Miguel Moreno-Gómez, Alireza Kavousi, Carolina Martínez-Salvador, Thomas Reimann
{"title":"Evaluation of inferred conduit configurations in the Yucatan karst system (Mexico) from gravity and aeromagnetic anomalies, using MODFLOW-CFPv2","authors":"Miguel Moreno-Gómez, Alireza Kavousi, Carolina Martínez-Salvador, Thomas Reimann","doi":"10.1007/s10040-024-02795-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-024-02795-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Karst aquifers are complex systems characterized by high heterogeneity and anisotropy. Karst hydrological duality is evident in processes such as recharge, storage, and flow. The MODFLOW Conduit Flow Process (CFP) simulates this flow duality. In this study, CFP version 2 (CFPv2) was applied to the Yucatan karst in Mexico, known for its well-developed karst features, including subsurface conduits. Given the sparse data regarding the three-dimensional location and connectivity of conduits and underwater coastal springs, the theoretical conduit pathways were inferred from geology or geophysics. CFPv2 was utilized to evaluate these theoretical conduit network arrangements based on indirect data from gravimetry, geophysics, and geological information from the second-largest impact crater on Earth. The Merida Metropolitan Area (a densely populated region in the Mexican state of Yucatan) was selected as the study area. Piezometric data from 43 monitoring wells (collected during the monitoring period 1996–2001) formed the basis for model inversion. Recharge volumes were derived from precipitation data collected from 14 climatic stations. Results were compared with a previous groundwater flow model applied in the same area utilizing the CFP Mode 2, a turbulent flow-enabled single continuum model. Results of this study support the hypothesis of multirings of preferential flow influencing groundwater dynamics, providing important insights regarding the sub-surface in this karst region.</p>","PeriodicalId":13013,"journal":{"name":"Hydrogeology Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141171906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review: Application of hydrogeological models coupled with agent-based models to address sustainable groundwater management in Latin America","authors":"Verónica Rojas Scheffer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-024-02797-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-024-02797-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agent-based models (ABMs) have long been applied in economics and social science research. The combination or coupling of these models with those of natural systems is a more recent application, and their use in conjunction with groundwater flow and transport models can be considered an innovative way to take advantage of their potential. In the Latin American region, sustainable management of groundwater resources can still be considered understudied. Among other characteristics, the existence of large transboundary aquifers in the region adds a further complication for addressing the sustainability of groundwater resource use. In this type of system, the impacts of joint regulations for utilization by different countries, the diversity of socioeconomic drivers and the conservation interests of each group of users might be consistently represented and explored through flow models coupled with ABMs. This review of the scientific literature aims to compile up-to-date information regarding the application of hydrogeological models coupled with agent-based models, focusing on their contributions to the sustainable management of groundwater resources and analyzing their potential for the Latin American region.</p>","PeriodicalId":13013,"journal":{"name":"Hydrogeology Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141151206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-term effects of subsurface structures on groundwater level in a typical urban area of Shanghai, China","authors":"X. W. Wang, Y. S. Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10040-024-02796-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-024-02796-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of subsurface structures in blocking groundwater seepage has a long-term influence on groundwater level (GWL). A finite difference method (FDM) model considering the actual distribution of subsurface structures in an urban area of Shanghai (China) was established to predict GWL in the phreatic aquifer (Aq0) and the first confined aquifer (AqI). The equivalent hydraulic conductivity (<i>K</i><sub>eq</sub>) of model elements containing subsurface structures, calculated by the effective medium theory, was applied to the model. The predicted GWL fitted the monitored value in Aq0 well. Additional subsurface structures were added to the model to analyze the influence of the distribution type and the proportion (%) of the volume of subsurface structures that occupy the aquifer (<i>V</i><sub>u</sub>). Four scenarios with different distribution types (concentrated, subconcentrated, subscattered, and scattered) and ten scenarios with <i>V</i><sub>u</sub> varying from 5 to 50%, were analyzed. In all scenarios, the regional average GWL in AqI increased compared to the actual conditions because of the decrease in <i>K</i><sub>eq</sub> and the blockage effect on groundwater flow. The influence of scattered distribution on the regional GWL distribution was the smallest, and the subscattered distribution resulted in the most nonuniform GWL redistribution. The blockage effect of the subsurface structures gradually increased with increasing <i>V</i><sub>u</sub>. The increasing rate of Δ<i>L</i><sub>av</sub> (difference in regional average GWL between the predicted and actual scenarios) becomes considerable when<i> V</i><sub>u</sub> is ~29%. Hence, the projected increase in volume of subsurface structures in AqI under the assumed subscattered distribution is suggested to be <29%.</p>","PeriodicalId":13013,"journal":{"name":"Hydrogeology Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141151073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Public groundwater supplies: minimising operational costs and carbon footprints","authors":"Stephen Foster, Bartolome Andreo","doi":"10.1007/s10040-024-02787-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-024-02787-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The key factors determining the operational cost and carbon footprint of public water supplies derived from groundwater are identified. Both remain low compared to alternative sources while groundwater levels remain stable and water quality potable, but can increase markedly if derived from overexploited and/or polluted aquifers. Thus, ‘potable source protection zones’ are strongly advocated, and examples from England (UK) and Spain are illustrated. The concept of minimising the carbon footprint of groundwater use for potable water supply is novel, and deserves greater attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":13013,"journal":{"name":"Hydrogeology Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeremiah A. Bernau, Brenda B. Bowen, Paul C. Inkenbrandt, Eric. R. Pardyjak, Evan L. Kipnis
{"title":"Diurnal to seasonal dynamics of saline pan evaporation and groundwater level fluctuations, Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah, USA","authors":"Jeremiah A. Bernau, Brenda B. Bowen, Paul C. Inkenbrandt, Eric. R. Pardyjak, Evan L. Kipnis","doi":"10.1007/s10040-024-02793-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-024-02793-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Saline pans are environments with ephemeral to persistent evaporite crusts, surface and groundwater brine, little to no vegetation, and low topographic gradients. These characteristics make them sensitive to diverse hydrological processes. This research provides guidance on assessing and interpreting fluctuations in saline pan groundwater levels. Observations from the center of the Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah, USA, focused on meteorological and groundwater level fluctuations and were used to quantify evaporation and identify natural environmental controls on saline pan groundwater level variation. Primary water fluxes consist of precipitation and evaporation. Eddy-covariance evaporation measurements, spanning over 1.5 years and capturing diverse surface conditions, were collected. An artificial neural network, trained on meteorological measurements and eddy-covariance-measured evaporation, estimated evaporation over a 6-year period. The saline pan has two states: (1) dry, when water availability rather than evaporative potential limits evaporation, and (2) wet, when evaporative potential limits evaporation. In dry conditions, characterized by evaporation rates of ~0.1 mm/day, groundwater levels with daily average depths ≥5 cm below the surface, demonstrated daily variations >6 cm during summer and seasonal fluctuations >50 cm in response to temperature changes. Groundwater levels did not respond to temperature changes when there was surface water. Groundwater levels rose to the surface under wet conditions. Over multiple years, the system is in balance, with evaporation equaling precipitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13013,"journal":{"name":"Hydrogeology Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Calculation of fracture-conduit karst groundwater pressures and flows using a pipe network method","authors":"Pengshuai Yang, Tianyu Li, Qiuyan Fan, Zhaofeng Li, Jiahui Liang","doi":"10.1007/s10040-024-02786-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-024-02786-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fracture conduits serve as the primary channels for groundwater runoff in karst areas, controlling the water level and distribution of flow in the groundwater system. To determine the parameters of fracture-conduit karst systems and to analyze the distribution characteristics of the pressure field and flow field, a pipe network calculation method is presented that discretizes the fracture medium and conduit medium into pipes and nodes. The connection rules for nodes and pipes are established, and different water conductivity coefficients are assigned to discrete pipes. Based on the principles of conservation of mass and energy, nonhomogeneous linear control equations are constructed to represent the discrete pipe network (PN). By solving the equations, groundwater parameters can be calculated for the PN. Meanwhile, a laboratory model test was conducted to validate the PN, and the numerical calculation results aligned well with the laboratory test results. In addition, a simple case is compared and verified, and the calculation results are compared with those obtained using the multiphysics software, COMSOL. The results indicate that the PN method can achieve more accurate calculation results with fewer elements. The method calculates the distribution characteristics of the flow field within the water-conducting medium and elucidates the influence of the properties of the medium on the distribution characteristics of the flow field. The research results provide guidance for the distribution of groundwater flow fields in karst areas and are expected to be applied to calculating groundwater pressures and flows in large-scale fracture-conduit systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":13013,"journal":{"name":"Hydrogeology Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140831506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sea-level rise impacts on groundwater: exploring some misconceptions with simple analytic solutions","authors":"Leanne K. Morgan","doi":"10.1007/s10040-024-02791-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-024-02791-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sea-level rise (SLR) causes groundwater salinisation and water-table rise. The impacts these processes can have on water security, agricultural production and infrastructure are becoming widely recognised. However, some misconceptions relating to SLR impacts on groundwater have been observed among students, which may interfere with further learning and the application of science principles to everyday life. These misconceptions include the following: (1) water-table rise will equal SLR; (2) inland movement of the interface causes the rise in the water table under SLR; (3) seawater intrusion (SI) caused by SLR is small compared to SI caused by pumping. These misconceptions are explored with the aid of simple analytic solutions and a Jupyter Notebook. It is shown that: (1) water-table rise is only equal to SLR above the interface under flux-controlled inland boundary conditions; (2) water-table rise under SLR is not caused by SI, but rather is caused by the change in levels at the coastal boundary; (3) SI caused by SLR is a considerable risk, especially under the head-controlled conditions, which will become more common when land is drained to counter the effects of groundwater shoaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":13013,"journal":{"name":"Hydrogeology Journal","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140634617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Saline paleo-water mass transfer induced by piston flow in the continental alluvial aquifer of the Oltrepò Pavese plain (Po Plain, northern Italy)","authors":"Giorgio Pilla, Patrizio Torrese","doi":"10.1007/s10040-024-02790-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-024-02790-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrochemical and geophysical methods were used to assess saline paleo-water mass transfer induced by piston flow in the alluvial aquifer of the Oltrepò Pavese plain (northern Italy). The surface aquifer shows salinity contamination from a Tertiary substrate of marine origin, due to mixing of the shallower fresh groundwater with the Po Plain’s deep brines. The study also used continuous monitoring of groundwater electrical conductivity, temperature and piezometric levels. Well logging and geophysical imaging, conducted at different times, revealed that the contamination varies over time, and that the water salinity and the depth of the transition zone (between the surface freshwaters and the deep saline waters) are subject to modifications. This is due to a pressure transfer—and, subsequently, mass transfer−from the groundwater circuits of the nearby Apennine mountains. It suggests that a hydraulic connection exists between the fractured Apennine water circuits and the deeper Mio-Pliocene and Tertiary saline-water circuits found below the plain’s alluvial aquifer. Coinciding with significant recharge episodes that affect Apennine water circuits (prolonged rainfall and snow melt at mid-high altitudes), there is a pressure transfer transmitted along the water circuits in which saline water resides, providing an impulse to rise along the discontinuities and reach the alluvial aquifer. The conceptual model is supported by evidence that wells constructed in correspondence to hydraulically active tectonic discontinuities are affected by the arrival of saline waters with variable delays, while wells sited in sectors not affected by tectonic discontinuities are diluted by ‘fresh’ waters connected to alluvial aquifer recharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":13013,"journal":{"name":"Hydrogeology Journal","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140623107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Present and paleo-hydrogeological reconstruction of a complex deep groundwater system in a tectonically active region (Golan Heights, Middle East)","authors":"Hadas Ben-nun Levanon, Avihu Burg, Ittai Gavrieli, Yoav O. Rosenberg, Ronen Gersman, Yuval Bartov, Yakov Livshitz, Avraham Starinsky, Itay J. Reznik","doi":"10.1007/s10040-024-02782-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-024-02782-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The geochemical and isotopic composition of deep groundwater in sedimentary aquitards reveals a complex paleo-hydrological system affected by intensive tectonic activity. Water samples collected from deep research boreholes in the Golan Heights (Middle East) exhibit a unique combination of high salinity (>2,000 mg/L Cl) with low Na/Cl (<0.7) and Mg/Ca (<0.3) equivalent ratios, calcium chloride water type [Ca > (HCO<sub>3</sub> + SO<sub>4</sub>)], relatively low δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>VSMOW</sub> and δ<sup>2</sup>H<sub>VSMOW</sub> values (–7 and –42‰, respectively), and enriched <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios compared to the host rocks. The salinity source is related to ancient lagoonary hypersaline brines (10–5 Ma) that existed along the Dead Sea Rift (DSR). These brines intruded into the rocks surrounding the DSR and, based on the current study, also extended away from the rift. Following their subsurface intrusion, the brines have been gradually diluted by <sup>18</sup>O- and <sup>2</sup>H-depleted freshwater recharged at high elevations, nowadays leaving only traces of the brines that originally intruded. It is also shown that variable hydraulic conductivities in different formations control the dilution rates and subsequently the preservation of the entrapped brines. A paleo-hydrological reconstruction is provided to demonstrate intrusion and backflow dynamics and also the relationship to freshwater dilution, which was triggered by a tectonically active basin of the nearby continental DSR. Brines that initially migrated from the rift have since been gradually flushed back to the rift through the current natural outlets. As the system discharges, it mixes and converges with a separate hydrogeological system, while still preserving some of the geochemical signals of the ancient brines.</p>","PeriodicalId":13013,"journal":{"name":"Hydrogeology Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140609316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shilin Wang, Liping Chen, Yanfeng Gong, Suning Ma, Yong Yang
{"title":"The effect of bioclogging on the hydraulic conductivity of saturated porous media at different recharge water temperatures","authors":"Shilin Wang, Liping Chen, Yanfeng Gong, Suning Ma, Yong Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10040-024-02785-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-024-02785-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bioclogging in porous media is common and affects many engineering projects. The temperature of recharge water could significantly affect the process of bioclogging, thus impacting the hydraulic conductivity of porous media. In this study, a series of laboratory percolation experiments was conducted to understand the effects of recharge water temperature. The results of these experiments showed that bioclogging evolved in phases, and the gradual reduction (attenuation) of hydraulic conductivity caused by bioclogging could be described by an inverse logistic model. Analysis of microbial growth suggested that the bioclogging phases were strongly correlated with microbial growth stages. Both the clogging rate and degree of clogging through the seepage column decreased with distance from the inlet. Within the range of 10–25 ℃, the degree of clogging decreased with the increasing recharge water temperature; however, the degree of clogging increased with recharge water temperature within the range of 25–35 ℃. The relative hydraulic conductivity values decreased by 86.9% at a recharge water temperature of 10 ℃, 76.0% at 15 ℃, 65.1% at 20 ℃, 44.9% at 25 ℃, 82.5% at 30 ℃ and 98.7% at 35 ℃. Investigation by scanning electron microscopy found that the microorganism micromorphology differed at different recharge water temperatures, which made a significant difference in terms of clogging degree. A comprehensive model that describes hydraulic conductivity attenuation with varying recharge water temperature has been developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13013,"journal":{"name":"Hydrogeology Journal","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}