A narrative review of the neuropharmacology of synthetic cathinones—Popular alternatives to classical drugs of abuse

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI:10.1002/hup.2866

Patryk Kuropka, Marcin Zawadzki, Paweł Szpot

{"title":"A narrative review of the neuropharmacology of synthetic cathinones—Popular alternatives to classical drugs of abuse","authors":"Patryk Kuropka, Marcin Zawadzki, Paweł Szpot","doi":"10.1002/hup.2866","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Objective</h3>\n \n <p>To review the literature on the neuropharmacology of synthetic cathinones.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>A comprehensive literature search was carried out across multiple databases (mainly PubMed, World Wide Web, and Google Scholar) using relevant keywords.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Cathinones exhibit a broad toxicological profile, mimicking the effects of a wide variety of ‘classic drugs’ such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine and cocaine. Even small structural changes affect their interactions with key proteins. This article reviews existing knowledge of the mechanisms of action of cathinones at the molecular level, and key findings from research on their structure-activity relationship. The cathinones are also classified according to their chemical structure and neuropharmacological profiles.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Synthetic cathinones represent one of the most numerous and widespread groups among new psychoactive substances. Initially developed for therapeutic purposes, they quickly started to be used recreationally. With a rapidly increasing number of new agents entering the market, structure-activity relationship studies are valuable for assessing and predicting the addictive potential and toxicity of new and potential future substances. The neuropharmacological properties of synthetic cathinones are still not fully understood. A full elucidation of the role of some key proteins, including organic cation transporters, requires detailed studies.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hup.2866","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Abstract

Objective

To review the literature on the neuropharmacology of synthetic cathinones.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was carried out across multiple databases (mainly PubMed, World Wide Web, and Google Scholar) using relevant keywords.

Results

Cathinones exhibit a broad toxicological profile, mimicking the effects of a wide variety of ‘classic drugs’ such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine and cocaine. Even small structural changes affect their interactions with key proteins. This article reviews existing knowledge of the mechanisms of action of cathinones at the molecular level, and key findings from research on their structure-activity relationship. The cathinones are also classified according to their chemical structure and neuropharmacological profiles.

Conclusions

Synthetic cathinones represent one of the most numerous and widespread groups among new psychoactive substances. Initially developed for therapeutic purposes, they quickly started to be used recreationally. With a rapidly increasing number of new agents entering the market, structure-activity relationship studies are valuable for assessing and predicting the addictive potential and toxicity of new and potential future substances. The neuropharmacological properties of synthetic cathinones are still not fully understood. A full elucidation of the role of some key proteins, including organic cation transporters, requires detailed studies.

查看原文本刊更多论文

合成卡西酮的神经药理学综述-经典滥用药物的流行替代品

目的综述合成卡西酮的神经药理学研究文献。方法采用相关关键词在PubMed、World Wide Web、谷歌Scholar等多个数据库进行综合文献检索。结果卡西酮表现出广泛的毒理学特征，模仿各种“经典药物”的作用，如3,4-亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺(MDMA)、甲基苯丙胺和可卡因。即使是很小的结构变化也会影响它们与关键蛋白质的相互作用。本文综述了卡西酮在分子水平上的作用机制，以及其构效关系的主要研究成果。卡西酮也根据其化学结构和神经药理特征进行分类。结论合成卡西酮是新型精神活性物质中数量最多、分布最广的一类。它们最初是用于治疗目的，但很快就开始用于娱乐。随着新药物进入市场的数量迅速增加，结构-活性关系研究对于评估和预测新药物和潜在未来药物的成瘾性和毒性具有重要价值。合成卡西酮的神经药理学性质仍未完全了解。要充分阐明包括有机阳离子转运体在内的一些关键蛋白质的作用，需要进行详细的研究。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental provides a forum for the evaluation of clinical and experimental research on both new and established psychotropic medicines. Experimental studies of other centrally active drugs, including herbal products, in clinical, social and psychological contexts, as well as clinical/scientific papers on drugs of abuse and drug dependency will also be considered. While the primary purpose of the Journal is to publish the results of clinical research, the results of animal studies relevant to human psychopharmacology are welcome. The following topics are of special interest to the editors and readers of the Journal: -All aspects of clinical psychopharmacology- Efficacy and safety studies of novel and standard psychotropic drugs- Studies of the adverse effects of psychotropic drugs- Effects of psychotropic drugs on normal physiological processes- Geriatric and paediatric psychopharmacology- Ethical and psychosocial aspects of drug use and misuse- Psychopharmacological aspects of sleep and chronobiology- Neuroimaging and psychoactive drugs- Phytopharmacology and psychoactive substances- Drug treatment of neurological disorders- Mechanisms of action of psychotropic drugs- Ethnopsychopharmacology- Pharmacogenetic aspects of mental illness and drug response- Psychometrics: psychopharmacological methods and experimental design