Hygiene and sanitation最新文献

{"title":"Adaptogenic correction of free radical processes in liver tissue under the exposure to coal-rock dust on the body (experimental study)","authors":"M. S. Bugaeva, O. Bondarev, L. G. Gorokhova, A. G. Zhukova, N. Mikhailova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-375-381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-375-381","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Damage to the liver under the conditions of long-term exposure to coal-rock dust on the body leads to significant impairment of its metabolic, detoxification, synthetic, and other functions. In this regard, it is relevant to search for early methods of prevention and correction of developing pathological changes in this organ. \u0000The purpose of the study is to experimentally study the effect of a complex drug with dihydroquercetin on the activity of free radical processes in the liver of laboratory rats over the dynamics of long-term exposure to coal-rock dust. \u0000Materials and methods. The work was carried out on male white rats weighing 200–250 g. The control group was kept under the standard vivarium conditions. The experimental group included rats that inhaled coal-rock dust in a priming chamber daily for 4 hours for 1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks and rats that received a daily complex drug with dihydroquercetin immediately before dust exposure. In the liver tissue, the activity of free radical oxidation and antioxidant defense enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) was determined. \u0000Results. Priming rats with coal-rock dust for three weeks led to the gain in the intensity of free radical processes in the liver tissue: the initial level of accumulation of TBA-active oxidation products reliably raised by almost 2 times over the 1st week and 3 times over the 3rd week of the experiment compared to the control. An increase in the intensity of free radical oxidation was accompanied by activation of antioxidant defense enzymes - catalase - by 2.4 times at the 1st week and 1.6 times at the 3rd week of dust exposure. Raising the period of priming with dust up to 9 weeks led to multidirectional changes in oxidative metabolism in the liver tissue: at week 6, a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase was almost 3 times; at week 9, to a slight activation of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase by 55% and catalase by 36%.The most effective use of a complex drug with dihydroquercetin had been shown in short-term mode for three weeks, but not long-term (more than 6 weeks). The maximum antioxidant defense effect of dihydroquercetin was detected at the 3rd week of dust exposure – the level of free radical products decreased by 2 times and the activity of superoxide dismutase increased by 4 times. \u0000Limitations. Since the issue of organ-specific effects and the optimal duration of use of dihydroquercetin to increase resistance to free radical damage has been little elaborated, this imposes certain restrictions on its use for the correction and prevention of occupational diseases. \u0000Conclusion. The results obtained should be taken into account with long-term use of exogenous antioxidants in the correction and prevention of occupational diseases to support the level of endogenous antioxidant systems in the cell and the protective effect of dihydroquercetin for tissues most sensitive to the action of free radical processes.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of malignant neoplasms in the population of an industrialized region","authors":"Anna Yu. Gerus, O. Korotenko, Olga I. Baran, N. Mikhailova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-303-309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-303-309","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Malignant neoplasms are the leading cause of the death over the world, ranking second after diseases of the circulatory system. \u0000The purpose of the investigation — to study the primary detectability, prevalence, and mortality from malignant neoplasms in the population of the industrialized developed region, propose ways of their early detection to prolong labour longevity. \u0000Materials and methods. Using the analysis of retrospective statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service and the Novokuznetsk Branch of the Kuzbass Clinical Oncological Dispensary named after M.S. Rappoport, from 2013 to 2022 the information on the incidence of oncological diseases in whole and in specific locaion was collected. \u0000Results. In recent years, the incidence of malignant neoplasms in Russia, the Siberian Federal District, and the Kemerovo Region, among others, has been at a high level and continues to grow. Among men, lung cancer, colorectal cancer and prostate cancer take first place, and the latter has been competing for 2nd place in the structure of oncological pathology since 2020. At the same time, the gain in oncological diseases prevalence falls in the employable age (45 years and older). \u0000In addition to the commonly accepted facts about the risk of developing oncological pathology, there are more than 100 factors of the production environment classified as carcinogenic ones. In this regard, Kuzbass, as one of the most important economic regions of Russia, in which the leading role belongs to the industrial complex for mining and processing of coal, iron ores, and various non-metallic raw materials for metallurgy and the construction industry, refers to the regions unfavourable for the development of malignant neoplasms. \u0000Limitations. The limitations of the study relate to the impossibility at present to estimate the number of patients with malignant neoplasms employed in harmful labor conditions. \u0000Conclusion. As a result of analyzing own data and numerous studies, we propose screening for the most common oncological diseases (lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer) at periodic medical examinations, which will allow identifying these diseases at early stages for timely successful treatment, thereby prolonging labour longevity.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of the variable site rs2010963 of the VEGF-A gene with multifocal atherosclerosis in aluminum industry workers with chronic occupational intoxication with fluoride compounds","authors":"T. K. Yadykina, O. Korotenko, A. S. Kazitskaya, Elena A. Semenova, A. G. Zhukova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-333-341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-333-341","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The aluminum industry occupies a leading position among non-ferrous metallurgy industries in revealing somatic pathologies in workers that occur against the background of chronic fluoride intoxication. Long-term exposure to fluorides on the body has a cardiovasotoxic effect, leads to structural and functional disorders of the myocardium and the development of comorbid cardiovascular pathology. This dictates the need for a risk-oriented approach to its diagnosis, including one based on molecular genetic analysis, for the timely identification of risk groups for the development of atherosclerosis and the elaboration of preventive measures aimed at preserving the health and maintaining working longevity of the studied occupational cohort. \u0000Materials and methods. There were examined ninety seven metallurgists with a previously proven diagnosis of chronic occupational intoxication with fluoride compounds, engaged in aluminum production. The comparison group consisted of 33 workers of this enterprise without a proven occupational disease. \u0000All respondents underwent ultrasound investigation of the main arteries. Genotyping of the rs2010963 polymorphic locus of the VEGF-A gene was carried out in a 96-well format using TaqMan technology (allele-specific real-time PCR). \u0000Results. The associative connection of the G/G VEGF-A genotype is determined in metallurgists with the risk of developing chronic occupational intoxication with fluoride compounds and heterozygous G/C genotype in subjects with multifocal atherosclerosis. The high level of predictive value of the polymorphism -634 G/C (rs2010963) of the VEGF-A gene allows considering it a marker of the risk for the developing atherosclerosis in workers exposed to long-term impact to fluoride compounds on the body. \u0000Limitations. The study was limited to the number of long-term work experienced subjects undergoing periodic medical examinations and undergoing inpatient treatment at the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. \u0000Conclusion. It is recommended to conduct a screening molecular and genetic analysis in a clinical hospital setting for timely assessment of the prognostic significance of risk markers for the development of atherosclerosis and its complications in workers of basic occupations engaged in aluminum production.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remodelling and functional features of the left ventricle in miners","authors":"O. Korotenko, Egor S. Filimonov, Nikolay I. Panev","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-318-322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-318-322","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Diseases of the circulatory system are the main cause of mortality in the employable population. Preserving occupational longevity involves the identification of early signs of myocardial damage by modern techniques, which will allow taking a fresh look at the prevention of cardiovascular pathology in people engaged in harmful working conditions. \u0000Materials and methods. The study included two hundred thirty six miners of average age of 47.1±0.36 years who underwent periodic medical examination at the Institute clinic. The work experience in hazardous occupation conditions was 22.7±0.6 years. The study was based on transthoracic echocardiography using tissue Dopplerography and speckle tracking technology. \u0000Results. Concentric remodelling of the left ventricle was detected in 25.9% of the miners. Arterial hypertension was revealed in 65.6% of the miners with concentric remodelling of the left ventricle versus 34.3% of the miners with its normal geometry (p=0.00002). There were no significant differences in the left ventricular contractile function indices in the groups. In both groups, diastolic dysfunction type 1 was predominantly detected, which was significantly more common in the miners with concentric remodelling of the left ventricle (62.3% and 42.0%, p=0.006). Pseudonormal type of diastolic dysfunction occurred in 8.2% of the group with concentric remodelling versus 5.14% with normal left ventricular geometry, p= 0.38. \u0000Limitations. The study was limited by the number of the examined persons undergoing periodic medical examination at the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. \u0000Conclusion. Remodelling of the left ventricular myocardium in miners did not correlate with a decrease in the longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle, which indicates the possible influence of harmful occupational factors on the development of its systolic dysfunction. Diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle had a clear relationship with remodelling of the left ventricular myocardium. In this regard, it is recommended to conduct echocardiography during an in-depth periodic medical examination of miners with long-term work experience to identify a risk group for developing cardiovascular accidents.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the process of tetracycline absorption by soil and its transformation during acid desorption","authors":"Natalia S. Antropova, Evgeniy G. Abramov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-310-317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-310-317","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Currently, control over the soil entry of antibiotics used in agriculture is becoming an urgent problem of environmental hygiene. Tetracycline can enter the soil with the excrement of domestic animals and affect biological objects, both microbiological and plant. The chemical form of tetracycline in the soil and the options for its transformation, in particular during sample preparation for analysis, are factors that determine the intensity of this effect and the reliability \u0000of analytical control. The lack of information about the transformation of the drug under chemical influence determined the relevance of the research. \u0000Materials and methods. The studies were performed using the Stayer chromatographic system with a Shodex IC YS-50 150/4.6 cation column and a Kromasil C18 HPLC column with amperometric and conductometric detection. The objects of research were model soil samples with different tetracycline contents. When conducting research, soddy-podzolic soil from the «Nemchinovka» experimental field (Moscow region) and GSO No. chernozem were used. \u0000Results. Solutions obtained after acid-methanol desorption of tetracycline from soil samples were studied using HPLC and IC (Ionochromatographic methods). \u0000As a result of desorption, complex forms of substances, including both natural organic substances of the soil and tetracycline components, were established to pass into the aqueous phase. These forms of substances are fixed with a Shodex IC YS-50 cation exchange column and are not fixed by HPLC with a Kromasil C18 column. The possibility of isolating a chromatographic signal corresponding to the tetracycline component using ion chromatography has been demonstrated. \u0000Limitations. To create a method for measuring tetracycline in soil, it is necessary to test a larger number of soil species that differ in the content of organic matter \u0000to identify in detail the interfering effect of the organic matrix during chromatographic analysis. \u0000Conclusion. Research has shown tetracycline chemically to bind to soil matter, forming cationic complexes. After treating the soil with a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and methanol, tetracycline is quantitatively extracted from the soil in combination with natural soil organic matter. These forms of substances are detected by a Shodex IC YS-50 cationic column and are not detected by HPLC with a Kromasil C18 column. Selective analysis of the cationic form containing the tetracycline moiety is possible.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in autonomic regulation in workers under conditions of long-term fluoride intoxication","authors":"I. Martynov, Nikolaу I. Panev, A. V. Yamshchikova, A. Fleishman","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-323-327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-323-327","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Long-term intake and accumulation of fluoride compounds in the body, in addition to pathological changes in the bronchopulmonary system, bone tissue, liver, leads to changes in the regulatory systems, primarily the autonomic ones, in the conditions of chronic fluoride intoxication. \u0000The aim of the study was to assess the nature and severity of the changes in autonomic regulation in workers of the main occupations in aluminum production under exposure to chronic fluoride intoxication. \u0000Material and methods. We examined fifty two male workers of aluminum production over the age range from 40 to 56 years; work experience was more than 15 years. Autonomic regulation was assessed using spectral analysis of the heart rate variability, highlighting oscillations in the ranges of very low frequency (0.004–0.08 Hz), low (0.09–0.16 Hz), and high frequencies (0.17–0.5 Hz). \u0000Results. Analysis of the heart rate variability made it possible to identify 4 groups of subjects: 16 individuals had a moderate decrease in variability and a predominance of low-frequency oscillations, 12 subjects examined cases had a pronounced decline in variability in all frequency ranges; a decrease in the capabilities of autonomic regulation was manifested during a test with hyperventilation by an increase in very low frequency oscillations frequency indicating the need for activation of suprasegmental autonomic centers. In 24 subjects, the stable predominance of low-frequency oscillations indicates an enhancement in sympathetic influence. In response to the hyperventilation test, most of them (18 subjects were included in the group 3) showed an increase in low and very low frequency oscillations as a sign of a violation of baroreceptor regulation. \u0000Limitations. The study was limited by the number of workers with long-term work experience in aluminum production who underwent an in-depth medical examination. \u0000Conclusion. Changes in autonomic regulation are observed in the majority of aluminum production workers with long-term work experience, which gives grounds to recommend a study of neurovegetative status using heart rate variability analysis during preventive examinations to identify individuals at high risk of developing comorbid diseases.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of physiological and toxic effects of lithium salts on the body (literature review)","authors":"L. G. Gorokhova, A. G. Zhukova, N. Mikhailova, T. G. Korsakova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-382-390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-382-390","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the influence of various chemical elements on the human body is an important direction because it allows determining the patterns of the distribution and migration of these elements in tissues, as well as their role in the development of specific diseases. Among inorganic chemical compounds, a special place is occupied by lithium salts, which are widely used in industry, agriculture, and medicine. The search and selection of literature sources to identify the physiological effects and characteristics of the toxic effects of lithium salts on the human body and experimental animals was carried out using the bibliographic databases: Scopus, MedLine, Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, RSCI, Cyberleninka. Data analysis has showed lithium salts to be classified as moderately hazardous substances (hazard class 3) and in high concentrations have a damaging effect on the functions of the nervous system, kidneys, thyroid and parathyroid glands.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labilization of the DNA structure in peripheral blood lymphocytes of COVID-19 patients","authors":"A. Popova, Sergey V. Kuzmin, Natalia A. Ilyushina, Olga V. Gorenskaya, Olga V. Egorova, Alina P. Kotnova, Nataliya S. Averianova, Semen D. Ignatyev, Nataliya E. Kuznetsova, Nataliya V. Kobelevskaya","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-288-296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-288-296","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Available data indicate the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus to be potent of impairing DNA repair processes and cause oxidative stress, which can lead to the accumulation of DNA damage in human cells. However, the DNA-damaging effect of the virus has not yet been sufficiently studied. \u0000The purpose of the research was to study the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to cause DNA damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. \u0000Materials and methods. One hundred forty COVID-19 patients and 24 donors of the control group are included in the study. The level of DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes was determined by alkaline DNA-comet assay. Statistical differences between the mean medians of the «%DNA in the comet tail» (tail DNA%) were assessed using Student’s t-test. The Jeffers test was used to compare the proportions of cells with different levels of DNA-damage. Statistical differences between groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney test. \u0000Results. In the COVID-19 patients, an increase in the level of breaks and alkali-labile sites in DNA was revealed when compared to controls (p = 0.025). \u0000In the group of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the proportion of comets with DNA damage of up to 5% decreased (p = 0.009), while the proportion of comets containing more than 10% DNA tail increased (p = 0.000). The number of atypical comets compared to the control increased by 3.7 and 5.9 times with mild and moderate severity of the disease, respectively (r = 0.993; p = 0.001). In the association with diseases – coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes mellitus type II (DM type 2), the level of DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes statistically significantly increased compared to the group of patients without these diseases. \u0000Limitations. A limitation is the lack of data on DNA-structure damage in severe COVID-19 disease. \u0000Conclusion. SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to labilization of the DNA structure in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The level of DNA damage depends on the severity of COVID-19 and the presence of comorbid diseases: CHD and DM type 2. The results of the study are important for understanding the mechanisms of action of the virus on human immunocompetent cells.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hygienic problems of using modern information and communication technologies and means of providing them in the digital educational environment","authors":"Vladislav R. Kuchma, A. S. Sedova, Marina A. Polenova, Marina I. Stepanova, Mariya G. Boldyreva","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-349-357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-349-357","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The active use of modern digital technologies and means of their support in the educational process in Russian schools, in the absence of effective medical and preventive maintenance over changes in the general education system in the context of its digital transformation, contributes to the formation of health risks for students. \u0000The purpose of the study. hygienic assessment of the digital educational environment of Russian schools in the context of the use of modern digital technologies and means of supporting them. \u0000Materials and methods. The object of the study is the federal statistical observation forms of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation No. OO-1 and No. OO-2 for the 2022–2023 academic year. There was conducted a hygienic assessment of indicators characterizing the development of digital educational environment (DEE) in Russian schools, to identify the main risk factors for the health of students in the context of digitalization of school environment. \u0000Results. The DEE of Russian schools is characterized by the provision of personal computers (PCs), while the share of stationary PCs is 31.9%, laptops and tablets – 68.1%. 94.8% of schools are connected to the wired Internet, 48.4% and 29.9% of schools are connected to the wireless and mobile Internet, respectively. The average number of computer science classrooms is 0.9 classrooms per 1 school. In educational institutions, 61.5% of classrooms are equipped with multimedia projectors, 35.8% with interactive whiteboards and panels. There is an increase in the availability of information equipment for the entire school space (recreation, library, etc.). New digital platforms are actively developing (“IT cube”, children’s technoparks “Quantorium”, and centers “Point of Growth”), which in quantitative terms are comparable to the number of educational institutions and are outside of the zone of medical and preventive provision. \u0000Limitations. The study is limited to a sample of indicators characterizing the state of DEE at the stage of general education, which does not allow extrapolating the data obtained to secondary vocational and higher education. \u0000Conclusion. The data obtained actualize the need to modernize the architectural and planning solutions of school buildings and improve scientifically based medical and preventive support for the digital transformation of education.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental toxicological assessment of the degree of hazard of a mixture of chemical compounds migrating from materials intended for use in drinking water supply","authors":"A.V. Alekseeva, Yuriy A. Rakhmanin, Rufina I. Mikhailova, Natalia A. Egorova, Lyudmila V. Khripach, V. Yurchenko","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-365-374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-365-374","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Polymer materials currently used in drinking water supply practice consist of a polymer base and additional chemicals. During use, polymer materials release toxic chemicals, including additives and residual monomers. Even if all components of a mixture are present in quantities that do not individually cause the expected adverse effects, the population may be adversely affected by chronic exposure to low concentrations, which may act additively to produce greater cumulative toxicity. The article presents the results of a study of the biological effect of a mixture of chemical compounds migrating from materials intended for use in managing drinking water supply. \u0000Materials and methods. The work examined extracts from four materials offered by various companies and manufacturing countries intended for use in drinking water supply. Experimental work was carried out on non-linear white rats (males) with an initial body weight of 180–200 g. In the experiment, five groups of animals of 10 pieces each were formed. The experiment lasted for 6 months. \u0000Results. As a result of a sanitary-toxicological study, there were obtained data proving the possibility of a negative effect of a mixture of organic compounds washed out from the materials of pipes used in drinking water supply on the body of warm-blooded animals. Under experimental conditions with prolonged exposure to a mixture of organic compounds, including those unstudied in terms of hygienic conditions, general toxic and mutagenic activity of extracts from the studied samples of polymeric materials was revealed. Despite the fact that materials belonging to the same group of polymers – polyethylenes – were chosen for the experiment, the biological effect of the extracts turned out to be multidirectional. \u0000Limitations. The study was conducted on a small sample of materials currently used in the practice of domestic and drinking water supply, and a limited set of indicators studied in a chronic experiment. It is necessary to conduct extensive research on other groups of polymers. \u0000Conclusion. The toxic effect of a mixture of organic substances migrating from pipe materials on the body in a chronic experiment in animals was studied, \u0000and the possibility of developing long-term effects when consuming water based on extracts from polymeric materials was established.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}