对从拟用于饮用水供应的材料中迁移出的化合物混合物的危害程度进行实验毒理学评估

A.V. Alekseeva, Yuriy A. Rakhmanin, Rufina I. Mikhailova, Natalia A. Egorova, Lyudmila V. Khripach, V. Yurchenko
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摘要

简介。目前用于饮用水供应的聚合物材料由聚合物基体和其他化学品组成。在使用过程中,聚合物材料会释放出有毒化学品,包括添加剂和残留单体。即使混合物中所有成分的含量都不会单独造成预期的不良影响,但长期接触低浓度的化学品可能会对人群造成不良影响,这些化学品可能会产生叠加作用,产生更大的累积毒性。本文介绍了一项关于从用于管理饮用水供应的材料中迁移出来的化合物混合物的生物效应的研究结果。材料和方法这项工作研究了由不同公司和生产国提供的四种用于饮用水供应的材料的提取物。实验对象是初始体重为 180-200 克的非线性白鼠(雄性)。实验持续了 6 个月。实验结果通过卫生毒理学研究获得的数据证明,饮用水供应管道材料中冲洗出的有机化合物混合物可能对温血动物的身体产生负面影响。在长期接触有机化合物混合物(包括在卫生条件方面未研究过的有机化合物混合物)的实验条件下,从所研究的聚合材料样品中提取的提取物具有普遍的毒性和诱变活性。尽管实验选择的材料属于同一类聚合物(聚乙烯),但萃取物的生物效应却具有多向性。局限性。这项研究的对象是目前在家庭和饮用水供应实践中使用的一小部分材料,在长期实验中研究的指标也很有限。有必要对其他聚合物组进行广泛研究。结论通过在动物身上进行慢性实验,研究了从管道材料中迁移出来的有机物质混合物对人体的毒性影响,并确定了饮用基于聚合物材料提取物的水产生长期影响的可能性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Experimental toxicological assessment of the degree of hazard of a mixture of chemical compounds migrating from materials intended for use in drinking water supply
Introduction. Polymer materials currently used in drinking water supply practice consist of a polymer base and additional chemicals. During use, polymer materials release toxic chemicals, including additives and residual monomers. Even if all components of a mixture are present in quantities that do not individually cause the expected adverse effects, the population may be adversely affected by chronic exposure to low concentrations, which may act additively to produce greater cumulative toxicity. The article presents the results of a study of the biological effect of a mixture of chemical compounds migrating from materials intended for use in managing drinking water supply. Materials and methods. The work examined extracts from four materials offered by various companies and manufacturing countries intended for use in drinking water supply. Experimental work was carried out on non-linear white rats (males) with an initial body weight of 180–200 g. In the experiment, five groups of animals of 10 pieces each were formed. The experiment lasted for 6 months. Results. As a result of a sanitary-toxicological study, there were obtained data proving the possibility of a negative effect of a mixture of organic compounds washed out from the materials of pipes used in drinking water supply on the body of warm-blooded animals. Under experimental conditions with prolonged exposure to a mixture of organic compounds, including those unstudied in terms of hygienic conditions, general toxic and mutagenic activity of extracts from the studied samples of polymeric materials was revealed. Despite the fact that materials belonging to the same group of polymers – polyethylenes – were chosen for the experiment, the biological effect of the extracts turned out to be multidirectional. Limitations. The study was conducted on a small sample of materials currently used in the practice of domestic and drinking water supply, and a limited set of indicators studied in a chronic experiment. It is necessary to conduct extensive research on other groups of polymers. Conclusion. The toxic effect of a mixture of organic substances migrating from pipe materials on the body in a chronic experiment in animals was studied, and the possibility of developing long-term effects when consuming water based on extracts from polymeric materials was established.
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