2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)最新文献

{"title":"When Air Traffic Management Meets Blockchain Technology: a Blockchain-based concept for securing the sharing of Flight Data","authors":"Marina Dehez Clementi, N. Larrieu, E. Lochin, M. Kâafar, H. Asghar","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081622","url":null,"abstract":"The Aviation Industry has been booming for several decades and is expected to keep growing in the future. Therefore, Air Traffic Management (ATM) tools are likely to be soon overwhelmed by the demand. The Single European Sky ATM Research Program (SESAR) 2020, controlled by EUROCONTROL, intends to revisit the management of aeronautical information along its full lifecycle and across the whole European ATM system. The efficient sharing of information over large scale Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) is a non-trivial problem that raises several challenges including data lineage, data consistency, access rights management and privacy-preservation. Part of the SESAR initiative, System-Wide Information Management (SWIM) project defines standards to enhance the security of aeronautical data shared among stakeholders. Most of its propositions include centralized or partially centralized mechanisms in order to enforce data confidentiality, and privacy. In this paper, we intend to discuss how blockchains can improve the sharing of sensitive data over the ATM system. More specifically, we use the example of flight data and describe a high-level Blockchain-based concept that mimics the decentralized nature of existing A TM system to provide a reliable, distributed storage platform for flight information.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133985467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Future of Drones and their Public Acceptance","authors":"M. Macias, C. Barrado, E. Pastor, P. Royo","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081623","url":null,"abstract":"Any emergent technology in history has raised an initial rejection by part of the society. Added to the several problems that the non-mature technology may have, the lack of any previous experience about side effects and the humans psychological fear to the unknown play an important influence in its acceptance. As drones bring up high social and economical expectations due to their capabilities and bussiness applications, the social acceptance is key to the complete development of drone technology's potential. Experts believe that social acceptance is ruled by a balance between beneficial usages and inconvenient issues regarding the technology. This balance in the aeronautical sector is also conditioned by the strict safety policies and regulations of the airspace and the current airspace users. To analyse this balance situation in actual and future environments, regarding drone technology, different use cases will be presented. These use cases have been proposed and analysed by different stakeholders from the U-space community network, a network of airspace and drone stakeholders who participated in the context of the SESAR CORUS11All the work within this paper is UPC work and it may not be the view of all CORUS consortium members project. The purpose of this paper is to analyse some of these use cases by obtaining responses from different stakeholders point of view using a survey in order to see how economical, safety and political aspects are balanced in each one of the cases. From the survey responses we will perform an analysis by means of three different acceptance indicators, one for each aspect commented. Main results and conclusions point out that the economical indicator is, in general, positive, especially for the low cost payload use cases. In contrast the economical indicator is close to neutral for city transport and airports use cases, which leads to propose some economical promotion action may be needed to make them a reality. For the safety indicator we observe that they are close to negative values as use case complexity increases. Thus we can conclude that some of the proposed missions start affecting the current levels of safety. Finally, the political indicator is mostly neutral, with some positive trends for scenarios related with inspection tasks or done in non-populated areas.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134185911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating Fleet Noise for Notional UAM Vehicles and Operations in New York","authors":"Patricia C. Glaab, F. Wieland, M. Santos, Rohit Sharma, Ralph Tamburro, Paul U. Lee","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081670","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of systems-level simulations using Metrosim that were conducted for notional Urban Air Mobility (UAM)-style vehicles analyzed for two different scenarios for New York (NY). UAM is an aviation industry term for passenger or cargo-carrying air transportation services, which are often automated, operating in an urban/city environment. UAM-style vehicles are expected to use vertical takeoff and landing with fixed wing cruise flight. Metrosim is a metroplex-wide route and airport planning tool that can also be used in standalone mode as a simulation tool. The scenarios described and reported in this paper were used to evaluate a fleet noise prediction capability for this tool. The work was a collaborative effort between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Intelligent Automation, Inc (IAI), and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ). One scenario was designed to represent an expanded air-taxi operation from existing helipads around Manhattan to the major New York airports. The other case represented a farther term vision case with commuters using personal air vehicles to hub location just outside New York, with an air-taxi service running frequent connector trips to a few key locations inside Manhattan. For both scenarios, the trajectories created for the entire fleet were passed to the Aircraft Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) to generate Day-Night Level (DNL) noise contours for inspection. Without data for actual UAM vehicles available, surrogate AEDT empirical Noise-Power-Distance (NPD) tables used a similar sized current day helicopter as the Baseline, and a version of that same data linearly scaled as the first guess at possible UAM noise data. Details are provided for each of the two scenario configurations, and the output noise contours are presented for the Baseline and reduced noise DNL cases.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134355526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closely Spaced Paralllel Operations (CSPO) Dependent Departures: Concept and Initial Assessments","authors":"R. Mayer","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081717","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Aviation Administration currently develops and implements capabilities of its Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). Key benefits include increased airport capacity by reducing separation standards and enabling new operations in lower visibility conditions. NextGen's Closely Spaced Parallel Operations (CSPO) program investigates the operational concepts and performance requirements that enable the implementation of innovative standards and procedures for operations on closely spaced parallel runways across the National Airspace System. They include the CSPO Dependent Departure concept which aims to increase the operational efficiencies of departure operations. When operations are conducted under Instrument Flight Rules, departures from runways with centerlines spaced less than 2,500 feet currently require application of separation identical to the separation required for departures conducted on the same runway. The Dependent Departure concept capitalizes on CSPO runway spacing to enable lower initial separation requirements, effectively reducing the time interval applied between departing aircraft. This paper presents the CSPO Dependent Departure concept and its application to a range of operational scenarios. It describes the methodology developed for leveraging in-service data of actual operations to define reduced initial spacing requirements and support safety assessments of the operations. The results suggest, depending on the operational scenario, CSPO Dependent Departures with 15 to 52-percent reduced departure time intervals will meet the target level of safety established for the operations from a collision risk perspective.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131642670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generating Realistic Reroutes to Assess Air Traffic Impact of Blocked Airspaces","authors":"Amal Srivastava","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081707","url":null,"abstract":"Demand for airspace access has been on the rise due to an increasing number of new entrants such as Space Operators, Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), and Balloon Operators. To accommodate operations such as space launches in the National Airspace System (NAS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) may strategically route traffic around airspaces to ensure operational safety. As the frequency of these activities increases, there is a need to deepen collaboration and transparency between stakeholders regarding airspace usage. A primary need to support this collaboration is the ability to quickly assess traffic impacts due to flights rerouting around airspaces closed due to upcoming operations. Using such a capability, a space operator may be able to adjust their launch and reentry operations plan to have minimal airspace system impact, and a traffic manager may be able to quickly assess the impact of last-minute launch time changes. This paper presents a rapid reroute generation algorithm that models the path that flights are likely to take around blocked airspaces, that reflects the strategic air traffic flow management strategies used to accommodate such a constraint. The model systematically considers several rerouting strategies, starting with the routes available in the National Playbook and Coded Departure Routes (CDR) to find flight paths clear of the closed airspaces. Since many of the routes in the playbook definitions do not originate or terminate at airports, an algorithm to detect historical tracks with a high conformance to such routes is developed to select flight tracks which act as proxy for such routes. Additionally, five years of historical track data is analyzed to generate dominant clusters of flows between all city pairs, which provide alternate paths options around blocked airspaces. Finally, a Dijkstra's k-shortest path algorithm-based method is used to model tactical deviations of flights around blocked airspaces. The paper describes the model, data sources used, validation methodology, the accuracy of the results as well as the model's limitations. The research presented in the paper may be used to develop capabilities to assist airspace users to make more informed decisions concerning the timing and location of their operations within the NAS and promote cooperation and collaboration between the increasing number of new entrants and traditional NAS users.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131034069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safe and Secure Data Fusion — Use of MILS Multicore Architecture to Reduce Cyber Threats","authors":"P. Huyck","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081638","url":null,"abstract":"Data fusion, as a means to improve aircraft and air traffic safety, is a recent focus of some researchers and system developers. Increases in data volume and processing needs necessitate more powerful hardware and more flexible software architectures to satisfy these needs. Such improvements in processed data also mean the overall system becomes more complex and correspondingly, resulting in a potentially significantly larger cyber-attack space. Today's multicore processors are one means of satisfying the increased computational needs of data fusion-based systems. When coupled with a real-time operating system (RTOS) capable of flexible core and application scheduling, large cabinets of (power hungry) single-core processors may be avoided. The functional and assurance capabilities of such an RTOS can be critical elements in providing application isolation, constrained data flows, and restricted hardware access (including covert channel prevention) necessary to reduce the overall cyber-attack space. This paper examines fundamental considerations of a multiple independent levels of security (MILS) architecture when supported by a multicore-based real-time operating system. The paper draws upon assurance activities and functional properties associated with a previous Common Criteria evaluation assurance level (EAL) 6+ / High-Robustness Separation Kernel certification effort and contrast those with activities performed as part of a MILS multicore related project. The paper discusses key characteristics and functional capabilities necessary to achieve overall system security and safety. The paper defines architectural considerations essential for scheduling applications on a multicore processor to reduce security risks. For civil aircraft systems, the paper discusses the applicability of the security assurance and architecture configurations to system providers looking to increase their resilience to cyber threats.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132305906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System Effects Test Example for Atmospheric Radiation Environment","authors":"L. Dominik","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081798","url":null,"abstract":"Galactic cosmic rays and solar rays produce particle cascades in the atmosphere, where resulting particles (mainly high energy neutrons) can interact with components to cause Single Event Effects (SEE). The effects from atmospheric radiation can cause various fault conditions, including corrupted data, processor halts and interrupts, operational errors, and component latch-ups requiring a power cycle. As technology trends continue to achieve higher densities and lower voltages, semiconductor devices are becoming more susceptible to atmospheric radiation effects. Testing to measure the susceptibility of a component or equipment to atmospheric radiation environments requires the utilization of highly advanced laboratory facilities. Testing can be performed at the component level to measure the device-level susceptibility, or the test can be performed to measure impacts at the equipment level. This paper provides an example of a test intended to measure equipment level effects while irradiating a single component. The purpose of the experiment was to validate the mitigations and protections designed into the equipment.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115230104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Requirements-based Automated Test Generation for Safety Critical Software","authors":"Meng Li, B. Meng, Han Yu, Kit Siu, Michael Durling, Daniel Russell, Craig McMillan, Matthew Smith, M. Stephens, Scott Thomson","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081726","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing size and complexity of safety critical software in industrial domains such as aviation, automotive and medical devices, developing tests for such software to achieve corresponding standards such as DO-178C and ISO-26262 has become a challenge. Existing test generation tools are either not generating a complete set of tests to satisfy the standards or requires considerable human interventions. General Electric developed a toolchain called ASSERT™ (Analysis of Semantic Specifications and Efficient generation of Requirements based Tests) to address the challenges and limitations of existing tools by formally capturing requirements and automatically generating a complete set of requirements-based tests to satisfy certain industry standards. This paper describes our approach to automatically generate test objectives, test cases, and test procedures from requirements to satisfy DO-178C. We demonstrate ASSERT™'s requirements-based automated test generation (ATG) tool on an avionics system.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115017211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An AI based Approach to Secure SDN Enabled Future Avionics Communications Network Against DDoS Attacks","authors":"Muhammad Ali, Fouad Benamrane, D. Luong, Yim-Fun Hu, Jian-Ping Li, Kanaan Abdo","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081639","url":null,"abstract":"The security has always been an important part of the telecommunication systems, which require consideration with high priority and appropriate countermeasures by network operators. In avionics communication systems the consideration of security is even more important, provided the fact that a minor security breach in avionics communication system can lead to a catastrophic incident which is never acceptable in any circumstances. Like other terrestrial networks the evolution of avionics communication networks is also incorporating new technologies such as heterogeneous networking for multilink communications, software defined radios (SDR), IoT, Cloud, Big Data and software defined networking (SDN) etc. This evolution for future avionics communication networks on one hand is offering enhanced reliability, flexibility, improved performance, centralized control, global network view and better management to the future avionics networks but on other hand it also inherits some of the vulnerabilities such as single point of failure etc. The pre-existing vulnerabilities together with newly inherited vulnerabilities due to incorporation of new technologies in future avionics communications networks demands considerable attention and develop context for more research in this area. There have been multiple artificial intelligence (AI) based techniques proposed by researcher globally to counter the security challenges associated with traditional terrestrial networks but very rare efforts have been made in securing future avionics communication incorporating AI. This paper proposes an AI based security solution using artificial neural networks (ANN) to address the security issues of future avionics communications networks. This paper identifies the possible vulnerabilities in the SDN enabled future avionics network (COMET) architecture at different levels considering southbound, northbound and east/west bound interfaces. Each asset in the COMET aircraft architecture is analyzed for possible vulnerabilities and potential threats and categorized appropriately. The main focus of proposed research is on the AI based method to detect and protect the COMET aircraft system from Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks and its impacts. Addressing DDoS attacks is an important concern in network security as lack of countermeasures can easily lead to waste of network resources resulting into gigantic depletion of bandwidth and eventually network unavailability. The traditional methods to defend against DDoS attacks are traceback method, entropy variation and intrusion detection and prevention system (IDPS). This paper proposes using ANN techniques in IDPS to efficiently detect and prevent the DDoS attacks by taking advantage of SDN stack. The simulation is carried out by implementing the proposed AI method on top of SDN controller and running different DDoS attacks scenarios to monitor and verify that the detection accuracy is higher and false alarm rate is low enou","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114998311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A SDN-based Traffic Bandwidth Allocation Method for Time Sensitive Networking in Avionics","authors":"Ershuai Li, Feng He, Lin Zhao, Xuan Zhou","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081700","url":null,"abstract":"The Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) network systems confront bandwidth resource sharing challenge constantly, with the objective to obey strict timing requirements. In traditional avionics network, the deterministic QoS guarantees are maintained by precise offline configuration during the design period. However, considering the increasing flexibility and variable scale of avionics systems in recent years, it is inevitable to develop a new network framework that can adapt to scalability. Thus, a Software Defined Networking (SDN)-based avionics network is explored to reduce the complexity and integration overheads for upgrading, which must meet bandwidth and end-to-end latency requirements both. SDN possesses the advantages with global visibility and flexibility management of flows for safety critical applications, but it could not support real-time guarantee for traffic transmission in the network. Nevertheless, the centralized SDN can be an effective implement to combine SDN and bandwidth resource allocation for Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) in avionics network. And it is revealed that the Time Aware Shaper (TAS) and Credit Based Shaper (CBS) play key roles in bandwidth allocation for TSN to obtain deterministic traffic transmission behaviors, which also shows great interests to automotive and industrial communications. In this paper, we first propose a SDN-based framework for traffic bandwidth allocation in avionics network, which can significantly enhance bandwidth reservation management during real-time network communication. Then, we introduce a heuristic algorithm to resolve traffic bandwidth allocation problem, and derive multiple scheduling constraints to support traffic transmission with low and bounded latency and further ensure safety-critical communication. Experiments are carried out to demonstrate our method, and we also discuss trade-offs to optimize the required calculation time, thus can be flexible adopted in safety-critical and time-sensitive applications.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121940019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}