant psychiatrist in Southampton until his retirement in 1993. This made his numerous achievements in psychopharmacology - carried out of necessity on top of his NHS work in his own time—particularly remarkable. In fact, coming from a working-class family in a Welsh mining village, Guy was the first member of his family to have full experience of secondary school, let alone a university education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Admiration for the family GP prompted Guy to opt for medicine, and positive experiences of work with psychiatric patients as a medical student led him later to specialise in psychiatry in Manchester where he obtained his DPM in 1964. However, it was a chance encounter with Linford Rees that led Guy into the field of psychopharmacology. Rees knew that the famous American psychopharmacologist, Nathan Kline, was in London recruiting psychiatrists to assist in his drug development programme and arranged a meeting between them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The meeting with Kline resulted in Guy spending three key years in the United States where he learned about laboratory and clinical aspects of psychopharmacology, the latter in collaboration with George Simpson involving clinical trials of antipsychotic drugs in the ‘Early Clinical Drug Assessment Unit (ECDU)’ at the Rockland Research Institute, New York. This was an exciting time for psychotropic drug development with the antipsychotic effects of chlorpromazine having been demonstrated just a few years earlier. At ECDU, Guy studied the clinical effects of several newer potential antipsychotic drugs, including thioxanthenes and butyrophenones. The experience gained here was important to Guy, when after returning to the UK, he carried out investigations of the therapeutic and adverse effects of other new antipsychotic agents such as remoxipride and sulpiride. Characteristically in this work he would devise his own protocols and be responsible personally for patient recruitment and clinical care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Guy's contribution to the psychopharmacology of antidepressant drug treatment was particularly notable and showed his gift for collaboration with general medical and psychiatrist colleagues as well as his ability to identify issues important to clinicians and their patients. For example, recognising the problematic pro-convulsant effects of tricyclic antidepressants, Guy carried out studies with Michael Sedgwick, a Professor of Neurophysiology, looking at the effect on seizure threshold of alternative antidepressant agents such as mianserin and paroxetine. Similarly, with physician-pharmacologist Derek Waller, he compared the effects of antidepressants on cardiac conduction and assessed the consequences of lithium treatment on renal function.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Guy's combination of scientific insight and clinical acumen led him to be a frequent editorial writer for journals such as the British Medical Journal (BMJ). His judgement here was alway","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9259461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}