Health SecurityPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-05-07DOI: 10.1177/23265094261449706
Meghan F Davis, Erin M Sorrell
{"title":"One Health, One Future: Bridging Health Security.","authors":"Meghan F Davis, Erin M Sorrell","doi":"10.1177/23265094261449706","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261449706","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"93-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Health SecurityPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-04-06DOI: 10.1177/23265094261428672
David B Resnik
{"title":"Transparent Journal Review of Dual Use Research of Concern.","authors":"David B Resnik","doi":"10.1177/23265094261428672","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261428672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the key points of agreement emerging from the contentious scientific and public debate about oversight of dual use research of concern (DURC) in the biological sciences is the importance of transparency for promoting public trust and accountability. Transparency is one of the pillars of President Trump's executive order \"Improving the Safety and Security of Biological Research\" and the National Institutes of Health's new policy concerning the operation of institutional biosafety committees. Although previous federal policies have also emphasized transparency, it has become abundantly clear to many commentators, biosafety activists, and government leaders that these policies did not go far enough, and that enhancing transparency is essential for ensuring ethical oversight of DURC. In this commentary, I advocate for transparency with respect to journal review of DURC research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"191-194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Systematic Framework for Interpreting Laboratory-Confirmed Infectious Disease Surveillance Data: A Pragmatic Scenario-Based Approach.","authors":"Yuzo Arima, Kazuhiko Kanou, Hirofumi Kato, Tamano Matsui, Ayu Kasamatsu, Takeshi Arashiro, Yusuke Kobayashi, Reiko Shimbashi, Osamu Takahara, Yuuki Tsuchihashi, Katsuhiro Komase, Takuri Takahashi, Taro Kamigaki, Motoi Suzuki","doi":"10.1177/23265094261435869","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261435869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In infectious disease surveillance, laboratory-confirmed case counts and test positivity (proportion of tests positive for the target pathogen) are commonly used to monitor disease activity. However, these test-based data are affected not only by disease incidence but also by testing intensity, often making interpretations difficult. To help address this challenge, we present a generalizable, systematic framework that considers the number of tests performed, number of test-positive counts, and test positivity. With explicit consideration of ascertainment bias, we explain why all 3 indicators should be used to improve data interpretation, situational assessment, and communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"183-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147769871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Health SecurityPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-04-06DOI: 10.1177/23265094261428677
Matthew J Kuhn, Rachael Schulte, Edna Chiang
{"title":"A One Health Approach to Determining the Scope of Environmental <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> in the Continental United States.","authors":"Matthew J Kuhn, Rachael Schulte, Edna Chiang","doi":"10.1177/23265094261428677","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261428677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>, the causative agent of melioidosis, poses significant risks to human and animal health as an environmental pathogen with potential for misuse as a biological agent. With a recent case in the continental United States and associated positive environmental samples, there is an increasing need for a more thorough environmental surveillance program to determine the potential scope of environmental <i>B pseudomallei</i> in the continental United States. Such a biosurveillance program would be most efficient-in terms of cost, scope, and impact-when approached through the One Health framework, integrating animal and environmental biosurveillance to inform occupational, public, and veterinary health practitioners. Feral swine may serve as a valuable sentinel species due to their extensive rooting behavior in soil and widespread, invasive presence in the southern United States. Increasing their utility for <i>B pseudomallei</i> surveillance is preestablished federal and state management programs that include animal removal from the environment and pathogen testing. Other environmental sampling methods, such as surface water and wastewater surveillance, could provide sampling coverage of large geographic areas with relatively few samples and associated costs. The environmental detection of <i>B pseudomallei</i> in Mississippi underscores the need for broader biosurveillance efforts to inform the relative risk assumptions used by human and animal health practitioners to promptly diagnose patients. A comprehensive One Health strategy is essential for accurately mapping the distribution of <i>B pseudomallei</i> and ensuring effective risk management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"140-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Health SecurityPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-04-16DOI: 10.1177/23265094261435872
Shalini Singaravelu, Crystal Watson, Lauren M Sauer, Tara Kirk Sell
{"title":"Participatory Approaches to Risk Assessment Across One Health Disciplines: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Shalini Singaravelu, Crystal Watson, Lauren M Sauer, Tara Kirk Sell","doi":"10.1177/23265094261435872","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261435872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Risk assessments for emerging infectious disease threats are often conducted independently of affected communities. Participatory approaches to risk assessment present an opportunity to integrate community knowledge early in the risk-based decisionmaking process. We conducted a scoping review to understand the breadth of evidence from human, animal, and environmental health disciplines for integrating community participation in steps of the risk assessment process. A systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Ei Compendex, Embase, Web of Science, and Global Health Database identified 4993 articles, of which 138 met inclusion criteria for the review. The types of participatory approaches described in the risk assessment literature varied by degree of community involvement, types of communities engaged, and activities implemented to engage communities. There was substantial evidence from environmental contamination and climate change studies on conducting hazard and exposure assessments within a community-based participatory research model. However, examples of community participation in problem formulation, capacity assessments, data report-back, and pathway mapping were limited. Additionally, the limited examples of community-initiated and community-driven risk assessments suggest a need for improving community involvement from the earliest stages of research priority setting through all phases of data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Further research is also needed on adapting participatory approaches for emerging infectious disease risk assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"108-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Health SecurityPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-05-05DOI: 10.1177/23265094261434687
Eri Togami, Audrey D Thévenon, Elson Ian Nyl Galang, Hazel Ru Ann Yean, Nur Firdaus Isa, Carmen N Shaw, Nancy Connell, Kelvin Lim, Jeffery Peterson, Abhi Veerakumarasivam, Meghan F Davis
{"title":"Social Science Strengthens One Health: A Participatory Approach to Codevelop a Guidebook on Countering Zoonotic Spillover in Southeast Asia, 2022-2024.","authors":"Eri Togami, Audrey D Thévenon, Elson Ian Nyl Galang, Hazel Ru Ann Yean, Nur Firdaus Isa, Carmen N Shaw, Nancy Connell, Kelvin Lim, Jeffery Peterson, Abhi Veerakumarasivam, Meghan F Davis","doi":"10.1177/23265094261434687","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261434687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diseases caused by pathogens that affect animals, humans, and their shared environment (zoonoses) impact regional and global health security. Context-specific recommendations could help control animal-to-human pathogen spillover and mitigate the risk of epidemics and pandemics. Our objective is to share the codevelopment of a guidebook to counter zoonotic spillover in Southeast Asia and how participatory approaches and implementation science guided One Health actor groups towards a common goal. The project was a collaboration between the International Network for Governmental Science Advice Asia and the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Experts in disciplines including virology, bioinformatics, wildlife conservation, biodefense, epidemiology, participatory research, and implementation science codeveloped behavior change and policy recommendations. Participatory exercises, including silent reflections, role-playing, and the \"systems-thinking iceberg\" enabled dynamic discussions that helped incorporate diverse perspectives. The team identified ways to overcome linguistic and discipline-specific language barriers, time differences, limitations to voluntary participation, and technological challenges. The frameworks and concepts that guided the team were the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, the principle that participatory approaches enable positive social learning, and the concept that interventions can be adapted to the local context but should not be reinvented. Participatory approaches can support One Health actor groups work toward a collective vision, which catalyzes a process that can improve local ownership, ultimately working to strengthen health security.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"95-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Health SecurityPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-04-15DOI: 10.1177/23265094261434695
Patrícia Xavier, Marta de Sousa, Ariana Cunha, Catarina Lavrador, Sandra Cavaco, Sílvia Salvador, Júlio Gouveia-Carvalho, Carolina Torres, Isabel Lopes de Carvalho, Sílvia Sousa, Carlos Penha-Gonçalves, Telmo Nunes
{"title":"One Health Living Lab: A Collaborative and Novel Approach to Zoonotic Public Health Challenges in Portugal.","authors":"Patrícia Xavier, Marta de Sousa, Ariana Cunha, Catarina Lavrador, Sandra Cavaco, Sílvia Salvador, Júlio Gouveia-Carvalho, Carolina Torres, Isabel Lopes de Carvalho, Sílvia Sousa, Carlos Penha-Gonçalves, Telmo Nunes","doi":"10.1177/23265094261434695","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261434695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Portugal faces challenges in implementing the One Health approach for zoonotic disease. To foster integrated solutions, a \"One Health Living Lab\" initiative engaged diverse stakeholders, focusing on junior professionals (ie, veterinary students, public health residents, and environmental health technicians). For 2 months, multidisciplinary teams addressed Avian influenza H5N1 in cats, <i>Mycobacterium caprae</i>, <i>Streptococcus suis</i>, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) through research, stakeholder engagement and solution codesign. Key outcomes included establishing a feline HPAI sentinel network, confirming <i>S suis</i> occupational risks, developing a timely CCHF preparedness exercise and identifying potential <i>M caprae</i> underdiagnosis. The living lab successfully fostered collaboration and generated practical, bottom-up initiatives. While highlighting persistent systemic barriers like data sharing, the model demonstrates a promising approach for engaging future professionals and strengthening Portugal's health security against zoonotic threats, ensuring sustained support and integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"154-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147689791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Health SecurityPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-04-14DOI: 10.1177/23265094261431889
Karen L Meidenbauer, Kyeng Mercy, Yewande Alimi, George S Odongo, Kaylee M Errecaborde, Ryan M Wallace, Stephanie J Salyer
{"title":"Overcoming Barriers to One Health Surveillance Implementation.","authors":"Karen L Meidenbauer, Kyeng Mercy, Yewande Alimi, George S Odongo, Kaylee M Errecaborde, Ryan M Wallace, Stephanie J Salyer","doi":"10.1177/23265094261431889","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261431889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The zoonotic origin of the COVID-19 pandemic renewed calls for establishing and improving One Health surveillance capabilities globally, yet a lack of universally recognized best practices and clear guidance on how to implement coordinated surveillance across multiple sectors has hindered progress. Without shared surveillance goals, multisectoral data sharing policies and standards, and interoperable tools to aid the establishment and implementation of coordinated surveillance using a One Health approach, many countries are left piecing together systems together without a way to measure success. We have identified 3 priority components that countries should consider addressing and publishing examples of in order to initiate and document examples of successful coordinated surveillance planning and implementation: (1) shared surveillance goals, (2) multisectoral data sharing policies and standards; and (3) interoperable tools. These 3 components could serve as building blocks for the development of regional and global minimal One Health data standards for collection, sharing, and use of multisectoral data to address health threats from a One Health collaborative approach that efficiently minimizes human, animal, and economic costs of epidemics such as COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"146-153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13152230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147689776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Health SecurityPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1177/23265094251413155
John Archer, Abderrahmane Touati, R Leroy Mickelsen, Lukas Oudejans, M Worth Calfee, Sang Don Lee, Ahmed Abdel-Hady
{"title":"Evaluation of Conventional and Electrostatic Sprayers for Decontamination of PPE-Covered Manikins.","authors":"John Archer, Abderrahmane Touati, R Leroy Mickelsen, Lukas Oudejans, M Worth Calfee, Sang Don Lee, Ahmed Abdel-Hady","doi":"10.1177/23265094251413155","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094251413155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following a bioterrorism event, an incident or unified command is established, the impacted area characterized, and response work zones set up based on the extent of indoor/outdoor contamination. The personnel decontamination line, established in the contamination reduction zone, is essential for ensuring potentially biohazardous contamination on worker personal protective equipment (PPE) does not migrate outside of this zone. During personnel decontamination, conventional backpack or portable garden-type sprayers are often used to distribute liquid decontaminant onto PPE surfaces to physically remove and/or inactivate the contaminant. This process can lead to migration of biological contaminants and produces large volumes of liquid waste. A comparison of the performance of electrostatic sprayers and conventional backpack sprayers in personnel biological decontamination revealed that the electrostatic sprayer generated substantially less liquid runoff (∼75X), which would minimize waste generation and disposal costs following an event. Pilot-scale tests using manikins with PPE showed decontamination efficacy greater than 6 log<sub>10</sub> reduction (liquid and aerosol inoculation of spores) for the conventional backpack sprayer while decontamination was effective but incomplete with the electrostatic sprayer (<6 log<sub>10</sub> reduction) with residual spores detected at \"hard-to-reach\" areas. Decontamination efficacy of the electrostatic sprayer was improved by increasing the spray time, as greater than 6 log<sub>10</sub> reduction was then observed (liquid and aerosol inoculation). Spore reaerosolization was higher during decontamination with the conventional backpack sprayer. The electrostatic sprayer as used in our study presents a viable decontamination option for a personnel decontamination line following biological agent contamination incidents.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"55-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146124647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Health SecurityPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-02-22DOI: 10.1177/23265094251403977
Elizabeth M S Bramhall, Gigi K Gronvall, Gurumurthy Ramachandran
{"title":"Invisible Threats, Concrete Actions: Analyzing and Enhancing OSHA's Infectious Disease Framework.","authors":"Elizabeth M S Bramhall, Gigi K Gronvall, Gurumurthy Ramachandran","doi":"10.1177/23265094251403977","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094251403977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates employers provide a workplace \"free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm\" to employees; however, those regulations do not include workplace-acquired infectious diseases. This article examines federal and state regulations specific to workplace infectious disease exposures, highlighting their insufficiencies. The regulatory framework for occupational exposures to infectious diseases within United States workplaces is examined using specific criteria: (1) the intended scope of the federal or state standards, (2) the infectious diseases that are specifically covered, (3) the categories of workers covered, and (4) the limitations or constraints in the standard. We reviewed past attempts by OSHA to implement infectious disease standards, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on workplace health, and the gaps in protections for nonhealthcare workers. Healthcare workers were temporarily covered under the OSHA Emergency Temporary Standard (ETS) for COVID-19. Due to the expiration of that ETS in 2021, there are limited protections for all workers against the known hazards of various respiratory infectious diseases in the workplace. A comprehensive infectious disease standard from OSHA would address insufficiencies of the current standards protecting workers during outbreaks and with other respiratory diseases. Immediate action is required to establish a comprehensive OSHA standard that covers all industries, not just healthcare, and includes measures such as tailored worker infection control plans, enhanced ventilation, medical surveillance, infectious disease recordkeeping, and mandatory training. A unified national standard is needed to ensure public health preparedness and protect the workforce against future pandemics and endemic infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147270760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}