基于数字虚拟试飞技术的民机适航审定研究

Xiaoqin Liu, Gang Xiao, Miao Wang, Hongyu Li
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在民机适航审定过程中,试飞安全是试飞机构工作人员开展工作的首要前提。然而,在传统的飞行试验过程中,特别是在高风险的飞行试验科目中,确保飞行安全的手段相对有限。此外,飞行试验周期长,试验点多,导致民机适航审定过程中的时间成本和经济成本巨大。为了解决上述问题,本文提出了一种基于数字虚拟飞行试验技术的测试符合性验证方法。该方法对降低飞行试验风险,保证飞行试验安全具有重要意义。采用该方法可以大大减少飞行试验中的测试点数量和成本。此外,还可以提高飞行试验的科学性和效率。上述数字飞行试验技术是指利用数字计算机对特定的评估飞行任务进行人机闭环仿真。它以飞机动力学、结构、航电系统等数学建模为基础,与飞行员模型或人在环法相结合。根据仿真结果,对飞机飞行的操作性、机动性和安全性是否满足适航要求进行了研究。基于以上思路,分别建立数字化虚拟飞行试验模型和飞行员模型,验证数字化飞行试验技术引入的影响。以失速速度科目为例,某型飞机在合格审定过程中,每个测试点重复6次,共需要进行228次测试。如果所有测试点都采用符合性测试方法完成,并且80%的测试点在合格阶段重新测试(另外20%为平行飞行测试),则需要进行400次飞行测试才能满足要求。如果将重复飞行测试点减少到15%以下,该学科的飞行测试次数可以从400次减少到260次。如果采用高逼真度的模型和可靠的仿真数据作为有效补充,本课题的飞行试验次数可以从260次减少到40次。如果只选择最极端的测试点进行飞行测试,每个测试点只需要重复1-2次,那么飞行测试的次数可以从40次减少到10次以下。从这组数据可以充分看出,采用适航审定方法对保证飞行试验安全具有积极作用。减少飞行试验点的数量,特别是对于高风险的飞行试验科目,具有重要的意义。同时,也可以大大提高民机适航审定效率。因此,本文的仿真结果可以为民机适航审定提供重要的理论参考。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Research on Airworthiness certification of Civil aircraft based on Digital virtual flight test technology
In the process of airworthiness certification for civil aircraft, safety of flight test is the primary precondition for the staff of flight test organization to carry out its work. However, in traditional flight test process, especially in the high-risk flight test subjects, means to ensure flight safety are relatively limited. In addition, the time-consuming flight test cycle and enormous testing points lead to huge time cost and economic cost of civil aircraft in the process of airworthiness certification. In order to solve the above problems, a testing compliance verification method based on digital virtual flight test technology is proposed in this paper. The method has great significance for reducing risk and ensuring safety of flight test. And the number of testing points and costs incurred in flight tests can be greatly depleted if this method is adopted. Moreover, it can also improve the scientific and efficiency of flight test. Digital flight test technology mentioned above refers to carry out human-machine closed-loop simulation of specific assessment flight task by using digital computers. It is based on the mathematical modeling of aircraft dynamics, structure, avionics system and so on, and combined with the pilot model or human-in-the-loop method. According to the simulation results, whether the operation, maneuverability and safety of aircraft flight can meet the airworthiness requirements are investigated. In view of the above idea, digital virtual flight test model and the pilot model should be established to verify the influence of the introduction of digital flight test technology, respectively. Taking stall speed subject as an example, each test point is repeated 6 times in the process of qualified certification of a certain type of aircraft, a total of 228 tests are required. If all test points are completed by means of the conformity test method and 80% of test points are re-tested at the qualification stage (another 20% are in parallel flight test), a total of 400 flight tests should be carried out to meet the requirements. If the repeat flight test points are reduced to less than 15%, the number of flight test in this subject can be reduced from 400 to 260. If the high realistic model and reliable simulation data are used as an effective supplement, the number of flight test in this subject could be reduced from 260 to 40. If only the most extreme testing point being selected for flight testing, and only 1–2 repetitions are needed for each test point, the number of flight test can be reduced from 40 to less than 10. From this set of data, it can be fully seen that using airworthiness certification method has a positive role in ensuring the safety of flight testing. It also has great significance to reduce the number of flight test points, especially for high-risk flight test subject. Meanwhile, the efficiency of airworthiness certification for civil aircraft can also be greatly improved. Therefore, the simulated result in the paper can provide important theoretical reference for civil aircraft airworthiness certification.
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