Hormones and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Neurobiological characteristics associated with gender identity: Findings from neuroimaging studies in the Amsterdam cohort of children and adolescents experiencing gender incongruence","authors":"Julie Bakker","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review has been based on my invited lecture at the annual meeting of the Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology in 2023. Gender incongruence is defined as a marked and persistent incongruence between an individual's experienced gender and the sex assigned at birth. A prominent hypothesis on the etiology of gender incongruence proposes that it is related to an altered or less pronounced sexual differentiation of the brain. This hypothesis has primarily been based on postmortem studies of the hypothalamus in transgender individuals. To further address this hypothesis, a series of structural and functional neuroimaging studies were conducted in the Amsterdam cohort of children and adolescents experiencing gender incongruence. Additional research objectives were to determine whether any sex and gender differences are established before or after puberty, as well as whether gender affirming hormone treatment would affect brain development and function. We found some evidence in favor of the sexual differentiation hypothesis at the functional level, but this was less evident at the structural level. We also observed some specific transgender neural signatures, suggesting that they might present a unique brain phenotype rather than being shifted towards either end of the male-female spectrum. Our results further suggest that the years between childhood and mid-adolescence represent an important period in which puberty-related factors influence several neural characteristics, such as white matter development and functional connectivity patterns, in both a sex and gender identity specific way. These latter observations thus lead to the important question about the possible negative consequences of delaying puberty on neurodevelopment. To further address this question, larger-scale, longitudinal studies are required to increase our understanding of the possible neurodevelopmental impacts of delaying puberty in transgender youth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 105601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal protein malnutrition alters maternal behavior and leads to maladaptive stress response, neurodevelopmental delay and disruption on DNA methylation machinery in female mice offspring","authors":"Carolina D. Alberca ,&nbsp;Erika I. Georgieff ,&nbsp;Bruno G. Berardino ,&nbsp;Nadina M. Ferroni ,&nbsp;Estefanía A. Fesser ,&nbsp;Verónica I. Cantarelli ,&nbsp;Marina F. Ponzio ,&nbsp;Eduardo T. Cánepa ,&nbsp;Mariela Chertoff","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deficiencies in maternal nutrition have long-term consequences affecting brain development of the progeny and its behavior. In the present work, female mice were exposed to a normal-protein or a low-protein diet during gestation and lactation. We analyzed behavioral and molecular consequences of malnutrition in dams and how it affects female offspring at weaning. We have observed that a low-protein diet during pregnancy and lactation leads to anxiety-like behavior and anhedonia in dams. Protein malnutrition during the perinatal period delays physical and neurological development of female pups. Glucocorticoid levels increased in the plasma of malnourished female offspring but not in dams when compared to the control group. Interestingly, the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was reduced in hippocampus and amygdala on both malnourished dams and female pups. In addition, malnourished pups exhibited a significant increase in the expression of <em>Dnmt3b</em>, <em>Gadd45b,</em> and <em>Fkbp5</em> and a reduction in <em>Bdnf</em> VI variant mRNA in hippocampus. In contrast, a reduction on <em>Dnmt3b</em> has been observed on the amygdala of weaned mice. No changes have been observed on global methylation levels (5-methylcytosine) in hippocampal genomic DNA neither in dams nor female offspring.</p><p>In conclusion, deregulated behaviors observed in malnourished dams might be mediated by a low expression of GR in brain regions associated with emotive behaviors. Additionally, low-protein diet differentially deregulates the expression of genes involved in DNA methylation/demethylation machinery in female offspring but not in dams, providing an insight into regional- and age-specific mechanisms due to protein malnutrition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 105603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dynamics of sociality and glucocorticoids in wild male Assamese macaques","authors":"James Stranks ,&nbsp;Michael Heistermann ,&nbsp;Somboon Sangmaneedet ,&nbsp;Oliver Schülke ,&nbsp;Julia Ostner","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For males of gregarious species, dominance status and the strength of affiliative relationships can have major fitness consequences. Social dynamics also impose costs by affecting glucocorticoids, mediators of homeostasis and indicators of the physiological response to challenges and within-group competition. We investigated the relationships between dominance, social bonds, seasonal challenges, and faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGC) measures in wild Assamese macaques (<em>Macaca assamensis</em>) at Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand, combining behavioural data with 4129 samples from 62 adult males over 15 years. Our previous work on this population suggested that increased competition during the mating season was associated with elevated fGC levels and that, unusually for male primates, lower rank position correlated with higher fGC levels. With a much larger dataset and dynamic measures of sociality, we re-examined these relationships and additionally tested the potentially fGC-attenuating effect of social support. Contrary to our previous study, yet consistent with the majority of work on male primates, dominance rank had a positive relationship with fGC levels, as high status correlated with elevated glucocorticoid measures. fGC levels were increased at the onset of the mating season. We demonstrated an fGC-reducing effect of supportive relationships in males and showed that dynamics in affiliation can correlate with dynamics in physiological responses. Our results suggest that in a system with intermediate contest potential, high dominance status can impose physiological costs on males that may potentially be moderated by social relationships. We highlight the need to consider the dynamics of sociality and competition that influence hormonal processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 105604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141623248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal and cycle phase predictors of within-women shifts in self-perceived attractiveness: Tests of alternative functional models","authors":"Goirik Gupta ,&nbsp;Zachary L. Simmons ,&nbsp;James R. Roney","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prior research has produced mixed findings regarding whether women feel more attractive during the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle. Here, we analyzed cycle phase and hormonal predictors of women's self-perceived attractiveness (SPA) assessed within a daily diary study. Forty-three women indicated their SPA, sexual desire, and interest in their own partners or other potential mates each day across 1–2 menstrual cycles; saliva samples collected on corresponding days were assayed for estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone; and photos of the women taken at weekly intervals were rated for attractiveness. Contrary to some prior studies, we did not find a significant increase in SPA within the estimated fertile window (i.e., cycle days when conception is possible). However, within-cycle fluctuations in progesterone were significantly negatively associated with shifts in SPA, with a visible nadir in SPA in the mid-luteal phase. Women's sexual desire and SPA were positively associated, and the two variables fluctuated in very similar ways across the cycle. Third-party ratings of women's photos provided no evidence that women's SPA simply tracked actual changes in their visible attractiveness. Finally, for partnered women, changes in SPA correlated with shifts in attraction to own partners at least as strongly as it did with shifts in fantasy about extra-pair partners. Our findings provide preliminary evidence for the idea that SPA is a component of women's sexual motivation that may change in ways similar to other hormonally regulated shifts in motivational priorities. Additional large-scale studies are necessary to test replication of these preliminary findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 105602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0018506X24001272/pdfft?md5=a6bd34ea76a121020d9a810fc8607431&pid=1-s2.0-S0018506X24001272-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141605593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticosterone disrupts spatial working memory during retention testing when highly taxed, which positively correlates with depressive-like behavior in middle-aged, ovariectomized female rats","authors":"Cheryl D. Conrad,&nbsp;Dylan N. Peay,&nbsp;Amanda M. Acuña,&nbsp;Kennedy Whittaker,&nbsp;Megan E. Donnay","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Major Depressive Disorder affects 8.4 % of the U.S. population, particularly women during perimenopause. This study implemented a chronic corticosterone manipulation (CORT, a major rodent stress hormone) using middle-aged, ovariectomized female rats to investigate depressive-like behavior, anxiety-like symptoms, and cognitive ability. CORT (400 μg/ml, in drinking water) was administered for four weeks before behavioral testing began and continued throughout all behavioral assessments. Compared to vehicle-treated rats, CORT significantly intensified depressive-like behaviors: CORT decreased sucrose preference, enhanced immobility on the forced swim test, and decreased sociability on a choice task between a novel conspecific female rat and an inanimate object. Moreover, CORT enhanced anxiety-like behavior on a marble bury task by reducing time investigating tabasco-topped marbles. No effects were observed on novelty suppressed feeding or the elevated plus maze. For spatial working memory using an 8-arm radial arm maze, CORT did not alter acquisition but disrupted performance during retention. CORT enhanced the errors committed during the highest working memory load following a delay and during the last trial requiring the most items to remember; this cognitive metric positively correlated with a composite depressive-like score to reveal that as depressive-like symptoms increased, cognitive performance worsened. This protocol allowed for the inclusion of multiple behavioral assessments without stopping the CORT treatment needed to produce a MDD phenotype and to assess a battery of behaviors. Moreover, that when middle-age was targeted, chronic CORT produced a depressive-like phenotype in ovariectomized females, who also comorbidly expressed aspects of anxiety and cognitive dysfunction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 105600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141605594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal contraceptives and behavior: Updating the potent state of the nascent science","authors":"Adriene M. Beltz","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hundreds of millions of people worldwide use hormonal contraceptives (HCs), which have been an essential part of women's reproductive health care for decades. Throughout that time, however, research on the neural and behavioral consequences of HCs was minimal and plagued by poor methodology. HC effects – and users – were assumed to be homogenous. Fortunately, there has been a recent upswell in the number and quality of investigations, affording tentative conclusions about the roles of HCs in spatial cognition and mental health, particularly depression. Thus, this paper leverages findings from the past few years to highlight the heterogeneous aspects of use that seem to matter for behavior – ranging from variation in hormonal contraceptive formulations and routes of administration to individual differences among users linked to age and reproductive health history. This paper closes with five tips for future research that will help capture and clarify heterogeneity in potential relations between HCs and behavior, namely data collection, regional access, lifespan factors, gender, and collaboration. HCs are sociopolitically provocative and research on their potential behavioral neuroendocrine impacts is becoming increasingly popular. It is, therefore, imperative for scientists to conduct replicable and robust empirical investigations, and to communicate findings with the nuance that the heterogeneity among users and effects requires.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 105574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141554641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facing infant cuteness: How nurturing care motivation and oxytocin system gene methylation are associated with responses to baby schema features","authors":"Hannah Spencer ,&nbsp;Franca H. Parianen Lesemann ,&nbsp;Renate S.M. Buisman ,&nbsp;Eline J. Kraaijenvanger ,&nbsp;Susan Branje ,&nbsp;Marco P.M. Boks ,&nbsp;Peter A. Bos","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Baby schema features are a specific set of physical features—including chubby cheeks, large, low-set eyes, and a large, round head—that have evolutionary adaptive value in their ability to trigger nurturant care. In this study among nulliparous women (<em>N</em> = 81; <em>M</em> age = 23.60, <em>SD</em> = 0.44), we examined how sensitivity to these baby schema features differs based on individual variations in nurturant care motivation and oxytocin system gene methylation. We integrated subjective ratings with measures of facial expressions and electroencephalography (EEG) in response to infant faces that were manipulated to contain more or less pronounced baby schema features. Linear mixed effects analyses demonstrated that infants with more pronounced baby schema features were rated as cuter and participants indicated greater motivation to take care of them. Furthermore, infants with more pronounced baby schema features elicited stronger smiling responses and enhanced P2 and LPP amplitudes compared to infants with less pronounced baby schema features. Importantly, individual differences significantly predicted baby schema effects. Specifically, women with low <em>OXTR</em> methylation and high nurturance motivation showed enhanced differentiation in automatic neurophysiological responses to infants with high and low levels of baby schema features. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences in continued research to further understand the complexities of sensitivity to child cues, including facial features, which will improve our understanding of the intricate neurobiological system that forms the basis of caregiving behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 105595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0018506X2400120X/pdfft?md5=073531665ad89db2cc914ffedef01e65&pid=1-s2.0-S0018506X2400120X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141554717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of estrogens on spatial learning and memory in female rodents – A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Jennifer Lymer ,&nbsp;Hailey Bergman ,&nbsp;Sabrina Yang ,&nbsp;Ranjeeta Mallick ,&nbsp;Liisa A.M. Galea ,&nbsp;Elena Choleris ,&nbsp;Dean Fergusson","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Estrogens have inconsistent effects on learning and memory in both the clinical and preclinical literature. Preclinical literature has the advantage of investigating an array of potentially important factors contributing to the varied effects of estrogens on learning and memory, with stringently controlled studies. This study set out to identify specific factors in the animal literature that influence the effects of estrogens on cognition, for possible translation back to clinical practice. The literature was screened and studies meeting strict inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Eligible studies included female ovariectomized rodents with an adequate vehicle for the estrogen treatment, with an outcome of spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze. Training days of the Morris water maze were used to assess acquisition of spatial learning, and the probe trial was used to evaluate spatial memory recall. Continuous outcomes were pooled using a random effects inverse variance method and reported as standardized mean differences with 95 % confidence intervals. Subgroup analyses were developed a priori to assess important factors. The overall analysis favoured treatment for the later stages of training and for the probe trial. Factors including the type of estrogen, route, schedule of administration, age of animals, timing relative to ovariectomy, and duration of treatment were all found to be important. The subgroup analyses showed that chronic treatment with 17β-estradiol, either cyclically or continuously, to young animals improved spatial recall. These results, observed in animals, can inform and guide further clinical research on hormone replacement therapy for cognitive benefits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 105598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0018506X24001235/pdfft?md5=56e67ed5dee0521e431f992abfac6928&pid=1-s2.0-S0018506X24001235-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of hippocampal melatonin synthesis by siRNA induced learning and memory deficits in male rats","authors":"Tahereh Ghorbandaiepour ,&nbsp;Esmaeil Sadroddiny ,&nbsp;Maryam Zahmatkesh ,&nbsp;Gholamreza Hassanzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Melatonin, the multi-functional neurohormone, is synthesized in the extra-pineal tissues such as the hippocampus. The key enzyme in hippocampal melatonin synthesis is arylalkylamine-<em>N</em>-acetyltransferase (AANAT). The importance of melatonin synthesis in the hippocampus has not yet been determined. We investigated hippocampal AANAT role in cognitive function using gene silencing small interference RNA (siRNA) technology.</p><p>The hippocampal local melatonin synthesis was inhibited by AANAT-siRNA injection. The time-gene silencing profile of AANAT-siRNA was obtained by RT-PCR technique. The cytotoxicity of siRNA dose was determined by MTT assay on the B65 neural cells. Animals received the selected dosage of AANAT-siRNA. Then, the spatial working memory (Y maze), object recognition memory and spatial reference memory (Morris's water maze, MWM) were evaluated. The anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated by the elevated plus maze. After one week, following the probe test of MWM, the rats were sacrificed for histological analysis. The hippocampal melatonin levels were measured using the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry technique.</p><p>The hippocampal melatonin levels in the AANAT-siRNA group decreased. Animals receiving the AANAT-siRNA showed deficits in spatial learning and working memory which were verified by increased escape latency and reduced spontaneous alternations, respectively. There was an increase in anxiety-like behaviors as well as a deficit in recognition memory in the AANAT-siRNA group. The Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry of activated caspase-3 showed the neuronal loss and cell apoptosis in hippocampal tissue of the AANAT-siRNA group. The ¹⁸F-FDG-PET imaging displayed lower glucose metabolism following the reduction in AANAT mRNA. Data suggest that the AANAT mRNA and hippocampal melatonin synthesis might be an essential factor for learning, memory and some aspects of cognition, as well as homeostasis of hippocampal cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 105599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female mice lacking membrane estrogen receptor alpha display impairments in spatial memory","authors":"Alyssa F. DeLarge ,&nbsp;Marcella J. Stanley ,&nbsp;Jill M. Daniel","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Estrogens exert effects on cognition by acting on estrogen receptors (ER) including ERα. Activation of nuclear ERα results in classical genomic signaling leading to transcriptional changes that occur over hours to days. In contrast, activation of ERα localized to the membrane results in rapid signaling with effects occurring in seconds to minutes. The goal of the current study was to determine the role of membrane ERα in spatial memory. Female wildtype (WT) and transgenic mice that lack membrane ERα and express nuclear only ERα (NOER) were trained on an eight-arm radial-maze task. Following training, mice were tested on delay trials, in which delays ranging from 30 min to 5 h were inserted between the 4th and 5th arm choices. Performance was measured by number of proactive and retroactive errors. Proactive errors are short-term working memory errors defined by reentries into arms previously visited during the post-delay period or errors made during the pre-delay period. Retroactive errors are delay-dependent memory errors, defined as reentries into arms during the post-delay that were previously visited during the pre-delay. Consistent with a role for membrane ERα in rapid signaling, NOER mice made more proactive errors than WTs across all delays. NOER mice made more retroactive errors than WTs only after the 5-h delay. WT and NOER mice performed similarly on elevated plus maze and open field tests indicating no effects of membrane ERα on anxiety-related behavior or locomotor activity. Results reveal that membrane ERα plays important roles in both short-term and longer-term delay-dependent memory either directly or potentially indirectly through a role in the regulation of estradiol levels via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 105597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0018506X24001223/pdfft?md5=c1dd3945cbc1dac8b9ad75dcc1d0640c&pid=1-s2.0-S0018506X24001223-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}