Hormones and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"High human presence is correlated with lower faecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in an urban bird population","authors":"Kagiso B. Nhlapo ,&nbsp;Susan J. Cunningham ,&nbsp;Petra Sumasgutner ,&nbsp;Andre Ganswindt ,&nbsp;Andrew E. McKechnie ,&nbsp;Celiwe A. Ngcamphalala","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban wildlife must cope with diverse challenges and stressors, including human presence. However, in addition to being a disturbance, humans can provide energy-rich food and protection from predators. We evaluated the impact of human presence on red-winged starlings (<em>Onychognathus morio</em>) in a highly urbanised environment using faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) concentrations as a stress-related biomarker. We performed an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge to validate a non-invasive method for quantifying glucocorticoids in red-winged starlings. Using this method, we quantified fGCMs in excreta collected from free-living starlings during weekdays (high human presence) and weekends (low human presence) to determine the birds' responses to fluctuating human numbers. Following the ACTH challenge, starlings' circulating glucocorticoid (GC) concentrations increased by 127 % within 30 min and the corresponding fGCM concentrations increased within 1 h of injection. Of the four enzyme immunoassays (EIA) tested, an 11-oxoaetiocholanolone EIA, performed best, detecting a 310 % increase in fGCM concentrations post-ACTH challenge and suggested a 1-h lag between injection and peak fGCM excretion in this species. Human foot-traffic was significantly higher on weekdays compared to weekends, yet free-living red-winged starlings showed overall 30.4 % lower fGCM concentrations on weekdays compared to weekends. Red-winged starlings consume a higher proportion of anthropogenic food on weekdays than weekends and we cannot rule out the possibility that diet-related alteration in gut passage time affect fGCM concentrations. However, the correlation between fGCMs and human foot traffic may also suggest urban red-winged starlings benefit from human presence. Our results raise the possibility that, under certain conditions, the benefits associated with human presence outweigh potential negative effects associated with human activity, at least during the non-breeding season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social experience is associated with a differential role of aromatase neurons in sexual behavior and territorial aggression in male mice","authors":"Elliott Trives,&nbsp;Chantal Porte,&nbsp;Thiago Seike Nakahara,&nbsp;Matthieu Keller,&nbsp;Hélène Vacher,&nbsp;Pablo Chamero","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aromatase (Aro+) neurons located in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis (BNST) are crucial for the display of both sexual behavior and territorial aggression in naive male mice. The postero-dorsal part of the Medial Amygdala (MeApd) also contains Aro + neurons that are required for territorial aggression, but these neurons seem dispensable for the display of sexual behavior in naive animals. However, little is known about how Aro + neuron circuitry is influenced by social experience. Using a combination of chemogenetics, activity mapping and retrograde viral tracing, we show that social experience modulates Aro + neurons during sexual behavior and territorial aggression. Chemogenetic inhibition of BNST Aro + neurons in socially experienced male mice revealed that these neurons are required for territorial aggression, but not for sexual behavior. Behavior testing in experienced animals showed a specific increase in activation in the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and the Medial Amygdala (MeA) after sexual behavior but not territorial aggression, assessed by Egr1 expression. We also observed an increase of Egr1 cells in the medial Preoptic Area (mPOA), a brain region implicated in the display of sexual behavior. Combined retrograde viral tracing and Egr1 immunodetection showed that a subset of the activated cells in the MeA are Aro + neurons projecting to the mPOA. These results highlight that social experience induces a differential neural activity in the circuitry controlling sexual behavior and aggression, which include MeA Aro + neurons projecting to the mPOA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the congruency hypothesis using meta-analysis: Are changes in oral contraceptive use correlated with partnered women's sexual satisfaction?","authors":"Victor Shiramizu ,&nbsp;Julia Stern ,&nbsp;František Bartoš ,&nbsp;Yasaman Rafiee ,&nbsp;Thomas V. Pollet ,&nbsp;Benedict C. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on claims that changes in women's hormone levels influence their mating psychology, the Congruency Hypothesis proposes that women in relationships who change their hormonal contraceptive use after meeting their partner will report lower sexual satisfaction with their partner than women who do not change their oral contraceptive use. However, findings from studies testing this hypothesis have reported mixed results. Consequently, we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies on this topic. For the thirteen effects sizes from studies using between-subjects designs, the pooled correlation between congruency and sexual satisfaction was not statistically significant (<em>r</em> = 0.04, <em>p</em> = .091) and a Robust Bayesian meta-analysis found that the null hypothesis was moderately favoured over the Congruency Hypothesis (BF₁₀ = 0.123, i.e., BF₀₁ = 8.13, <em>r</em> = 0.003). For the four effect sizes from studies using within-subjects designs, the pooled correlation between congruency and sexual satisfaction was statistically significant (<em>r</em> = 0.18, <em>p</em> = .001) and a Robust Bayesian meta-analysis found weak evidence in favour of the Congruency Hypothesis (BF₁₀ = 1.55, <em>r</em> = 0.09). Although the effect of congruency on sexual satisfaction may be statistically significant in some analyses, across all analyses, results indicated that the magnitude of the congruency effect was small. Thus, we suggest that it is unlikely that changes in oral contraceptive use have a substantial (i.e., large) effect on women's sexual satisfaction on average. Still, some women might experience congruency effects and the overall evidence remains uncertain. More work, ideally in the form of randomized controlled trials, is needed to find a definite answer for research questions relying on the Congruency Hypothesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female rats exposed to early life scarcity-adversity are resilient to later life changes in maternal behavior","authors":"Christine H. Nguyen,&nbsp;Melissa G. Salazar,&nbsp;Millie Rincón-Cortés","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In both humans and rodents, maternal care is disturbed by exposure to environmental adversity, including low resource conditions (i.e., poverty, scarcity). Maternal adversity is associated with compromised quality of mother-infant attachment and increased adverse caregiving patterns such as abuse, maltreatment and/or neglect, which disrupt behavioral development in the female offspring. Importantly, maternal behavior is thought to be an intergenerational behavior, meaning that the quality of maternal care a female experiences during early life is thought to influence the quality of care she will display towards her own offspring when she becomes a mother. Here, we tested this idea by employing a rodent model of postpartum environmental adversity based on creating an impoverished nesting environment during postpartum days (PD) 2–9, which disrupts mother-infant interactions and is thought to upregulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis function in the pups. We examined the impact of this form of early life adversity on pup stress hormone (i.e., corticosterone- CORT) levels by collecting trunk blood and later life maternal behavior by conducting maternal behavior observations and maternal motivation tests (e.g., T-Maze, pup retrieval, pup-associated conditioned place preference) in the first filial (F1) generation. We report no impact of early life scarcity-adversity/adverse caregiving on pup CORT levels or later life naturalistic or motivated maternal behaviors. In sum, we show that female rat pups who experienced adverse caregiving during early life showed resilience towards developing negative caregiving patterns, as they did not perpetuate the same aberrant maternal behavior that they received from their mothers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of androgen receptor blockade on spatial memory in young and aged male rats in the Barnes maze","authors":"Graciela Jiménez-Rubio ,&nbsp;José Jaime Herrera-Pérez ,&nbsp;Lucía Martínez-Mota","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatial memory declines with age, and this decline is associated with decreased testosterone levels. However, the specific role of the androgen receptor in spatial memory performance in both young and aged rats remains largely unexplored. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic androgen receptor blockade on spatial memory performance in young and aged male rats. Young (3 months old) and aged (21 months old) Wistar rats were assigned to one of three experimental groups: control, vehicle-, or flutamide-treated (10 mg/kg SC for 14 days). Spatial memory was evaluated using the Barnes maze (Days 8–14 of flutamide administration). The phases of spatial memory acquisition (4 daily trials/4 days) and retention (1 trial/day, 3 days after acquisition) were evaluated. The results indicated that older animals took longer to find the goal, traveled greater distances, and moved more slowly than their younger counterparts in the Barnes maze, regardless of treatment. During the acquisition phase, flutamide administration delayed learning in both young and aged animals. Specifically, flutamide-treated animals exhibited delayed learning during the assessment of overnight forgetting (trial 1 on each day of the acquisition phase). During the retention phase, an age-related effect was observed in the flutamide-treated groups. These findings suggest that androgen receptor blockade induces cognitive deficits in both young and aged male rats, supporting the modulatory role of endogenous androgens in memory function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroestrogens, the hippocampus, and female cognitive aging","authors":"Jill C. Flannery ,&nbsp;Parker S. Tirrell ,&nbsp;Nina E. Baumgartner ,&nbsp;Jill M. Daniel","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research conducted over the last several decades implicates ovarian estrogens as important modulators of hippocampal function. More recently however, the importance of estrogens synthesized in the brain de novo for hippocampal function has been recognized. These brain-derived neuroestrogens act in the hippocampus to regulate dendritic spine dynamics and synaptic plasticity as well as hippocampus-dependent memory. The current report provides an overview of research conducted in model systems elucidating the actions of neuroestrogens in the hippocampus and the subsequent consequences for cognition. We highlight the relationship between ovarian estrogens and brain-derived estrogens and discuss implications for female cognitive aging of the putative decline in hippocampal levels of neuroestrogens following loss of ovarian function. Finally, we propose a model of menopause in which a short-term period of midlife estradiol treatment changes the trajectory of hippocampal neuroestrogen production long-term, resulting in sustained interactions of neuroestrogens, insulin-like growth factor-1, and estrogen receptor signaling in the hippocampus, interactions that support successful brain and cognitive aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women's affiliation across the menstrual cycle: Cycle phase variation and associations with progesterone and estradiol","authors":"Anastasia Makhanova ,&nbsp;Jon K. Maner ,&nbsp;Mikayla D.M. Joslin ,&nbsp;Kaylee E.N. Phimmasene ,&nbsp;Grazyna Jasienska ,&nbsp;Urszula M. Marcinkowska","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Throughout history, women have faced numerous threats during pregnancy, some of which can be mitigated by a strong social network. Consequently, women may demonstrate behavioral changes that bolster their social support network during pregnancy and in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. We examined whether women's explicit desire to affiliate varied across menstrual cycle phases and was associated with within-woman fluctuations in progesterone and estradiol. Supporting our hypotheses, women demonstrated increased desire to affiliate in the luteal phase of the cycle, and this increase was especially pronounced for affiliation with close others. Moreover, desire to affiliate indeed tended to be positively associated with within-woman fluctuations in progesterone, although the negative association between women's desire to affiliate and within-woman fluctuations in estradiol was more robust across analyses. This research links women's explicit desire for social connection to endocrinological processes across the menstrual cycle and, more broadly, to recurrent challenges faced by pregnant women throughout evolutionary history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postnatal glucocorticoid exposure causes long-lasting effects on competitive but not neophobic behaviors in a common songbird","authors":"Abigail A. Kimmitt ,&nbsp;Frédéric Angelier ,&nbsp;Jacquelyn K. Grace","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Postnatal stress can affect behavior and physiology in vertebrates, but long-term effects of early-life stress experience are not well understood, especially in wild species. Glucocorticoids, steroid hormones that mediate a suite of physiological and behavioral traits in response to a changing environment, might play an important role in programming long-term responses. We examined the effects of early-life exposure to corticosterone, the primary avian glucocorticoid, on neophobic and competitive behaviors in the house sparrow (<em>Passer domesticus</em>). We manipulated circulating corticosterone levels in wild, free-living nestlings, then measured behavior at the juvenile and adult stages in captivity. Birds were independently tested on their response to a novel object (i.e., neophobia) and tested in their nest group on their response to a limited food source (i.e., competitive behaviors). We had alternate predictions: (1) corticosterone-treated birds would exhibit fewer neophobic behaviors and more competitive behaviors than controls if early-life corticosterone exposure adaptively prepares animals for high-stress environments; or (2) corticosterone-treated birds would be more neophobic and less competitive compared to controls if high early-life corticosterone exposure outpaces the organism's capacity to regulate stability. Additionally, we predicted that postnatal corticosterone exposure might affect juvenile behavior more than adult behavior if responses can be modulated by individual experiences over time. We found that early-life corticosterone exposure largely did not predict neophobic behaviors in response to a novel object and environment but did predict competitive behaviors in juveniles. Corticosterone-treated juvenile males tended to be less competitive and displaced more frequently than control juvenile males, whereas corticosterone-treated juvenile females tended to be more competitive than control juvenile females; however, these patterns were no longer present by adulthood. We conclude that early-life stress might have sex-specific effects in a bird's competitive ability in their first year of life, which could impact survival in populations facing novel stressors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gold standard control groups in physiological and pharmacological research are not that shiny: Intraperitoneal saline injection and needle pricking affect prepubescent mice's behavior in a sex-specific manner","authors":"Muiara Aparecida Moraes ,&nbsp;Laila Blanc Arabe ,&nbsp;Bruna Lopes Resende ,&nbsp;Beatriz Campos Codo ,&nbsp;Ana Luiza Araújo Lima Reis ,&nbsp;Bruno Rezende Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Study design and experimental tools are crucial for good quality science, and an essential part of it is the choice of control groups to best test the hypothesis. Two of the standard control groups in physiological and pharmacological research are needle pricking without substance injection (Sham) and/or vehicle injection (Saline). However, both needle pricking and saline injection can act as stressors, potentially influencing the analyzed outcome. This raises the question of whether the dependent variable remains unaffected by the stress induced by these procedures. Despite the significance of this issue, very few studies have investigated the behavioral effects of a single intraperitoneal (I.P.) Sham and/or single I.P. Saline injection in mice, and those that have used mostly adult males. In this study, we investigated if a single I.P. Sham and/or I.P. Saline injection affects female and male prepubertal (4-weeks-old) mice behavior. After Sham or Saline injection, we examined exploratory/motor behavior (open field test – OFT), anxiety-like behavior (elevated plus-maze – EPM), and behavioral despair/depressive-like behavior (forced swimming test – FST). We observed that both Sham prepubertal females and males showed behavioral alterations in OFT and EPM, and Saline males showed behavioral alterations in OFT and FST. On the other hand, prepubertal Saline females showed an increase in exploratory behavior, risk assessment/anxiety-like behavior, and behavioral despair/depressive-like behavior. Thus, our findings indicate that control procedures commonly used in physiological and pharmacological experimental designs affect the behavior of prepubescent mice, with more pronounced effects in females than in males. This study suggests considering Naïve animals together with Sham and/or Vehicle for a better and more honest interpretation of the data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Male, but not female, oxytocin receptor knockout prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) show impaired consolation behavior","authors":"Kengo Horie ,&nbsp;Sarah A. Blumenthal ,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Inoue ,&nbsp;Saori Yada ,&nbsp;Katsuhiko Nishimori ,&nbsp;Larry J. Young","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prosocial behaviors, including empathetic consoling toward others, contribute to maintaining social groups and social connections between individuals in many mammalian species, including monogamous prairie voles (<em>Microtus ochrogaster</em>). Prairie voles display consolation toward distressed partners by increasing allogrooming behavior toward the partner. A previous pharmacological study showed that oxytocin signaling contributes to consolation in male prairie voles, although possible sex differences in the regulation of consoling have not been explored. Here, we demonstrate that male, but not female, oxytocin receptor knockout (<em>Oxtr</em> ^−/−) prairie voles display disrupted consoling behavior toward distressed opposite sex partners who spend 24 h with their partners to form a pair bond. Notably, both male and female <em>Oxtr</em> ^−/− prairie voles showed normal partner preference following 24 h of cohabitation. Autoradiography for the vasopressin 1a receptor (AVPR1A) reveals no differences between genotypes in AVPR1A levels in the lateral septum, ventral pallidum, laterodorsal thalamic nucleus, and central amygdala, suggesting that the lack of OXTR does not lead to compensation via AVPR1A system at the receptor expression level in these selected brain regions. These findings demonstrate that OXTR modulates consolation in a sex-specific manner in prairie voles, while the lack of OXTR does not influence pair bonding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}