Hormones and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Hormonal changes in first-time human fathers in relation to paternal investment","authors":"James K. Rilling ,&nbsp;Minwoo Lee ,&nbsp;Carolyn Zhou ,&nbsp;Esther Jung ,&nbsp;Ella Arrant ,&nbsp;Agena Davenport-Nicholson ,&nbsp;Xing Zhang ,&nbsp;Kelly Ethun","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In many biparental species, males experience hormonal changes across the transition to fatherhood that prepare them for their new caregiving role. In humans, cross-sectional comparisons have revealed hormonal differences between fathers and nonfathers, however it is not clear when hormone levels change in new fathers, how such changes relate to paternal involvement and attachment, or even whether men with particular hormonal profiles are more likely to become fathers. In this longitudinal study, we aimed to elucidate the trajectory of hormonal changes in new fathers with greater temporal resolution than previous studies, and to provide further insight into the direction of causality between hormone levels and paternal behavior by asking whether hormone levels predict behavior at subsequent time points, or vice-versa. We recruited a sample of 51 first-time expecting fathers and measured levels of plasma testosterone, oxytocin, vasopressin and cortisol at four time points spanning 4–5 months gestation through 4 months postnatally, and we compared these changes to those found in a control sample of 57 adult male nonfathers. We also examined the concurrent and lagged relationships between hormone levels and fathers' self-reported paternal behaviors. From early in the prenatal period, fathers showed lower levels of both testosterone and vasopressin compared with nonfathers, and lower levels of these hormones during the prenatal period predicted greater postnatal paternal investment in the mother and child. Similar to what is known for human mothers, oxytocin levels increased across the gestational period in new fathers, but oxytocin levels were not associated with greater self-reported paternal involvement or attachment. Finally, cortisol levels did not differ between fathers and nonfathers, and were not predictive of paternal involvement or attachment. Our findings raise the possibility that low levels of vasopressin and testosterone found in expecting fathers anticipate a shift in life history strategy toward greater investment in parenting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 105740"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vasotocin and oxytocin modulation of the endocrine and behavioral response to an aggressive challenge in male Siamese fighting fish","authors":"Bianca Fusani ,&nbsp;Andreia Ramos ,&nbsp;Sara D. Cardoso ,&nbsp;David Gonçalves","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aggressive behavior is an adaptive trait present across all taxa. However, the neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating it, particularly in fish, are not well understood. Oxytocin (OXT) and arginine vasotocin (VT) are known modulators of aggression, but their actions remain controversial. This study tested the possible modulation of endocrine and behavioral responses to an aggression challenge by these nonapeptides in Siamese fighting fish, <em>Betta splendens</em>, a species known for its intrinsic aggressiveness. Male <em>B. splendens</em> were injected with different dosages of either Manning compound or L-368,899, VT and OXT receptor antagonists respectively, and were exposed to a mirror challenge for 30 min. While all fish displayed high levels of aggression toward their mirror image, no differences were observed between control-injected and treatment fish. However, blocking VT inhibited the post-fight increase in plasma levels of the androgen 11-ketotestosterone (KT). To further investigate this result, testis tissue from males was incubated with and without VT and Manning compound, and KT levels were measured after 180 min. Results showed a direct effect of VT on <em>in vitro</em> KT secretion, indicating the presence of VT receptors in the testes of this species. Overall, the study does not support a modulatory role of VT or OXT in aggressive behavior, although VT might be implicated in the regulation of peripheral androgen response to aggression in <em>B. splendens</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 105728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal contraceptives during adolescence impact the female brain and behavior in a rat model","authors":"Rachel A. Gilfarb ,&nbsp;Sanjana Ranade ,&nbsp;Marissa Smail ,&nbsp;Lynde Wangler ,&nbsp;Meredith Stewart ,&nbsp;Abhishek Rajesh ,&nbsp;Kathryn M. Lenz ,&nbsp;Benedetta Leuner","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Millions of people take hormonal contraceptives (HCs), often starting during adolescence when ovarian hormones influence brain and behavioral maturation. However, there is a fundamental lack of information about the neurobehavioral consequences of hormonal alterations via adolescent HC use. To begin addressing this gap, we validated a rodent model of adolescent HC administration and characterized its impact on endocrine, transcriptional, and behavioral endpoints. Cohorts of intact post-pubertal female Sprague-Dawley rats received daily subcutaneous injections of either vehicle or HC [10 μg ethinyl estradiol (EE) + 20 μg levonorgestrel (LNG)] for the duration of adolescence from postnatal day (PND) 35 to PND56. Blood and brain tissue was collected at PND57. Other cohorts received daily injections of vehicle or HC from PND35 until behavioral assays were completed on PND57–64. HC treatment was effective, as vaginal lavage indicated disrupted estrous cycling and ELISA indicated suppressed serum luteinizing hormone in HC-treated rats. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed EE and LNG in serum and brain as well as diminished serum and brain levels of allopregnanolone and testosterone in HC-treated rats. NanoString nCounter analysis indicated that adolescent HC administration impacted expression of genes related to synapses, white matter, neuroimmune, monoamine, and hormone signaling in the hypothalamus and medial prefrontal cortex. While no effects of HCs were seen on sociability in the social preference test or stress coping behavior in the forced swim test, adolescent HC administration diminished risk-assessment behaviors in the novelty-induced hypophagia paradigm and altered anxiety-like behavior in the open field test and elevated plus maze. Overall, these data suggest that exposure to contraceptive hormones during the critical developmental period of adolescence may shape the brain and behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 105725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural connectivity of oxytocin receptor-expressing neurons in the nucleus accumbens and their role in social attachment","authors":"Nicole Rigney,&nbsp;Kengo Horie ,&nbsp;Ji-Dong Guo,&nbsp;Sarah A. Blumenthal,&nbsp;Zachary V. Johnson,&nbsp;Larry J. Young","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxytocin receptor (OXTR) activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is critical for pair bonding in prairie voles. <em>Oxtr</em> knockdown or pharmacological blockade in this region prevents mating-induced partner preferences, while overexpression facilitates bonding. However, no prior work has selectively interrogated or manipulated <em>Oxtr</em>-expressing neurons during dynamic bonding behaviors. We have developed an Oxtr-P2A-Cre prairie vole line that enables direct access to specific <em>Oxtr</em> neural populations. We utilized Oxtr-P2A-Cre prairie voles to express inhibitory DREADDs selectively in OXTR-expressing NAc neurons. Inhibiting NAc OXTR cells during initial cohabitation did not affect subsequent partner preference formation; however, inhibition during partner preference testing increased partner-directed huddling behavior, revealing a complex role for these neurons in social interactions. Using a viral tracing approach, we found that NAc OXTR-expressing neurons receive prominent inputs from the medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus, while projecting strongly to the ventral pallidum, ventral tegmental area, and lateral hypothalamus. Our cell-type-specific manipulation reveals how oxytocin receptor signaling in the NAc may modulate emotional state and facilitate the complex social behaviors underlying monogamous pair bonding. This Cre-recombinase approach demonstrates the utility of cell-type-specific targeting for elucidating oxytocin neural circuit mechanisms regulating emotional and social behavior in prairie voles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 105726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High human presence is correlated with lower faecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in an urban bird population","authors":"Kagiso B. Nhlapo ,&nbsp;Susan J. Cunningham ,&nbsp;Petra Sumasgutner ,&nbsp;Andre Ganswindt ,&nbsp;Andrew E. McKechnie ,&nbsp;Celiwe A. Ngcamphalala","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban wildlife must cope with diverse challenges and stressors, including human presence. However, in addition to being a disturbance, humans can provide energy-rich food and protection from predators. We evaluated the impact of human presence on red-winged starlings (<em>Onychognathus morio</em>) in a highly urbanised environment using faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) concentrations as a stress-related biomarker. We performed an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge to validate a non-invasive method for quantifying glucocorticoids in red-winged starlings. Using this method, we quantified fGCMs in excreta collected from free-living starlings during weekdays (high human presence) and weekends (low human presence) to determine the birds' responses to fluctuating human numbers. Following the ACTH challenge, starlings' circulating glucocorticoid (GC) concentrations increased by 127 % within 30 min and the corresponding fGCM concentrations increased within 1 h of injection. Of the four enzyme immunoassays (EIA) tested, an 11-oxoaetiocholanolone EIA, performed best, detecting a 310 % increase in fGCM concentrations post-ACTH challenge and suggested a 1-h lag between injection and peak fGCM excretion in this species. Human foot-traffic was significantly higher on weekdays compared to weekends, yet free-living red-winged starlings showed overall 30.4 % lower fGCM concentrations on weekdays compared to weekends. Red-winged starlings consume a higher proportion of anthropogenic food on weekdays than weekends and we cannot rule out the possibility that diet-related alteration in gut passage time affect fGCM concentrations. However, the correlation between fGCMs and human foot traffic may also suggest urban red-winged starlings benefit from human presence. Our results raise the possibility that, under certain conditions, the benefits associated with human presence outweigh potential negative effects associated with human activity, at least during the non-breeding season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social experience is associated with a differential role of aromatase neurons in sexual behavior and territorial aggression in male mice","authors":"Elliott Trives,&nbsp;Chantal Porte,&nbsp;Thiago Seike Nakahara,&nbsp;Matthieu Keller,&nbsp;Hélène Vacher,&nbsp;Pablo Chamero","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aromatase (Aro+) neurons located in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis (BNST) are crucial for the display of both sexual behavior and territorial aggression in naive male mice. The postero-dorsal part of the Medial Amygdala (MeApd) also contains Aro + neurons that are required for territorial aggression, but these neurons seem dispensable for the display of sexual behavior in naive animals. However, little is known about how Aro + neuron circuitry is influenced by social experience. Using a combination of chemogenetics, activity mapping and retrograde viral tracing, we show that social experience modulates Aro + neurons during sexual behavior and territorial aggression. Chemogenetic inhibition of BNST Aro + neurons in socially experienced male mice revealed that these neurons are required for territorial aggression, but not for sexual behavior. Behavior testing in experienced animals showed a specific increase in activation in the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and the Medial Amygdala (MeA) after sexual behavior but not territorial aggression, assessed by Egr1 expression. We also observed an increase of Egr1 cells in the medial Preoptic Area (mPOA), a brain region implicated in the display of sexual behavior. Combined retrograde viral tracing and Egr1 immunodetection showed that a subset of the activated cells in the MeA are Aro + neurons projecting to the mPOA. These results highlight that social experience induces a differential neural activity in the circuitry controlling sexual behavior and aggression, which include MeA Aro + neurons projecting to the mPOA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the congruency hypothesis using meta-analysis: Are changes in oral contraceptive use correlated with partnered women's sexual satisfaction?","authors":"Victor Shiramizu ,&nbsp;Julia Stern ,&nbsp;František Bartoš ,&nbsp;Yasaman Rafiee ,&nbsp;Thomas V. Pollet ,&nbsp;Benedict C. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on claims that changes in women's hormone levels influence their mating psychology, the Congruency Hypothesis proposes that women in relationships who change their hormonal contraceptive use after meeting their partner will report lower sexual satisfaction with their partner than women who do not change their oral contraceptive use. However, findings from studies testing this hypothesis have reported mixed results. Consequently, we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies on this topic. For the thirteen effects sizes from studies using between-subjects designs, the pooled correlation between congruency and sexual satisfaction was not statistically significant (<em>r</em> = 0.04, <em>p</em> = .091) and a Robust Bayesian meta-analysis found that the null hypothesis was moderately favoured over the Congruency Hypothesis (BF₁₀ = 0.123, i.e., BF₀₁ = 8.13, <em>r</em> = 0.003). For the four effect sizes from studies using within-subjects designs, the pooled correlation between congruency and sexual satisfaction was statistically significant (<em>r</em> = 0.18, <em>p</em> = .001) and a Robust Bayesian meta-analysis found weak evidence in favour of the Congruency Hypothesis (BF₁₀ = 1.55, <em>r</em> = 0.09). Although the effect of congruency on sexual satisfaction may be statistically significant in some analyses, across all analyses, results indicated that the magnitude of the congruency effect was small. Thus, we suggest that it is unlikely that changes in oral contraceptive use have a substantial (i.e., large) effect on women's sexual satisfaction on average. Still, some women might experience congruency effects and the overall evidence remains uncertain. More work, ideally in the form of randomized controlled trials, is needed to find a definite answer for research questions relying on the Congruency Hypothesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female rats exposed to early life scarcity-adversity are resilient to later life changes in maternal behavior","authors":"Christine H. Nguyen,&nbsp;Melissa G. Salazar,&nbsp;Millie Rincón-Cortés","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In both humans and rodents, maternal care is disturbed by exposure to environmental adversity, including low resource conditions (i.e., poverty, scarcity). Maternal adversity is associated with compromised quality of mother-infant attachment and increased adverse caregiving patterns such as abuse, maltreatment and/or neglect, which disrupt behavioral development in the female offspring. Importantly, maternal behavior is thought to be an intergenerational behavior, meaning that the quality of maternal care a female experiences during early life is thought to influence the quality of care she will display towards her own offspring when she becomes a mother. Here, we tested this idea by employing a rodent model of postpartum environmental adversity based on creating an impoverished nesting environment during postpartum days (PD) 2–9, which disrupts mother-infant interactions and is thought to upregulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis function in the pups. We examined the impact of this form of early life adversity on pup stress hormone (i.e., corticosterone- CORT) levels by collecting trunk blood and later life maternal behavior by conducting maternal behavior observations and maternal motivation tests (e.g., T-Maze, pup retrieval, pup-associated conditioned place preference) in the first filial (F1) generation. We report no impact of early life scarcity-adversity/adverse caregiving on pup CORT levels or later life naturalistic or motivated maternal behaviors. In sum, we show that female rat pups who experienced adverse caregiving during early life showed resilience towards developing negative caregiving patterns, as they did not perpetuate the same aberrant maternal behavior that they received from their mothers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of androgen receptor blockade on spatial memory in young and aged male rats in the Barnes maze","authors":"Graciela Jiménez-Rubio ,&nbsp;José Jaime Herrera-Pérez ,&nbsp;Lucía Martínez-Mota","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatial memory declines with age, and this decline is associated with decreased testosterone levels. However, the specific role of the androgen receptor in spatial memory performance in both young and aged rats remains largely unexplored. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic androgen receptor blockade on spatial memory performance in young and aged male rats. Young (3 months old) and aged (21 months old) Wistar rats were assigned to one of three experimental groups: control, vehicle-, or flutamide-treated (10 mg/kg SC for 14 days). Spatial memory was evaluated using the Barnes maze (Days 8–14 of flutamide administration). The phases of spatial memory acquisition (4 daily trials/4 days) and retention (1 trial/day, 3 days after acquisition) were evaluated. The results indicated that older animals took longer to find the goal, traveled greater distances, and moved more slowly than their younger counterparts in the Barnes maze, regardless of treatment. During the acquisition phase, flutamide administration delayed learning in both young and aged animals. Specifically, flutamide-treated animals exhibited delayed learning during the assessment of overnight forgetting (trial 1 on each day of the acquisition phase). During the retention phase, an age-related effect was observed in the flutamide-treated groups. These findings suggest that androgen receptor blockade induces cognitive deficits in both young and aged male rats, supporting the modulatory role of endogenous androgens in memory function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroestrogens, the hippocampus, and female cognitive aging","authors":"Jill C. Flannery ,&nbsp;Parker S. Tirrell ,&nbsp;Nina E. Baumgartner ,&nbsp;Jill M. Daniel","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research conducted over the last several decades implicates ovarian estrogens as important modulators of hippocampal function. More recently however, the importance of estrogens synthesized in the brain de novo for hippocampal function has been recognized. These brain-derived neuroestrogens act in the hippocampus to regulate dendritic spine dynamics and synaptic plasticity as well as hippocampus-dependent memory. The current report provides an overview of research conducted in model systems elucidating the actions of neuroestrogens in the hippocampus and the subsequent consequences for cognition. We highlight the relationship between ovarian estrogens and brain-derived estrogens and discuss implications for female cognitive aging of the putative decline in hippocampal levels of neuroestrogens following loss of ovarian function. Finally, we propose a model of menopause in which a short-term period of midlife estradiol treatment changes the trajectory of hippocampal neuroestrogen production long-term, resulting in sustained interactions of neuroestrogens, insulin-like growth factor-1, and estrogen receptor signaling in the hippocampus, interactions that support successful brain and cognitive aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}