High altitude medicine & biology最新文献

{"title":"Temporal Effects of Hypoxia Exposure at High Altitudes on Compensatory Brain Function: Evidence from Functional Connectivity of Resting-State EEG Brain Networks.","authors":"Hong Ren, Xi-Yue Yang, Rui Su, HaiLin Ma, Hao Li","doi":"10.1089/ham.2024.0063","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2024.0063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ren, Hong, Xi-Yue Yang, Rui Su, HaiLin Ma, and Hao Li. Temporal effects of hypoxia exposure at high altitudes on compensatory brain function: evidence from functional connectivity of resting-state EEG brain networks. <i>High Alt Med Biol.</i> 26:165-174, 2025. <b><i>Background:</i></b> The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged exposure to hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude on changes in brain function measured by electroencephalography (EEG), focusing specifically on the resting-state brain network functional connectivity and compensatory adaptations in brain function among individuals with varying durations of high altitude residency. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In study I, 64 participants were divided into high-altitude group (HG) and low-altitude group (LG). Ninety-six long-term migrants residing at an altitude of 3,650 m were recruited for studyII and categorized into three groups based on their duration of stay at high altitude: group A (1-2 years), group B (8-10 years), and group C (18-20 years). Resting-state EEG data were collected from each participant, and functional connectivity analysis was conducted using Phase Locking Value. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Study I showed that participants with HG had stronger functional connectivity in the occipital lobe than those with LG (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The study II findings indicate that there were significant differences in functional connectivity strength among the frontal and occipital lobes in groups A, B, and C across the α, β, δ, and θ frequency bands. Specifically, the functional connectivity strength of the frontal lobe was significantly higher in group A compared with group B, and in group B compared with group C (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, the functional connectivity of the occipital lobe was significantly higher in group C compared with group B, and in group B compared with group A (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The consistent results of the whole frequency band suggest that the individual's occipital lobe function is enhanced to compensate for the damage of frontal lobe function, so as to better adapt to the extreme environment at high altitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":"165-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Environmental Impact of a High-Altitude Medical Research Expedition.","authors":"Kelsey E Joyce, Catherine A Campbell, Arthur R Bradwell, Samuel J E Lucas, Christopher T Lewis, Rebekah A I Lucas, Mark Edsell","doi":"10.1089/ham.2024.0049","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2024.0049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Joyce, Kelsey E., Catherine A. Campbell, Arthur R. Bradwell, Samuel J.E. Lucas, Christopher T. Lewis, Rebekah A.I. Lucas, and Mark Edsell; for the Birmingham Medical Research Expeditionary Society (BMRES). The environmental impact of a high-altitude medical research expedition. <i>High Alt Med Biol.</i> 26:140-147, 2025. <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Scientists must begin examining the environmental cost(s) of their research. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a component of the environmental impact of a high-altitude medical research expedition by totaling the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions calculated from as many direct and indirect sources as possible. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Eighteen individuals flew from London to Bagdogra (via Delhi), and then drove onward to Lachung (via Gangtok) where they began their ascent on foot to 4,800 m (Kanchenjunga National Park, Sikkim). Several research experiments were conducted throughout the expedition, which required use of a laboratory centrifuge, solid CO₂ (specimen storage), rechargeable laptop computers and battery-powered oximeters. International Civil Aviation Organization calculators estimated aviation CO₂ production. Land emissions were calculated for <i>Mahindra</i> vehicles. Solid waste was weighed and CO₂ emissions estimated for its incineration. <b><i>Results</i>:</b> Total CO₂ emissions equated to ∼16.7 tonnes from the following sources: air and land transportation of expedition team (87.3%); sublimation and transportation of solid CO₂ (7.7%), waste incineration (0.58%), generator transportation and gasoline (12 l) combustion (0.48%), and battery transportation (3.3%). <b><i>Conclusions</i>:</b> Air travel contributed the most to the overall environmental cost of the research expedition. Further investigation is required to contextualize these findings in relation to lab-based alternative(s).</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":"140-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Associations with the Susceptibility to High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema in the Japanese Population.","authors":"Yunden Droma, Masao Ota, Nobumitsu Kobayashi, Michiko Ito, Toshio Kobayashi, Masayuki Hanaoka","doi":"10.1089/ham.2024.0119","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2024.0119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yunden Droma, Masao Ota, Nobumitsu Kobayashi, Michiko Ito, Toshio Kobayashi, and Masayuki Hanaoka. Genetic associations with the susceptibility to high-altitude Pulmonary Edema in the Japanese population. <i>High Alt Med Biol.</i> 26:215-226, 2025.-High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a life-threatening, noncardiogenic pulmonary condition that may occur in individuals rapidly ascending to altitudes higher than 2,500 m above sea level. Exaggerated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension plays a critical role in its pathophysiological mechanism. In addition to environmental factors such as hypoxia and hypobaria at high altitudes, individual genetic predisposition significantly influences HAPE occurrence. Several candidate genes have been proposed based on the pathophysiology of HAPE, particularly involving the hypoxia-induced factor pathway and vasodilators/vasoconstrictors. Over the past two decades, we have investigated the associations between susceptibility to HAPE and these candidate genes, including genes <i>EPAS1</i> (endothelial Per-ARNT-Sim [PAS] domain protein 1), <i>EGLN1</i> (egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1), <i>eNOS</i> (endothelial nitric oxide synthase), <i>ACE</i> (angiotensin-converting enzyme), and <i>TIMP3</i> (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3) in the Japanese population. This review summarizes the major findings of these studies, shedding light on genetic associations with HAPE in the Japanese population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":"215-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of High Altitude on Children's Sleep: A Community-Based Study on Preschoolers in the Tibetan Plateau.","authors":"Ping Su, Masako Taniike, Yuko Ohno, Ikuko Mohri","doi":"10.1089/ham.2024.0106","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2024.0106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Su, Ping, Masako Taniike, Yuko Ohno, and Ikuko Mohri. The effects of high altitude on children's sleep: a community-based study on preschoolers in the Tibetan Plateau. <i>High Alt Med Biol.</i> 26:187-194, 2025. <b><i>Objective/Background:</i></b> It has been reported that high altitude affects breathing during sleep in children. To evaluate the symptoms suspected sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and sleep quality of preschool children living in high altitude of 2,261-3,800 m above sea level (masl) in the Tibetan Plateau, we conducted the community-based survey using a questionnaire. <b><i>Patients/Methods:</i></b> Sleep problems were assessed in 3,113 children aged 3-6 years in Qinghai province using the Chinese version of the Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Preschoolers (JSQ-P-C), focusing on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and OSA-related symptoms. The effect of altitude on these scores was analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The subscale scores of OSA, morning symptoms, and daytime excessive sleepiness in the JSQ-P-C were higher in children living in areas above 3,000 masl than in those living below 3,000 masl and in Japanese children. Altitude, but not family income or maternal education level, significantly affected the scores of OSA, morning symptoms, and daytime excessive sleepiness. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Living at altitudes higher than 3,000 masl may adversely affect children's sleep quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":"187-194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Hypobaric Hypoxia Stimulates Differential Expression of Cognitive Proteins in Hippocampal Tissue.","authors":"Yaqi Wan, Ri-Li Ge, Yaxin Cao, Lan Luo, Weizhong Ji","doi":"10.1089/ham.2024.0105","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2024.0105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wan, Yaqi, Ri-li Ge, Yaxin Cao, Lan Luo, and Weizhong Ji. Chronic hypobaric hypoxia stimulates differential expression of cognitive proteins in hippocampal tissue. <i>High Alt Med Biol.</i> 26:175-186, 2025. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We aimed to determine changes in cognitive function resulting from chronic hypobaric hypoxia through proteomic analysis of hippocampal tissue. We screened cognition-related proteins to provide ideas and directions that could help prevent and treat hypoxia-associated cognitive impairment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We analyzed hippocampal tissues from mice exposed to high altitudes and control mice using 4 D label-free quantitative proteomics. The data were analyzed by protein quantitative analysis, functional annotation, differential protein screening, clustering analyses, and functional classification and enrichment. Differential protein expression was investigated using targeted quantitative omics based on parallel response monitoring. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We identified and quantified 20 target proteins in 12 samples, of which 18 were significant validated proteins that were or might be related to cognitive functions. Signaling pathways that were significantly enriched in differentially expressed proteins were pyrimidine metabolism, 5'-Adenosine Triphosphate-activated protein kinase signaling, phospholipase D signaling, purine metabolism, inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential channels, hedgehog signaling pathways, dilated cardiomyopathy, platelet activation, insulin resistance, mRNA surveillance pathways, drug metabolism-other enzymes, and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Chronic hypoxia alters protein expression in murine hippocampal tissues. Eighteen differentially expressed cognition-related proteins might be related to cognitive impairment in mice exposed to chronic high-altitude hypoxia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":"175-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Oxygen on the Annie Smith Peck Expedition of 1903 to 6,367 m (20,892 ft) Mount Sorata (Illampu).","authors":"Harvey V Lankford, Hannah Kimberley","doi":"10.1089/ham.2024.0098","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ham.2024.0098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lankford, Harvey V., and Hannah Kimberley. Supplemental oxygen on the Annie Smith Peck Expedition of 1903 to 6,367 m (20,892 ft) Mount Sorata (Illampu). <i>High Alt Med Biol.</i> 26:227-235, 2025.-The 1903 expedition to 6,367 m (20,892 ft) Mount Sorata (Illampu) in Bolivia that was conceived, organized, and led by American mountaineer Annie Smith Peck appears to have been the first to take a supplemental oxygen apparatus to a great mountain. The expedition did not have heavy cylinders of compressed oxygen or closed-circuit rebreathers with chemically generated oxygen but took an apparatus to produce oxygen on the mountain apparently by a 19th century heated chlorate chemical method. Oxygen was to be manufactured in camp, stored in rubber bags, and used with an open-circuit breathing set while climbing. The equipment was taken, but once in Bolivia, a late change in plans resulted in a summit attempt on 6,427 m (21,086 ft) Ancohuma rather than Illampu on the twin-peaked Sorata massif. The summit attempt ended prematurely at 4,700 m (15,350 ft), and the oxygen system was not used. The present paper reviews some of the supplemental oxygen options that were available in 1903 and examines the Sorata expedition, a little-known part of the early history of mountaineering oxygen use.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":"227-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological, Sleep, and Heart Rate Variability Responses During Early- and Middle-Term Acclimatization of \"Living High-Training Low and High\".","authors":"Thibaud Pirlot, Thibaud Mihailovic, Philippe Gimenez, Grégoire P Millet, Franck Brocherie, Eric Fruchart, Gilles Ravier, Bertrand Baron, Romain Bouzigon, Sandrine Guirronnet, Emmanuel Brunet, Alain Groslambert","doi":"10.1089/ham.2024.0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ham.2024.0118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pirlot, Thibaud, Thibaud Mihailovic, Philippe Gimenez, Grégoire P Millet, Franck Brocherie, Eric Fruchart, Gilles Ravier, Romain Baron, Sandrine Bouzigon, Emmanuel Guirronnet, Alain Brunet, and Alain Groslambert. Psychological, sleep, and heart rate variability responses during early- and middle-term acclimatization of \"Living High-Training Low and High\". <i>High Alt Med Biol.</i> 00:00-00, 2025. <b><i>Background:</i></b> This study investigated the relationships between psychological responses, sleep, and heart rate variability (HRV) before and during a \"living high-training low and high\" (LHTLH) camp. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Ten elite female cyclists (mean ± SD, age = 17.3 ± 1.2 years, VO₂max = 54.9 ± 6.9 ml·min/kg) were monitored for 19 days divided into three periods: (1) normoxia (5 days preceding LHTLH), (2) early acclimatization period (days 1-4 of LHTLH), and (3) middle acclimatization period (days 5-14 of LHTLH) in normobaric hypoxic chambers set at a simulated altitude of 2,800 m. During the intervention, their training load (TL), sleep disturbance, psychological (stress, activation state, and perseverance) and physiological responses (sleep architecture, nocturnal peripheral oxygen saturation [SpO₂], and HRV) were monitored. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In normoxia, no significant correlations were observed between TL and any psychological and physiological responses. However, in the early acclimatization period, significant correlations were found between sleep disturbance and SpO₂ (<i>r</i> = -0.83, <i>p</i> < 0.005) and between achieving objectives and HRV (<i>r</i> = -0.91, <i>p</i> < 0.005). In the middle acclimatization period, significant correlations were found between the feeling during training and SpO₂ (<i>r</i> = 0.83; <i>p</i> < 0.005). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This indicates that LHTLH exacerbates the psychophysiological interactions during the early acclimatization period that disappear during the middle acclimatization period while others appear.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144158234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of High-Altitude Renal Syndrome Mainly Manifested as IgA Nephropathy.","authors":"Lei Zhang, Er-Chao Feng, Ji Cang, Qing De","doi":"10.1089/ham.2025.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ham.2025.0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reports a case of a 30-year-old male patient with \"low back pain for 1 year, aggravated for 2 months.\" Laboratory and imaging examinations, as well as renal biopsy pathological analysis, were carried out. The patient was diagnosed with high-altitude renal syndrome complicated by IgA nephropathy. After treatment with optimized supportive therapy combined with specific drugs for high-altitude diseases, the patient's condition improved significantly. This case provides a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of similar cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Altitude on Polycythemia Vera: Is it Necessary to Change Limits?","authors":"Istemi Serin, Ahmet Unal, Arzu Dobral, Fatma Elif Eroglu, Erdem Ayik, Jale Oz Unal, Mehmet Barış Cengiz, Okan Kati, Toros Taskin, Vural Bastug, Abdulkadir Karismaz","doi":"10.1089/ham.2025.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ham.2025.0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serin, Istemi, Ahmet Unal, Arzu Dobral, Fatma Elif Eroglu, Erdem Ayik, Jale Oz Unal, Mehmet Barış Cengiz, Okan Kati, Toros Taskin, Vural Bastug, and Abdulkadir Karismaz. The effect of altitude on polycythemia vera: Is it necessary to change limits? <i>High Alt Med Biol</i>. 00:00-00, 2025. <b><i>Background:</i></b> Polycythemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative disease characterized by high hemoglobin/hematocrit levels accompanied by <i>JAK2</i> mutations. In this study, we aimed to establish a new hemoglobin cut-off value for the diagnosis and further evaluation of PV, taking into account the altitude of the regions where patients reside. In addition, we sought to examine the impact of altitude on patients diagnosed with PV and secondary polycythemia (SP) within our case series. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients living in Istanbul and Agri who were evaluated for PV at the hematology outpatient clinic of Istanbul and Agri Training and Research Hospitals between January 20, 2023, and January 20, 2024, were included in the study. The average altitude of the center of Agri is 1,630 m, while the center of Istanbul is 30 m. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean altitude of residence for individuals diagnosed with PV was 326 ± 259 m, whereas it was significantly higher at 1,065 ± 675 m in the SP subgroup (<i>p</i> < 0.001). However, in subgroup analyses of patients with PV and SP, altitude was not a significant factor influencing hemoglobin levels. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our study results did not support the use of different hemoglobin cut-off values or correction factors for further evaluation of PV in patients living at different altitudes. Our results might not be applicable to altitudes higher than those we examined.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"V̇O₂max, an Important Determinant of Success when Climbing High Mountains.","authors":"Martin Burtscher","doi":"10.1089/ham.2025.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ham.2025.0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Burtscher, Martin.V̇O₂max, an important determinant of success when climbing high mountains. <i>High Alt Med Biol.</i> 00:00-00, 2025.-Trekking and climbing at high altitudes without the use of supplemental oxygen require high baseline aerobic performance, i.e., maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O₂max), primarily due to the loss of V̇O₂max with increasing altitude. Thus, basic individual performance (at low altitude) becomes particularly important. This fact is often underestimated, which may fail to reach the summit and could be associated with increased risks of accidents and emergencies. However, timely training preparation and aligning the planned mountaineering goal to individual performance can reduce risk and disappointment on the mountain.</p>","PeriodicalId":12975,"journal":{"name":"High altitude medicine & biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}