Human Brain Mapping最新文献

{"title":"Lifespan Tree of Brain Anatomy: Diagnostic Values for Motor and Cognitive Neurodegenerative Diseases","authors":"Pierrick Coupé,&nbsp;Boris Mansencal,&nbsp;José V. Manjón,&nbsp;Patrice Péran,&nbsp;Wassilios G. Meissner,&nbsp;Thomas Tourdias,&nbsp;Vincent Planche","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70336","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by overlapping symptoms, may be challenging. Brain imaging coupled with artificial intelligence has been previously proposed for diagnostic support, but most of these methods have been trained to discriminate only isolated diseases from controls. Here, we develop a novel machine learning framework, named <i>lifespan tree</i> of brain anatomy, dedicated to the differential diagnosis between multiple diseases simultaneously. It integrates the modeling of volume changes for 124 brain structures during the lifespan with nonlinear dimensionality reduction and synthetic sampling techniques to create easily interpretable representations of brain anatomy over the course of disease progression. As clinically relevant proof-of-concept applications, we constructed a <i>cognitive lifespan tree</i> of brain anatomy for the differential diagnosis of six causes of neurodegenerative dementia and a <i>motor lifespan tree</i> of brain anatomy for the differential diagnosis of four causes of parkinsonism using 37,594 MRIs as a training dataset. This original approach significantly enhanced the efficiency of differential diagnosis in the external validation cohort of 1754 cases, outperforming existing state-of-the-art machine learning techniques. <i>Lifespan tree</i> holds promise as a valuable tool for differential diagnosis in relevant clinical conditions, especially for diseases still lacking effective biological markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden Rhythms of a Developing Brain: Multimetric rs-fMRI Insights Into Typical Youth Maturation","authors":"Merida Galilea Tapia-Medina,&nbsp;Raquel Cosío-Guirado,&nbsp;Maribel Peró-Cebollero,&nbsp;Cristina Cañete-Massé,&nbsp;Erwin Rogelio Villuendas-González,&nbsp;Joan Guàrdia-Olmos","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70320","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding functional brain development during childhood and adolescence is essential for identifying typical neurodevelopmental trajectories. While resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) has become a key tool in developmental neuroscience, few studies have jointly examined multiple functional metrics to comprehensively characterize typical brain maturation across youth. We analyzed rs-fMRI data from 395 neurotypical participants aged 6–20 years from the ABIDE I and II datasets. Voxel-wise analyses were conducted using three complementary rs-fMRI metrics: fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC). Data were harmonized across sites using ComBat and CovBat methods implemented in DPABI to minimize scanner-related variability. Correlation analyses and ANOVA/ANCOVAs were performed to examine developmental age effects. Our results revealed a general pattern of declining local and interhemispheric connectivity with increasing age, across all measures. fALFF decreases were most pronounced in the medial orbitofrontal, caudate, medial occipital cortex, and cerebellum (peak <i>r</i> = −0.210); ReHo showed reductions in the insula and caudate (peak <i>r</i> = −0.169); and VMHC declines were observed in the putamen, cerebellum, superior parietal lobules, and caudate (peak <i>r</i> range = −0.206 to −0.187). These findings outline a developmental trajectory characterized by increasing functional integration and network specialization from late childhood through adolescence. The combined use of fALFF, ReHo, and VMHC provides a robust multitechnical framework for characterizing typical brain development and offers a valuable benchmark for identifying developmental deviations in clinical populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144915196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glymphatic, Structural, and Cognitive Changes During Breast Cancer Chemotherapy: A Longitudinal MRI Study","authors":"Xiaoyu Zhou,&nbsp;Yixin Hu,&nbsp;Jing Yang,&nbsp;Yao Huang,&nbsp;Hua Lan,&nbsp;Jiahui Zheng,&nbsp;Lin Tang,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Jun Chen,&nbsp;Ting Yin,&nbsp;Daihong Liu,&nbsp;Jiuquan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70334","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The glymphatic system maintains brain homeostasis through cerebrospinal fluid transport and waste clearance. Its potential involvement in chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment remains largely unexplored due to limited in vivo evidence. In this prospective longitudinal study, 126 female breast cancer patients underwent multiparametric brain MRI and neuropsychological assessments at three time points: baseline (<span>bc</span>1), after the first cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (<span>bc</span>2), and upon completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (<span>bc</span>3). Glymphatic function was assessed using four MRI-derived metrics: choroid plexus (CP) volume, perivascular space (PVS) volume fraction, free water (FW), and Diffusion Tensor Imaging–Along the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) index. Brain tissue segmentation was conducted to quantify the volume fractions of gray matter (GM) in cortex and subcortex, white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) relative to intracranial volume. Neuropsychological assessments included the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog), and a battery of objective cognitive tests. Longitudinal changes and interrelationships were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models, correlation analyses, and cross-lagged panel analysis. During chemotherapy, CP volume increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), while PVS volume fraction decreased (<i>p</i> = 0.003); no significant changes were found in FW or DTI-ALPS. GM volumes in both cortex and subcortex declined (both <i>p</i> = 0.02). SAS scores increased (<i>p</i> = 0.02), and FACT-Cog scores decreased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with no significant changes in objective test scores. From <span>bc</span>2 to <span>bc</span>3, increases in CP volume were negatively correlated with reductions in PVS volume fraction (<i>r</i> = −0.40, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). From <span>bc</span>1 to <span>bc</span>3, reductions in PVS volume fraction were associated with decreases in both cortical GM volumes (<i>r</i> = 0.32, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). At <span>bc</span>2, cortical GM atrophy was correlated with increased SAS scores (<i>r</i> = −0.30, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Cross-lagged panel analysis showed that CP enlargement at <span>bc</span>2 preceded PVS volume fraction reduction at <span>bc</span>3 (<i>β</i> = −1.66, <i>p</i> = 0.007). During neoadjuvant chemotherapy, breast cancer patients exhibited a unique pattern of glymphatic system alterations, suggesting its potential as an imaging marker of treatment-related brain changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Data Sharing and Privacy Issues in Neuroimaging Research: Opportunities, Obstacles, Challenges, and Monsters Under the Bed”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70335","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>White, T.</span>, <span>E. Blok</span>, and <span>V. D. Calhoun</span>. <span>2022</span>. “ <span>Data Sharing and Privacy Issues in Neuroimaging Research: Opportunities, Obstacles, Challenges, and Monsters Under the Bed</span>.” <i>Human Brain Mapping</i> <span>43</span>, no. <span>1</span>: <span>278</span>–<span>291</span>. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25120.\u0000 </p><p>The word ‘contentiously’ in the last sentence of the article should have been ‘conscientiously’' The last sentence of the article should thus read:</p><p>“Then, within the context of conscientiously obtaining consent and the use of proper data use and DTAs, if legal cases are brought against a researcher or an institution, then it is open science that will be brought to trial, which is a battle worth fighting for.”</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanics of the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Sulcal Pits in the Folding Brain","authors":"Akbar Solhtalab,&nbsp;Yanchen Guo,&nbsp;Ali Gholipour,&nbsp;Weiying Dai,&nbsp;Mir Jalil Razavi","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70332","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the development of complex brain surface morphologies during the fetal stage is essential for uncovering mechanisms underlying brain disorders linked to abnormal cortical folding. However, knowledge of the spatiotemporal evolution of fetal brain landmarks remains limited due to the lack of longitudinal data capturing multiple timepoints for individual brains. In this study, we develop and validate an image-based true-scale mechanical model to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of brain sulcal pits in individual fetal brains. Altered sulcal pits patterns have been observed in disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), polymicrogyria, Down syndrome, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Our model, constructed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from the first timepoint of longitudinal data, predicts the brain's surface morphology by comparing the distribution of sulcal pits between the predicted models and MRI scans from a later timepoint. This dynamic model simulates how a smooth fetal brain with primary folds evolves into a convoluted morphology. Our results align with imaging data, showing that sulcal pits are stable during brain development and can serve as key markers linking prenatal and postnatal brain characteristics. The model provides a platform for future hypothesis testing and for studying the effects of mechanical parameters on the evolution of sulcal pits in both healthy and disordered brains. This research represents a significant advancement in understanding fetal brain development and its connection to disorders that manifest as abnormal sulcal pit patterns later in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual and Auditory Object Representations in Ventral Visual Cortex After Restoring Sight in Humans","authors":"Katarzyna Rączy,&nbsp;Madita Linke,&nbsp;Job van den Hurk,&nbsp;Carolin Heitmann,&nbsp;Maria J. S. Guerreiro,&nbsp;Minye Zhan,&nbsp;Ramesh Kekunnaya,&nbsp;Rainer Goebel,&nbsp;Brigitte Röder","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70316","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Visual category-selective representations in human ventral occipital temporal cortex (VOTC) seem to emerge early in infancy. Surprisingly, the VOTC of congenitally blind humans features category-selectivity for auditory and haptic objects. Yet it has been unknown whether VOTC would show category-selective visual responses if sight were restored in congenitally blind humans. Assuming competition for synaptic space during development, cross-modal activation of VOTC as a consequence of congenital blindness might interfere with visual processing in sight-recovery individuals. To test this hypothesis, we investigated adults who had experienced a transient phase of congenital blindness due to bilateral dense cataracts before their sight was restored by cataract-removal surgery. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, participants watched movies of faces, scenes, body parts, and other objects in the visual condition, while in the auditory condition they listened to the corresponding sounds. The most prominent group difference was a reduced face-selectivity in individuals with reversed congenital cataracts compared with age- and sex-matched normally sighted individuals. In addition, a double dissociation was found: only sight recovery individuals demonstrated significant decoding accuracy of visual categories based on auditory category representations in VOTC, while only normally sighted individuals' VOTC decoded auditory categories based on visual category representations. The present results uncovered the neural mechanisms of previously observed face processing impairments in individuals with reversed congenital blindness. We suggest that lower face-selectivity in the sight recovery group might arise from selective deficits in the cortical representation of the central visual field in lower-tier visual areas. Additionally, we speculate that in higher-order visual areas cross-modal activity might facilitate—rather than interfere—with visual functional recovery after congenital blindness.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Efficient Myelin-Weighted Imaging Utilizing Direct Visualization of Short Transverse Relaxation Time Component (ViSTa)","authors":"Se-Hong Oh,&nbsp;Gawon Lee,&nbsp;Jongho Lee","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Measuring myelin concentration in the brain has important implications in basic science and clinical practice. In MRI, myelin water imaging (MWI) has been suggested as a surrogate biomarker that provides high sensitivity and specificity for myelin. However, multi-exponential fitting is ill-conditioned, and it is sensitive to noise and artifacts, particularly in vivo. To overcome the ill-conditioned fitting problem, the two-dimensional ViSTa myelin-weighted imaging technique was proposed, and it provides a substantially improved myelin-weighted image. However, it is based on a two-dimensional single-slice acquisition scheme, and it is a limitation. In this study, a whole brain-covered 3D ViSTa sequence, based on a 3D segmented echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence with a pair of slice selective inversion RF pulses, was proposed. To investigate the 3D ViSTa myelin weighted image, the distribution of myelin content in the white matter of the brain was measured using both conventional MWI and ViSTa MWI. The proposed 3D ViSTa method achieves a whole brain-covered (FOV = 240 × 240 × 128 mm³) myelin water-weighted image in less than 8 min (1.5 × 1.5 × 4 mm³) and does not require heavy post-processing. Pseudo-quantification (apparent MWF) can be provided by normalizing the ViSTa image with a PD-weighted image. The voxel-wise correlation between the conventional MWI and the 3D ViSTa yielded a mean correlation coefficient of 0.74 ± 0.03 (mean ± standard deviation of the five subjects), demonstrating a high spatial similarity in myelin-weighted contrast between the two maps. The proposed 3D ViSTa with pseudo-quantification may be useful in clinical applications when absolute quantification is not necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in the Association of Cerebral Blood Flow and Glucose Metabolism in Normative Aging","authors":"Hamish A. Deery,&nbsp;Chris Moran,&nbsp;Emma X. Liang,&nbsp;Caroline Gurvich,&nbsp;Gary F. Egan,&nbsp;Sharna D. Jamadar","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70328","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The coupling between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and glucose metabolism (CMR_GLC) is critical for maintaining brain function. However, sex differences in this relationship remain poorly understood, despite the heightened risk of cognitive decline from metabolic and vascular alterations in older women. Here, we address this gap by examining CBF-CMR_GLC associations in 79 younger and older females and males using simultaneous MR/PET imaging and cognitive testing. Older adults exhibited weakened correlations between CBF and CMR_GLC across functional networks. Sex moderated this decline, with older females showing significant negative CBF-CMR_GLC associations, a pattern absent in older males and younger females. Individuals with stronger CBF-CMR_GLC coupling performed better cognitively. Functional network parcellations (versus anatomical) better captured these sex- and age-specific effects. Our results support the idea that brain function depends not only on absolute metabolic substrate availability but on their coordinated use across functional networks. We conclude that the reduced cognitive performance of older adults is attributable to a loss of synchronized vascular and metabolic dynamics in functional networks. Other factors moderate this association, including sex and cardiometabolic health. Across older females, there are strong, negative network CBF-CMR_GLC correlations, possibly reflecting a compensatory response in the face of attenuated rates of blood flow and glucose metabolism. The coupling of CBF and CMR_GLC may serve as a biomarker for brain health and neurological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voxel-Wise or Region-Wise Nuisance Regression for Functional Connectivity Analyses: Does It Matter?","authors":"Tobias Muganga,&nbsp;Leonard Sasse,&nbsp;Daouia I. Larabi,&nbsp;Nicolás Nieto,&nbsp;Julian Caspers,&nbsp;Simon B. Eickhoff,&nbsp;Kaustubh R. Patil","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70323","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Removal of nuisance signals (such as motion) from the BOLD time series is an important aspect of preprocessing to obtain meaningful resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC). The nuisance signals are commonly removed using denoising procedures at the finest resolution, that is the voxel time series. Typically, the voxel-wise time series are then aggregated into predefined regions or parcels to obtain an rs-FC matrix as the correlation between pairs of regional time series. Computational efficiency can be improved by denoising the aggregated regional time series instead of the voxel time series. However, a comprehensive comparison of the effects of denoising on these two resolutions is missing. In this study, we systematically investigate the effects of denoising at different time series resolutions (<i>voxel-level </i>and <i>region-level</i>) in 370 unrelated subjects from the HCP-YA dataset. Alongside the time series resolution, we considered additional factors such as aggregation method (<i>Mean</i> and <i>first eigenvariate</i> [<i>EV</i>]) and parcellation granularity (100, 400, and 1000 regions). To assess the effect of those choices on the utility of the resulting whole-brain rs-FC, we evaluated the individual specificity (fingerprinting) and the capacity to predict age and three cognitive scores. Our findings show generally equal or better performance for <i>region-level</i> denoising with notable differences depending on the aggregation method. Using <i>Mean</i> aggregation yielded equal individual specificity and prediction performance for <i>voxel-level</i> and <i>region-level</i> denoising. When <i>EV</i> was employed for aggregation, the individual specificity of <i>voxel-level</i> denoising was reduced compared to <i>region-level</i> denoising. Increasing parcellation granularity generally improved individual specificity. For the prediction of age and cognitive test scores, only fluid intelligence indicated worse performance for voxel-level denoising in the case of aggregating with the <i>EV</i>. Based on these results, we recommend the adoption of <i>region-level</i> denoising for brain-behavior investigations when using <i>Mean</i> aggregation. This approach offers equal individual specificity and prediction capacity with reduced computational resources for the analysis of rs-FC patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex Rule Transfer Recruits Rostral Prefrontal and Ventromedial Prefrontal Neural Networks","authors":"Carol A. Seger,&nbsp;Weiye Xie,&nbsp;Peijuan Li,&nbsp;Linzhu Han,&nbsp;Zhiya Liu","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70327","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How are rules used to transfer knowledge to new stimuli? We used a complex rule learning and transfer task to identify neural systems underlying rule learning, application, and transfer to novel stimuli. We used functional MRI Constrained Principal Components Analysis (fMRI-CPCA) to identify neural systems active during each phase. Two networks were associated with rule transfer. First, a rostral prefrontal network that was recruited during rule transfer with higher activity for more complex rules. This network is consistent with previous research finding that the rostral prefrontal cortex is necessary for abstract and hierarchical rule learning, relational integration, and analogical mapping in human reasoning. Second, a ventromedial prefrontal–hippocampal network that began to be recruited during rule application and increased in activity across the rule transfer phase with greater activity for more difficult rules. This pattern indicates a role in applying rules regardless of stimulus familiarity, as well as sensitivity to the difficulty of the transfer. These results are consistent with previous research establishing the role of the VMPFC–hippocampal network in forming and applying memory schemas via processes of schema reinstatement. Frontoparietal systems associated with the dorsal attention and salience networks were recruited primarily during rule learning and decreased in activity in the later stages of the task. Overall, the results indicate that rule learning and rule transfer differ qualitatively and that additional memory and executive function networks are utilized during transfer to support the cognitive demands necessary to generalize knowledge to new stimuli and integrate sources of information to make a decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}