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Quadruple vaccines containing pertussis and poliomyelitis vaccines. 含有百日咳和脊髓灰质炎疫苗的四联疫苗。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1978-07-01
G R Anderson, R Y Gottshall, E Nelsom, F Angela
{"title":"Quadruple vaccines containing pertussis and poliomyelitis vaccines.","authors":"G R Anderson,&nbsp;R Y Gottshall,&nbsp;E Nelsom,&nbsp;F Angela","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quadruple vaccines (DTP-P), prepared by mixing crude adsorbed Salk poliomyelitis vaccines, heat-killed pertussis vaccines and adsorbed purified diphtheria and tetanus toxoids were found to be toxic for mice. However, by using purified poliomyelitis and heat-killed formalinized pertussis components, vaccines were prepared that were non-toxic. The pertussis component of these vaccines retained potency over extended periods of storage. Stable, potent DTP-P vaccines offer an excellent alternative to DTP and live poliomyelitis vaccine in the basic immunization of infants and children.</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"15 3","pages":"138-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11771497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detection of lipopolysaccharide in suspected bacteriuric urine using a carbocyanine dye. 用碳氰染料检测可疑细菌尿中的脂多糖。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1978-07-01
G S Gray, C A Miller
{"title":"Detection of lipopolysaccharide in suspected bacteriuric urine using a carbocyanine dye.","authors":"G S Gray,&nbsp;C A Miller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently practiced methods for the detection of gram negative bacteriuria require culturing and overnight incubation. Such an approach to bacteriuria detection is unacceptable for any screening program which requires rapid presumptive evidence of infection. In this study, the lipopolysaccharide-dependent formation of a unique dye absorption spectra of the cationic carbocyanine dye, 1-ethyl-2-[3-(1-ethylnaphtho[1,2d]-thiazolin-2-ylidene)-2-methylpropenyl] naphtho[1,2d]-thiazolium bromide, was used to detect bacteriuria caused by gram negative organisms in a hospitalized population. In an evaluation of 168 first morning and randomly collected suspected bacteriuric urines, the dye test detected 66% of the loop plate positive urines with false positive and false negative values of 28% and 34%, respectively. However, 37% of the false positive results occurred in urines containing less than 10(5) gram negative bacteria/ml and an additional 24% of the false positives were seen for patients currently receiving antibiotic treatment. Urine specimens were also evaluated using the limulus lysate assay for lipopolysaccharide.</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"15 3","pages":"150-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11252562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microbiologic guidelines for hemodialysis systems. 血液透析系统微生物学指南。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1978-07-01
{"title":"Microbiologic guidelines for hemodialysis systems.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"15 3","pages":"174-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11901246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The occurrence of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani in the soil of the United States. 肉毒梭菌和破伤风梭菌在美国土壤中的出现。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1978-04-01
L D Smith
{"title":"The occurrence of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani in the soil of the United States.","authors":"L D Smith","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil samples taken every fifty miles on four east-west transects across the United States were examined for C. botulinum and C. tetani, organisms that could inhibit the growth of C. botulinum type A, and for various soil properties. Type A strains were found mostly in the western part of the United States, in neutral to alkaline soil. Type B strains were more uniformly distributed, with a majority of them occurring east of the Mississippi River; none, however, were found in samples taken in the southermost transect. They were associated with soil of high organic content. Type C strains were found only in acid soil of the Gulf Coast, and type D strains in alkaline soil of some western states. Type E strains were mostly associated with damp to wet soil. Organisms inhibitory to type A strains were found in 4 of 21 samples of soil in which type A strains were demonstrated and in 7 of 20 samples in which they were not. Trypsin activation of culture fluids was necessary for the demonstration of most strains of types B, C, D, and E. C. tetani was demonstrated in 30 per cent of the soil samples. Its occurrence was not correlated with any particular soil type or climatic area.</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"15 2","pages":"74-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11565450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative pathogenicity of environmental and clinical Klebsiella. 环境克雷伯菌与临床克雷伯菌的比较致病性。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1978-04-01
S T Bagley, R J Seidler
{"title":"Comparative pathogenicity of environmental and clinical Klebsiella.","authors":"S T Bagley,&nbsp;R J Seidler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"15 2","pages":"104-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11564455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quality assurance practice in rural and urban hospital clinical laboratories. 城乡医院临床实验室质量保证实践。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1978-04-01
R L Cada, D K West
{"title":"Quality assurance practice in rural and urban hospital clinical laboratories.","authors":"R L Cada,&nbsp;D K West","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This survey examined quality assurance practice in matched pairs of rural and urban hospital clinical laboratories. Questions directed at personnel qualifications, laboratory management, internal quality control mechanisms, and proficiency testing enrollment revealed no major differences between the rural-urban pairs. Deficiencies observed were either generic or size-related. Most laboratories were directed by physicians; however, almost half spent 5 or less hours per week in the laboratory. All respondents employed at least one individual professionally certified at the \"technologist\" level. Virtually all respondents insisted they employ a laboratory management system for ensuring quality performance, although 20% did not document their practice. Internal quality control practice varied widely. Many respondents recognized shortcomings related to volume and budget, and requested specific training courses for technical personnel. At least 20% of the laboratories were not enrolled in any recognized proficiency testing program, an integral part of the total quality assurance process.</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"15 2","pages":"112-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11882727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An improved polystyrene polymeric XAD-2 resin column extraction of 5beta-cholestan-3beta-ol from polluted water. 改进聚苯乙烯聚合物XAD-2树脂柱萃取污染水中5 - β胆甾醇。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1978-04-01
C K Wun, R W Walker, W Litsky
{"title":"An improved polystyrene polymeric XAD-2 resin column extraction of 5beta-cholestan-3beta-ol from polluted water.","authors":"C K Wun,&nbsp;R W Walker,&nbsp;W Litsky","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Appropriate methods and criteria for judging the degree of sewage contamination of water and its suitability for drinking or recreational uses are essential to safeguard the public health. 5beta-cholestan-3beta-ol seems to satisfy many, if not all, of the criteria required of a good indicator of fecal pollution. It was shown that this fecal sterol was strongly adsorbed to the polystyrene polymeric XAD-2 adsorbents at low pH, resulting in a 100% retention. The adsorbed sterols could be easily removed from the columns with acetone adjusted to pH 8.5-9 with concentrated NH4OH. It has also been demonstrated that large volumes of both fresh and sea water samples can be extracted by the \"closed\" column method in a relatively short time. The sensitivity of the column exceeded that of the conventional liquid-liquid partitioning procedure. With some modifications, the column extraction process can be incorporated in a fully- or semi-automated analytical procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"15 2","pages":"67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11882728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An identification scheme for gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli. 革兰氏阴性非发酵杆菌的鉴定方案。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1978-04-01
N M Burdash, M E West, E R Bannister, J P Manos
{"title":"An identification scheme for gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli.","authors":"N M Burdash,&nbsp;M E West,&nbsp;E R Bannister,&nbsp;J P Manos","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A series of six flow charts have been developed to identify the Gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli most commonly isolated from clinical specimens. Colonial morphology and oxidase reactivity determine the pathway to be followed on the flow chart which then indicates the specific test to be performed. Most isolates can be identified within 24 hours using 3 to 5 tests. Each pathway was selected on the basis of 94-100 per cent confidence limits otherwise an alternate pathway is shown. Results of 2,788 nonfermenters identified by this scheme are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"15 2","pages":"95-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11318855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of an office method of detecting bacteriuria. 一种有效的细菌检测方法的评价。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1978-04-01
F J Silverblatt, S Furr, L Jennings
{"title":"Evaluation of an office method of detecting bacteriuria.","authors":"F J Silverblatt,&nbsp;S Furr,&nbsp;L Jennings","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although catheter-associated UTI continues to be the leading cause of nosocomial infection, epidemiological investigation of catheter use in many hospitals may be precluded by the reluctance of the laboratory to process the large number of urine cultures. We have evaluated the use by Nurse Epidemiologists of Bacturcult tubes for such purposes. The urine of 111 catheterized patients was cultured daily using both the Bacturcult and streak plate method until significant bacteriuria developed (greater than 10(5) colonies/ml). Bacturcult proved as accurate as the conventional technique in detecting bacteriuria. In contrast to previous studies, the daily incidence of infection rose with increasing duration of catheterization. Concomitant antibiotic usage reduced the risk of infection but selected out multi-drug resistant organisms. Older age and procedural errors also increased the risk of infection. The study took 150 hours to complete and cost about $250. It is concluded that Bacturcult is an accurate, simple and relatively inexpensive method of detecting bacteriuria and could be useful for investigating the epidemiology of catheter-associated infections in community hospitals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"15 2","pages":"86-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11565452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The comparison of viral antibody titers of acid-precipitated and non-precipitated mouse ascitic fluids. 酸沉淀与非沉淀小鼠腹水病毒抗体滴度的比较。
Health laboratory science Pub Date : 1978-04-01
W C Gamble, W A Chappell, E H George
{"title":"The comparison of viral antibody titers of acid-precipitated and non-precipitated mouse ascitic fluids.","authors":"W C Gamble,&nbsp;W A Chappell,&nbsp;E H George","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mouse immune ascitic fluid has become a primary source of antibody for diagnostic, reference, and research work in many virus laboratories. The inherent disadvantage of ascitic fluid is that it repeatedly forms clots and subsequently loses volume. The acid-precipitation method of Chiewsilp and McCown eliminates the clot formation and does not appreciably alter the antibody titers for several arboviruses, varicella, rabies and influenza viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12869,"journal":{"name":"Health laboratory science","volume":"15 2","pages":"91-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11882729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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