2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)最新文献

{"title":"ACAS Xu: Integrated Collision Avoidance and Detect and Avoid Capability for UAS","authors":"Michael P. Owen, A. Panken, Robert J. Moss, Luis E. Alvarez, Charles Leeper","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081758","url":null,"abstract":"ACAS Xu provides both a collision avoidance (CA) and detect and avoid (DAA) capability for UAS. The CA decision logic is based on Markov decision process models of the CA problem to generate both horizontal and vertical maneuver guidance to avoid collisions. DAA logic uses a rollout approach to anticipate collision risk at longer timelines to support pilot interaction and communication with air traffic controllers. System optimization and evaluation is performed using fast-time Monte-Carlo simulation environments. Compared to benchmark systems, ACAS Xu provides a significant safety benefit and alerting reduction. The algorithm specification document for ACAS Xu is slated for final approval and release in 2020.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121940849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Traffic Management Initiatives: The Double Delay Problem","authors":"Kleoniki Vlachou, Rohit Sharma, F. Wieland","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081697","url":null,"abstract":"The “double delay” problem in aviation arises at congested airports when short-haul flights experience consecutive additive delays generated by two different and unintegrated traffic management initiatives: one delay caused by a ground delay program followed by a second delay caused by the “call for release” program. This paper studies the sensitivity of these delays when the proportion of short-haul flights is changed at an airport. The study airport is Philadelphia International Airport (PHL). The study day is a high-volume traffic day in the summer of 2018 combined with low-visibility weather that impeded the airport's arrival capacity for much of the day. The combination of high volume and low visibility triggered a ground delay, while overall congestion in the National Airspace System triggered a predeparture “call for release” for flights within 400 nautical miles (nm) of PHL. The results in this paper quantify the magnitude of the double delay, and show its sensitivity as the number of short-haul flights vary.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122379565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACAS sXu: Robust Decentralized Detect and Avoid for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems","authors":"Luis E. Alvarez, Ian Jessen, Michael P. Owen, Joshua Silbermann, P. Wood","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081631","url":null,"abstract":"Demand for small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) continues to increase in diversity and volume, however applications are currently limited by regulatory requirements for visual observation or special use waivers. For full integration of autonomous sUAS in the national airspace system, a collision avoidance system must be implemented to enable detection and avoidance of air traffic. Building upon collision avoidance systems development over the past decade for large UAS and manned aircraft, ACAS sXu provides such a capability, enabling autonomous and decentralized sUAS collision avoidance capability against manned aircraft, UAS, and other sUAS.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125630696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of Real-time Routing for UAS traffic Management with Communication and Airspace Safety Considerations","authors":"Zhao Jin, Ziyi Zhao, Chen Luo, Franco Basti, A. Solomon, M. C. Gursoy, Carlos Caicedo, Qinru Qiu","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081675","url":null,"abstract":"Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) will be an important component of the smart city and intelligent transportation environments of the near future. The demand for sUAS related applications, such as commercial delivery and land surveying, is expected to grow rapidly in next few years. In general, sUAS traffic routing and management functions are needed to coordinate the launching of sUAS from different launch sites and determine their trajectories to avoid conflict while considering several other constraints such as expected arrival time, minimum flight energy, and availability of communication resources. However, as the airborne sUAS density grows in a certain area, it is difficult to foresee the potential airspace and communications resource conflicts and make immediate decisions to avoid them. To address this challenge, we present a temporal and spatial routing algorithm and simulation platform for sUAS trajectory management in a high density urban area that plans sUAS movements in a spatial and temporal maze taking into account obstacles that are either static or dynamic in time. The routing allows the sUAS to avoid static no-fly areas (i.e. static obstacles) or other in-flight sUAS and areas that have congested communication resources (i.e. dynamic obstacles). The algorithm is evaluated using an agent-based simulation platform. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other route management algorithms in many areas, especially in processing speed and memory efficiency. Detailed comparisons are provided for the sUAS flight time, the overall throughput, conflict rate and communication resource utilization. The results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can be used to address the airspace and communication resource utilization needs for a next generation smart city and smart transportation.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129035963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Conflict Probes for Detect and Avoid Systems","authors":"Timothy Grebe, Fabrice Kunzi","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081683","url":null,"abstract":"Detect and Avoid (DAA) systems are integral to an Unmanned Aircraft System's (UAS) ability to Remain Well Clear (RWC) of other aircraft; they are an enabling technology for UAS to integrate into the National Airspace System (NAS). “Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for Detect and Avoid (DAA) Systems” (RTCA DO-365 [1]) specifies requirements criteria for displaying conflict predictive information to the UAS Pilot in Command (PIC). General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. (GA-ASI), in conjunction with Information Systems Delft, developed an additional conflict predictive display mechanism called conflict probes. Current GA-ASI implementations of DAA have conflict probes displayed whenever a DAA heading band (a band generated on a traffic display to indicate hazardous headings) is displayed. Conflict probes predict the state of an intruder for a given heading, climb rate, and look ahead time. Effectively, rather than displaying the headings and altitudes/climb rates that will result in a DAA Loss of Well Clear (LoWC), they convey to the PIC the volume in space that correlates to a LoWc. This gives the PIC an area on their traffic display to avoid, rather than merely a heading. This allows the PIC more options to avoid a conflict, such as airspeed adjustment in certain geometries. These features may be helpful as a supplement to pre-existing guidance algorithms, or used as a DAA alerting and guidance algorithm on its own. The possibilities for implementation of conflict probes and the results on the effectiveness of DAA alerting and guidance are discussed. Anecdotal feedback from PICs utilizing this augmentation have preferred DAA heading bands with conflict probes. Subjective PIC data have corroborated that conflict probes are useful to the PIC in situations where Air Traffic Control (ATC) is not providing separation services, such as uncontrolled airspace. Further human factors studies are recommended.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127826367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Algorithm to Determine Airport Runway Usage/Configuration Based on Aircraft Trajectories","authors":"Raúl Torres, P. C. Álvarez-Esteban, Nicolás Peña","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081721","url":null,"abstract":"Air transportation growth is a reality described by different sources (e.g. The World Bank [1], the latest Eurocontrol report [2]). One essential initiative required to improve air traffic capacity while maintaining or increasing safety is to introduce predictive analytics that enable a dynamic adaptation of airline operations in a preemptive manner to an ever changing environment. An important part of this task is to model airport operations and plan accordingly. Particularly runway usage and/or configuration are important aspects of these operations. For example, prior knowledge of runway usage could improve flight plan optimizers outputs. Of course, to create any model or predictor, ground truth data is required. However most of the time, detailed information about runway historical usage/configuration is inaccessible, unreliable or it belongs to national ATC services providers. Then, thinking on a high-scale forecast methodology there is an important drawback given the lack of a feasible target for most of the airports. Thus, the goal of this work is to introduce an accessible, easy to implement algorithm that allows historical reconstruction of runway usage/configuration for any airport based on data transmitted from aircrafts through either Radar or ADS- B technologies, even when the track data is not consistent. We study the quality of the assessment performed by the two outputs of the algorithm: 1) Measuring runway usage accuracy in comparison to the report given by the Spanish ATC service provider (ENAIRE) for each flight landing to or taking off from two Spanish airports, Madrid-Barajas and Barcelona-El Prat, during October 2016. 2) Comparing the Netherlands-Schiphol runway configuration reported by the Netherlands airspace regulator (LVNL) for three different months: February, April and August 2018. The results provide values above 97% of accuracy for both types of assessment.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129872865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Trajectory-Based Operations for Traffic Flow Management in an Increasingly Diverse Future Air Traffic Operations","authors":"Paul U. Lee, H. Idris, D. Helton, Thomas P. Davis, G. Lohr, Rosa M. Oseguera-Lohr","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081713","url":null,"abstract":"Integration of new flight operations, such as urban air mobility vehicles and commercial space flights, into the National Airspace System (NAS) will require accommodation of new vehicles with different performance and mission profiles into an established traditional commercial and general aviation aircraft operational framework. For example, in this increasingly diverse future air traffic operations, the interaction and integration of on-demand operations with traditional, largely scheduled operations will lead them to share existing commercial airspace with increased requirements on data exchange and control schemes to ensure adequate safety margins. In this new paradigm, the traditional operations will need to transform from current vector-based operation to a more integrated trajectory-based operation (TBO) in which the aircraft's trajectory intents are more strategically planned, precisely tracked, and collaboratively coordinated. Over the years, NASA has been developing, demonstrating and transferring air traffic management concepts to the FAA to support surface, departure and arrival metering, as well as dynamic reroutes for weather avoidance. This paper describes a framework for combining and advancing those NASA efforts to improve arrival and departure demand management by integrating select NASA TBO capabilities with the Traffic Flow Management System (TFMS), Time-Based Flow Management (TBFM), and the Terminal Flight Data Manager (TFDM) tools to enable TBO across the NAS. The overall concept incorporates operator priorities and preferences in a service-oriented approach to managing complex, high demand airports.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"63 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121013095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Airworthiness certification of Civil aircraft based on Digital virtual flight test technology","authors":"Xiaoqin Liu, Gang Xiao, Miao Wang, Hongyu Li","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081641","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of airworthiness certification for civil aircraft, safety of flight test is the primary precondition for the staff of flight test organization to carry out its work. However, in traditional flight test process, especially in the high-risk flight test subjects, means to ensure flight safety are relatively limited. In addition, the time-consuming flight test cycle and enormous testing points lead to huge time cost and economic cost of civil aircraft in the process of airworthiness certification. In order to solve the above problems, a testing compliance verification method based on digital virtual flight test technology is proposed in this paper. The method has great significance for reducing risk and ensuring safety of flight test. And the number of testing points and costs incurred in flight tests can be greatly depleted if this method is adopted. Moreover, it can also improve the scientific and efficiency of flight test. Digital flight test technology mentioned above refers to carry out human-machine closed-loop simulation of specific assessment flight task by using digital computers. It is based on the mathematical modeling of aircraft dynamics, structure, avionics system and so on, and combined with the pilot model or human-in-the-loop method. According to the simulation results, whether the operation, maneuverability and safety of aircraft flight can meet the airworthiness requirements are investigated. In view of the above idea, digital virtual flight test model and the pilot model should be established to verify the influence of the introduction of digital flight test technology, respectively. Taking stall speed subject as an example, each test point is repeated 6 times in the process of qualified certification of a certain type of aircraft, a total of 228 tests are required. If all test points are completed by means of the conformity test method and 80% of test points are re-tested at the qualification stage (another 20% are in parallel flight test), a total of 400 flight tests should be carried out to meet the requirements. If the repeat flight test points are reduced to less than 15%, the number of flight test in this subject can be reduced from 400 to 260. If the high realistic model and reliable simulation data are used as an effective supplement, the number of flight test in this subject could be reduced from 260 to 40. If only the most extreme testing point being selected for flight testing, and only 1–2 repetitions are needed for each test point, the number of flight test can be reduced from 40 to less than 10. From this set of data, it can be fully seen that using airworthiness certification method has a positive role in ensuring the safety of flight testing. It also has great significance to reduce the number of flight test points, especially for high-risk flight test subject. Meanwhile, the efficiency of airworthiness certification for civil aircraft can also be greatly improved. Therefore, the simulated result in ","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122716348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration and Flight Test of Small UAS Detect and Avoid on A Miniaturized Avionics Platform","authors":"J. Lopez, L. Ren, B. Meng, R. Fisher, J. Markham, Michael Figard, Richard K. Evans, Ryan Spoelhof, Michael Rubenstahl, Scott Edwards, Igor Pedan, Clark W. Barrett","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081780","url":null,"abstract":"Detect and avoid (DAA) all other aircraft is a critical component to enable small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations. Derived from the version of Airborne Collision Avoidance System X (ACAS X) for large UAS (ACAS Xu), a new member of the ACAS X family for sUAS (ACAS sXu) is being developed by the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) Traffic-Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) Program Office. ACAS sXu is intended to provide both collision avoidance (CA) and remain well clear (RWC) capabilities with both vertical and horizontal advisories for the remote pilot in command (RPIC) and/or automated response system onboard the aircraft. ACAS sXu is envisioned to utilize a standard logic to serve sUASs with different equipages and operating in different airspace domains. The standard ACAS sXu logic may be hosted either in the embedded environment on board the sUAS vehicle or in a Cloud environment such as a UAS traffic management (UTM) Service Suppler (USS) platform. It may be integrated with surveillance sources such as Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B), the anticipated remote identification (remote ID) tracking, networked/shared telemetry, airborne surveillance radar, and ground based surveillance radar, for both cooperative and non-cooperative intruders. To demonstrate proof of concept, gather surveillance data, verify simulation environment, and characterize early logic performance, the FAA and industry partners integrated DAA systems featuring the ACAS sXu logic Version 0, in both embedded environments and a Cloud environment, and successfully conducted a week-long flight test in October 2018 at the New York UAS Test Site in Rome, NY. This paper presents the integration of the sUAS DAA on a miniaturized avionics platform and flight test with a fixed-wing sUAS platform.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131462792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flight Demonstration of Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) at Technical Capability Level 3","authors":"Arwa S. Aweiss, J. Homola, J. Rios, Jaewoo Jung, Marcus Johnson, J. Mercer, Hemil C. Modi, Edgar Torres, A. Ishihara","doi":"10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC43569.2019.9081718","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of the Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) effort at NASA is to enable access to low-altitude airspace for small UAS. This goal is being achieved partly through partnerships that NASA has developed with the FAA, other government agencies, the UAS stakeholder community, and the designated FAA UAS Test Sites. This paper reports the technical and operational capabilities demonstrated during the UTM flight demonstration, March 6 through May 30, 2018. The demonstration featured geographically diverse operations, involving FAA UAS Test Sites in Alaska, Nevada, New York, North Dakota, Texas and Virginia. The demonstration leveraged the contributions of 30 partner organizations serving as UAS service suppliers, UAS operators, and/or providers of sensors, surveillance, connectivity, and management roles. Utilizing the UTM architecture developed at NASA, the demonstration explored 11 use cases for small UAS operations to highlight UTM capabilities at what NASA calls “Technical Capability Level (TCL) 3.” TCL 3 is characterized by multiple small UAS safely operating in moderately populated areas and beyond the visual line of sight of their operators. The TCL 3 flights demonstrated the basic feasibility of such operations in the UTM environment, including USS exchanges; communication, navigation and surveillance functions; sense and avoid capabilities; and technologies and procedures to enable them.","PeriodicalId":129864,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"23 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113939296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}