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Evaluating a Public Health Assessment and Response Framework: SARS-CoV-2 Spread Under the Controlled Distancing Model of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 评估公共卫生评估和应对框架：巴西南巴西大德州控制距离模式下的SARS-CoV-2传播

IF 2.1 4区医学

Health Security Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0191

Ricardo Rohweder, Lavinia Schuler-Faccini, Gonçalo Ferraz

{"title":"Evaluating a Public Health Assessment and Response Framework: SARS-CoV-2 Spread Under the Controlled Distancing Model of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.","authors":"Ricardo Rohweder, Lavinia Schuler-Faccini, Gonçalo Ferraz","doi":"10.1089/hs.2023.0191","DOIUrl":"10.1089/hs.2023.0191","url":null,"abstract":"In early 2020, to halt the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the state government of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil established a public health assessment and response framework known as a \"controlled distancing model.\" Using this framework, the government divided the state into 21 regions and evaluated them against a composite index of disease transmission and health service capacity. Regions were assessed using a color-coded scale of flags that was updated on a weekly basis and used to guide the adoption of nonpharmaceutical interventions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the extent to which the controlled distancing model accurately assessed transmission and the effectiveness of its responses throughout 2020. We estimated the weekly effective reproduction number (Rt) of SARS-CoV-2 for each region using a renewal equation-based statistical model of notified COVID-19 deaths. Using Rt estimates, we explored whether flag colors assigned by the controlled distancing model either reflected or affected SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Results showed that flag assignments did reflect variations in Rt to a limited extent, but we found no evidence that they affected Rt in the short term. Medium-term effects were apparent in only 4 regions after 8 or more weeks of red flag assignment. Analysis of Google movement metrics showed no evidence that people moved differently under different flags. The dissociation between flag colors and the propagation of SARS-CoV-2 does not call into question the effectiveness of nonpharmaceutical interventions. Our results show, however, that decisions made under the controlled distancing model framework were ineffective both at influencing the movement of people and halting the spread of the virus.","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"24-34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing Systematic Change in the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS): Early Implementation of the US Department of Defense NDMS Pilot Program. 推进国家灾难医疗系统（NDMS）的系统变革：美国国防部 NDMS 试点计划的早期实施。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Health Security Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0179

Eric C Deussing, Emily R Post, Clark J Lee, Adeteju A Adeniji, Allyson R Sison, Michelle M Kimball, Alison Ng, Clemia Anderson, Jeffrey D Freeman, Thomas D Kirsch

引用次数: 0

High-Consequence Infectious Diseases, Bioterrorism, and the Imperative for International and US Biosecurity and Biosafety Frameworks for Biocontainment Clinical Laboratories. 高后果传染病、生物恐怖主义以及国际和美国生物安保和生物安全框架对生物封闭临床实验室的必要性。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Health Security Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0164

Syra Madad, Jessica L Jacobson, Rebecca R Caruso, Jake Dunning

引用次数: 0

A Century of Assessment: The Collection of Biothreat Risk Assessments (COBRA). 百年评估：生物威胁风险评估集 (COBRA)。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Health Security Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2024.0028

Michael T Parker, Claire Atkerson, Sofia Fox, Minoli P Ediriweera, Elise H Gallentine, Megan Martinsen

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Special Pathogen Preparedness Through Exercises: Navigating Dual Quarantine Activations. 通过演习加强特殊病原体的防范：引导双重检疫激活。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Health Security Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0154

Morgan A Shradar, Jackson Gruber, Michael C Wadman, Dwight Ferguson, John J Lowe, Jill S Cunningham, Joe Lamana, Shelly Schwedhelm, James Lawler, Christopher J Kratochvil, Angela Vasa

{"title":"Enhancing Special Pathogen Preparedness Through Exercises: Navigating Dual Quarantine Activations.","authors":"Morgan A Shradar, Jackson Gruber, Michael C Wadman, Dwight Ferguson, John J Lowe, Jill S Cunningham, Joe Lamana, Shelly Schwedhelm, James Lawler, Christopher J Kratochvil, Angela Vasa","doi":"10.1089/hs.2023.0154","DOIUrl":"10.1089/hs.2023.0154","url":null,"abstract":"This case study describes findings from an exercise conducted in April 2023 to assess the readiness of the National Quarantine Unit (NQU) and identify opportunities for improvement. The exercise is part of a multiyear effort to assess the readiness of quarantine and transport capabilities at the NQU through annual workshops, discussion-based exercises, and functional and full-scale exercises. The April 2023 exercise tested interagency coordination and decisionmaking, transport of individuals for monitoring, quarantine unit operations, and escalation of care for symptomatic individuals out of quarantine to high-level isolation units in the United States. Findings showed that collaboration and engagement of local, state, and national organizations increases awareness of novel and emerging high-consequence infectious disease pathogens and enhances capabilities and capacity for patient transport. It also improves timely and efficient diagnostic testing and increases the availability of dedicated assets to support activation and mobilization of the NQU, the Regional Emerging Special Pathogen Treatment Center network, and the future national special pathogen system of care. Given the changing landscape of emerging special pathogens, an objective evaluation of the state of readiness is an essential element of preparedness and response.","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"429-436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How the IHR (2005) Shaped the COVID-19 Pandemic Response in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: What Went Well and What Did Not. 《国际卫生条例（2005）》如何影响东地中海地区应对COVID-19大流行：哪些进展顺利，哪些进展不顺利

IF 2.1 4区医学

Health Security Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2024.0011

Mohamed Elhakim, Ramy Mohamed Ghazy, Dalia Samhouri

{"title":"How the IHR (2005) Shaped the COVID-19 Pandemic Response in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: What Went Well and What Did Not.","authors":"Mohamed Elhakim, Ramy Mohamed Ghazy, Dalia Samhouri","doi":"10.1089/hs.2024.0011","DOIUrl":"10.1089/hs.2024.0011","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of the International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005) in addressing global health emergencies. This review aims to improve healthcare system capabilities, future preparedness, and actions in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, particularly in low-resource areas. The IHR, established in 1969, initially focused on 6 diseases but has since expanded to include a wider range of public health threats. These regulations establish a globally recognized legal framework that is applicable to all 196 states parties, including all 194 World Health Organization member states. The IHR prioritize the prevention, protection, and control of global disease transmission while minimizing unwarranted disruptions to international travel and commerce. Nonetheless, the response to COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region revealed a range of deficiencies despite the regulatory strengths. Some countries encountered challenges in fully complying with their IHR obligations, particularly in terms of preparedness, and occasional geopolitical tensions obstructed international collaboration. The pandemic experience underscores the need for improved trust, resource allocation, and regulatory revisions to address upcoming global health challenges. This case study highlights positive aspects of the pandemic response, including the swift exchange of information and global cooperation, while also recognizing shortcomings, such as delays in reporting and unequal vaccine access. In summary, the COVID-19 pandemic underscores the urgency of subsequent updates to the IHR or comparable accords, such as the IHR amendments and the pandemic treaty, to rectify these deficiencies. Updates should place a greater emphasis on transparency, cultivating trust, enhancing preparedness, and establishing mechanisms that incentivize comprehensive compliance among all participating nations.","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"437-444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metagenomic Sequencing for Early Detection of Future Engineered Pandemics: Foreshadowing the Privacy Challenge. 早期检测未来工程流行病的宏基因组测序：预示隐私挑战。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Health Security Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0140

Nir Eyal, Bridget Williams, Kevin M Esvelt, Jane Bambauer

引用次数: 0

Global High-Consequence Infectious Disease Readiness and Response: An Inventory of High-Level Isolation Units. 全球严重传染病的准备和应对：高级隔离单位清单》。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Health Security Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0168

Katie L Stern, Lauren M Sauer, Christa Arguinchona, Jake Dunning, Wael ElRayes, Poh Lian Lim, Shawn Vasoo, Jocelyn J Herstein

{"title":"Global High-Consequence Infectious Disease Readiness and Response: An Inventory of High-Level Isolation Units.","authors":"Katie L Stern, Lauren M Sauer, Christa Arguinchona, Jake Dunning, Wael ElRayes, Poh Lian Lim, Shawn Vasoo, Jocelyn J Herstein","doi":"10.1089/hs.2023.0168","DOIUrl":"10.1089/hs.2023.0168","url":null,"abstract":"High-level isolation units (HLIUs) are facilities strategically outfitted to receive patients with suspected or confirmed high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs). Although most HCID outbreaks occur in low- and middle-income countries, global travel and migration and the deployment of healthcare workers to global outbreaks have led to the occurrence of HCIDs in high-income countries that requires the activation of an HLIU. Despite the existence of HLIUs worldwide, there has been little collaboration between units at the international level. This study reviews the results of a descriptive survey of global HLIUs conducted between December 2022 and February 2023. The purpose of the survey was to identify traits and attributes of global HLIU peers to determine commonalities and differences among the units, identify priorities for increased networking, and inform future activities among global partners. Findings from this survey demonstrate the array of similarities and differences among HLIUs across the globe, indicate potential areas of further investigation, and identify areas in which alignment could be improved and global standards could be created.","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"422-428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Findings and Recommendations From a Series of Workshops on Hospital Emergency Responses to an Improvised Nuclear Device Detonation. 临时核装置爆炸的医院应急反应系列讲习班的调查结果和建议。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Health Security Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0106

Mark L Maiello, Jenna Mandel-Ricci

{"title":"Findings and Recommendations From a Series of Workshops on Hospital Emergency Responses to an Improvised Nuclear Device Detonation.","authors":"Mark L Maiello, Jenna Mandel-Ricci","doi":"10.1089/hs.2023.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2023.0106","url":null,"abstract":"The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and the Greater New York Hospital Association held 3 workshops and 2 follow-up meetings with hospital emergency managers and colleagues to determine hospitals' response actions to a scenario of a 10-kiloton improvised nuclear device detonation. The scenario incorporated 3 zones of damage (moderate, light, and beyond damage zones) and covered the period of 0 to 72 hours postdetonation divided into 3 24-hour operational periods. The Joint Commission's critical emergency areas were used to determine the objectives and response actions that would be initiated. The response actions were motivated by the resource-constrained clinical situation demanding the rationing of supplies and the application of crisis standards of care. Actions included seeking situational awareness concerning the incident and maintaining a safe and secure working environment. Due to the severance of the medical material supply chain and the levels of destruction, inner damage zone hospitals considered termination of operations and evacuation. Beyond damage zone hospitals prepared to receive patients from the inner damage zone facilities. However, these plans would not be fully successful without a significant amount of logistical aid from outside local or regional partners. Four broad planning areas with outside partners emerged from the follow-up meetings: staffing, resupply, communications/situational awareness, and guidance. Dwindling resources will require a plan for rationing and implementing crisis standards of care and maintaining staff morale. Communications efforts need to include a formalized plan with scheduled broadcast times and identified sources of authority for hospitals to acquire and disseminate information. Information about fallout radiation, instructions for measuring contamination, and guidance for triaging and diagnosing acute radiation sickness are also needed.","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":"22 6","pages":"409-421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thank You to Our Reviewers. 感谢我们的审稿人。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Health Security Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2024.10830.revack

引用次数: 0