{"title":"Dimorphic fungi isolated from spontaneously fermented juice of soursop, Annona Muricata L.","authors":"C O Omoifo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two new fungi isolated from fermenting juice of soursop Annona Muricata L., exhibited dimorphism. Aerobic hyphae were coenocytic bearing sporangia while vegetative filaments were septate. Growth in broth was in discrete units. Glucose--yeast extract-peptone broth inoculated with sporangiospores of strain C12 induced arthroconidiospores but it was yeast cells, yeastlike cells, pseudohyphae and pseudomycelia bearing blastospores when strain C13 was inoculated. On the other hand, soursop extract induced arthrospores and yeast cells, yeast like cells and blastospore-bearing pseudomycelia respectively with strain C12 and strain C13 inoculation. Physiological characteristics were distinct. Strain C12 fermented soluble starch and raffinose completely while strain C13 proved weak for both sugars but complete in glucose utilization. The two dimorphic strains along with Saccaharomyces latis were negative in inulin fermentation. The three strains assimilated all carbon and nitrogen sources tested and grew at 37 degrees C. Based on cultural, morphological and biochemical differences, a tentative genus, Dimorphomyces was created for the dimorphic strains. D. diastaticus strain C12 and D. pleomorphis strain C13 were thought to initiate spontaneous fermentation which was brought to completion along with S. latis strain C14.</p>","PeriodicalId":12923,"journal":{"name":"Hindustan antibiotics bulletin","volume":"38 1-4","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20593238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Production of gluconic acid using Micrococcus sp.: optimisation of carbon and nitrogen sources.","authors":"V D Joshi, K R Sreekantiah, S P Manjrekar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A process for production of gluconic acid from glucose by a Micrococcus sp. is described. More than 400 bacterial cultures isolated from local soil were tested for gluconic acid production. Three isolates, were selected on basis of their ability to produce gluconic acid and high titrable acidity. These were identified as Micrococcus sp. and were named M 27, M 54 and M 81. Nutritional and other parameters for maximum production of gluconic acid by the selected isolates were optimised. It was found that Micrococcus sp. isolate M 27 gave highest yield of 8.19 g gluconic acid from 9 g glucose utilised giving 91% conversion effeciency.</p>","PeriodicalId":12923,"journal":{"name":"Hindustan antibiotics bulletin","volume":"38 1-4","pages":"57-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20593845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microbial production of L-tyrosine: a review.","authors":"T K Maiti, A Roy, S K Mukherjee, S P Chatterjee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial production of L-tyrosine by direct fermentation and by enzymatic methods has been reviewed. Achievements in this regard made through recombinant DNA techniques have also been included. The review also includes biosynthesis and regulation of tyrosine.</p>","PeriodicalId":12923,"journal":{"name":"Hindustan antibiotics bulletin","volume":"37 1-4","pages":"51-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19934763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Purification and characterization of extracellular penicillin V acylase from Fusarium sp. SKF 235.","authors":"V K Sudhakaran, J G Shewale","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Penicillin V acylase from Fusarium sp. SKF 235 culture filtrate was purified to homogeneity. The enzyme was a glycoprotein and composed of single polypeptide chain with molecular weight of 83,200 Daltons. The pH and temperature optima were 6.5 and 55 degrees C, respectively. The KM for penicillin V was 10 mM but the enzyme was inhibited by penicillin V at concentrations above 50 mM. Products of reaction, 6-aminopenicillanic acid and phenoxyacetic acid inhibited the enzyme competitively and noncompetitively with Ki values of 18 mM and 45 mM, respectively. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzed penicillin V, cephalosporanic acid V and penicillin V sulphoxide. Other phenoxy acetyl amides studied were not hydrolysed. It is proposed that phenoxyacetyl moiety alone is not recognized by the penicillin V acylase and in addition, the beta-lactam structure contributes in formation of enzyme-substrate complex.</p>","PeriodicalId":12923,"journal":{"name":"Hindustan antibiotics bulletin","volume":"37 1-4","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19933653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aryl beta-galactosidase from Sclerotium rolfsii: physiological and biochemical studies.","authors":"J H Bhosale, J G Shewale","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Production of beta-galactosidase by Sclerotium rolfsii NCIM 1084 was studied under submerged fermentation conditions. The enzyme was produced extracellularly and constitutively on glucose. The enzyme production was enhanced when galactose, raffinose, cellobiose, sucrose, xylose, maltose, cellulose and pectin were used as carbon sources. Cellulose and diammonium hydrogen phosphate were best carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Surfactants such as Sag, Paraffin oil, Tween 20 and Tween 80 increased the enzyme production. Maximum yield of beta-galactosidase obtained was 3.8-4.2 nkat/ml. The optimum pH, optimum temperature and molecular weight of the beta-glactosidase were 2.7, 60 degrees C and 2,21,000 daltons, respectively. The enzyme is an aryl beta-glactosidase and did not hydrolyse lactose. The Km value for o-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside was 3.7 mM. Galactose and 2-mercaptoethanol inhibited the enzyme.</p>","PeriodicalId":12923,"journal":{"name":"Hindustan antibiotics bulletin","volume":"37 1-4","pages":"25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19935413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A carbon-limited medium for growth and sporulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki.","authors":"W M Liu, V Bihari, R Bajpai","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A culture medium for batch production of d-endotoxin by Bacillus thuringiensis (B., t.) has been modified. Through batch and continuous cultivation studies, the original medium was diagnosed to be limited in organic nitrogen. Corn steep liquor was found to be an excellent source for the organic nitrogen and its addition resulted in a carbon limited medium and in a significant increase in the amount of spore-toxin complex formed in shake flasks. Results of bioassay, conducted on Trichoplusia ni, suggest enhancement of larvicidal efficacy under carbon-limited growth conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12923,"journal":{"name":"Hindustan antibiotics bulletin","volume":"37 1-4","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19933650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Production of free amino acids by some earthworm-borne microorganisms.","authors":"E K Joy, S M Reddy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Production of free amino acids by some earthworm-borne microorganisms was investigated in three different synthetic media. Among the fungi tried Gliocladium roseum and Heterocephallum aurantiacum; among bacteria screened Bacillus macerans and B. mycoides; and among actinomycetes tested Streptomyces rimosus, S. violans, S. antibiticus, S. corchorusii and S. atroolivaceus produced significant amount of free amino acids. No correlations could be observed between vegetative growth and free amino acid production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12923,"journal":{"name":"Hindustan antibiotics bulletin","volume":"37 1-4","pages":"16-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19933654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laboratory evaluation of sensitivity of three keratinophilic fungi to some vicolides.","authors":"M K Rai, S Vasanth","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four vicolides (sesquiterpenoides) isolated from Vicoa indica were evaluated against three keratinophilic fungi, viz., Microsporum gypseum, Chrysosporium tropicum, and Trichophyton terrestris. All the test fungi were found to be sensitive to vicolides. Vicolides A and C showed the maximum efficacy while B and D exhibited moderate activity. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was observed in the range of 15.62-125 micrograms. The most sensitive fungus tested was C. tropicum followed by T. terrestris and M. gypseum.</p>","PeriodicalId":12923,"journal":{"name":"Hindustan antibiotics bulletin","volume":"37 1-4","pages":"48-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19934761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterisation and identification of broad spectrum antibiotic producing Streptomyces hygroscopicus D 1.5.","authors":"D Chakraborty, B Mondal, S C Pal, S K Sen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A streptomycete strain D1.5 capable of producing broad spectrum antiobiotic was isolated from soil. The morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characters were studied, compared to known species and identified as Streptmoyces hygroscopicus. Antibiotic activity of the strain was tested against both Gram positive and negative bacteria as well as fungi. It exhibited complete resistance to beta-lactum antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12923,"journal":{"name":"Hindustan antibiotics bulletin","volume":"37 1-4","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19935417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antibiotics and garlic clove extract--inhibitory agents of cell wall degrading enzymes.","authors":"D Alice, K Sivaprakasam","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four antibiotics were tested against Erwinia causing soft rot of onion (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) of which streptomycin sulphate 90% and tetracycline hydrochloride 10% (streptocycline) recorded the maximum inhibition zone of 27.66 mm. In the enzyme studies the maximum inhibition of pectinlyase (PL), polygalacturonase (PG) and protopectinase production was recorded by the same antibiotic. The antibiotics have a significant influence on the production and activity of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by the plant pathogenic microorganisms. Garlic clove extract was equally effective in inhibiting the growth and enzyme production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12923,"journal":{"name":"Hindustan antibiotics bulletin","volume":"37 1-4","pages":"44-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19935418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}