{"title":"A Darwinian Genetic Algorithm for State Encoding Based Finite State Machine Watermarking","authors":"Matthew Lewandowski, S. Katkoori","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697760","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an extended Darwinian Genetic Algorithm that builds upon the traditional genetic algorithm in the efforts to more accurately depict the process of natural selection We demonstrate the capabilities of this algorithm by employing it with an existing state encoding based watermarking system for sequential circuits that was previously hindered by attempting to naïvely solve the subgraph isomorphism problem that arises during the watermark embedding process. Wherein using the proposed approach we are able to demonstrate maximal savings for a 64-bit watermark of 26%, 23%, and 20%, in addition to the 128-bit watermark where maximal savings were 30%, 29%, and 20% over the current state-of-the-art in terms of literals, area, and delay required for synthesizing the watermarked finite state machines, respectively. Additionally, average savings for the 64-bit watermark were 1%, and 2% with 4% overhead and for the 128-bit watermark average savings were 12%, 7%, and 2%, in terms of literals, area, and delay.","PeriodicalId":128327,"journal":{"name":"20th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132458401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Closing the Verification Gap with Static Sign-off","authors":"P. Ashar, V. Viswanath","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697608","url":null,"abstract":"It is commonly held that because SOCs are extremely complex, the gap between the ability to design and to verify is beyond manageable proportions. Recent reality, though, has been more positive. The recent increase in SOC scale has been enabled by design-style advances, and the increase in SOC scale has been much more rapid than that of constituent IP. Consequently, verification complexity and SOC failure is now more correlated to SOC implementation schemes than IP functionality. In this milieu, SOC sign-off appears more manageable when broken into verification problems posed by the individual SOC implementation schemes, each scheme characterized by a narrow range of failure risks that can be modeled precisely. This tends to be a sweet spot for “static analysis”, which is a general term for methods that are based on algorithmically analyzing design attributes rather than testing a design by evaluating input stimuli through them. In fact, the dissection of SOC verification into the individual verification problems and the development of failure-specific static analysis methods for them has been the verification revolution of the past decade, without which the SOC revolution would have stalled.","PeriodicalId":128327,"journal":{"name":"20th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131361743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huan Yu, J. Shin, T. Michalka, M. Larbi, M. Swaminathan
{"title":"Behavioral Modeling of Tunable I/O Drivers with Pre-emphasis Using Neural Networks","authors":"Huan Yu, J. Shin, T. Michalka, M. Larbi, M. Swaminathan","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697597","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the development of nonlinear behavioral models of tunable digital input/output (I/O) drivers covering features such as drive strength and pre-emphasis. The proposed modeling approach relies on the use of parameterized state-aware weighting functions that control the driver's output stage, which enables the accurate modeling of pre-emphasis behavior of the driver. The state-aware weighting functions are implemented using feedforward neural networks (FFNNs). The dynamic memory characteristics of the driver output port are captured using recurrent neural networks (RNNs). To address the tunable features in the state-of-the-art driver circuit designs, a parameterized model that takes into account driver control parameters is presented. Test cases of practical industrial driver examples demonstrate that the proposed modeling method offers good accuracy, flexibility and significant simulation speed-up to facilitate signal integrity analysis without compromising intellectual property (IP).","PeriodicalId":128327,"journal":{"name":"20th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123365492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of Probabilistic Spin Logic (PSL) in Detecting Satisfiability of a Boolean Function","authors":"Vaibhav Agarwal, Sneh Saurabh","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697357","url":null,"abstract":"Probabilistic Spin Logic (PSL) is a computing model that can be implemented using stochastic units (called p-bits) such as low-barrier nanomagnets. Besides computing a given Boolean function, PSL can also compute the inverse of the function. In this paper, we propose a methodology to exploit the invertibility of PSL in detecting the satisfiability (SAT) of a given Boolean function. First, we propose an algorithm to derive a PSL implementation for any Boolean function given in Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF). For a given SAT problem in CNF, we realize the given function in PSL using the proposed algorithm, clamp only the output to logic ‘1’ and detect the satisfiability of the given function by observing the probability distribution of the possible states. We demonstrate that PSL is highly selective of the satisfiable input patterns even for tough problems where only one out of one million input patterns is satisfiable. A key parameter deciding the effectiveness of the proposed technique is the time that is allowed for PSL computation, which would ultimately depend on the characteristics of the PSL hardware implementation.","PeriodicalId":128327,"journal":{"name":"20th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127901068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Automated Design Flow for Synthesis of Optimal Switching Power Supply","authors":"P. Chawda, A. Prasad, K. Rathod, Kritika Solanki","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697699","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an industry first HTML5 based WEBENCH Power Designer for designing switch-mode power supplies in minutes. The presented tool is specifically designed by focusing on often ignored User Interface (UI) as well as User Experience (UX) aspects of design tools with latest HTML5 technologies such as Angular 5. The paper intuitively discusses the basics of power supply design and illustrates how the HTML5 Power designer can be used to quickly select, customize, simulate and export an optimized design in the matter of few minutes. By using this tool, users get a customized power supply design in couple of seconds which reduces overall design cycle time and enables them to bring products to market faster.","PeriodicalId":128327,"journal":{"name":"20th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"24 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114020521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prateek Gupta, Harshini Mandadapu, Shirisha Gourishetty, Zia Abbas
{"title":"Robust Transistor Sizing for Improved Performances in Digital Circuits using Optimization Algorithms","authors":"Prateek Gupta, Harshini Mandadapu, Shirisha Gourishetty, Zia Abbas","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697718","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the optimal transistor sizing of the digital cells has been obtained using Simulated Annealing algorithm and an Artificial Bee Colony algorithm and their results have been compared with nominal results for various nanoscale CMOS digital circuits. The goal is to minimize the leakage power keeping the other performance parameters such as propagation delays and the area in the bound. The simulations are done using HSPICE tool for 45nm and below using Metal gate High k Predictive Technology Model cards. To make sure of the unaffected working of all cells in the automotive applications, the temperature range and supply voltage has been taken between -55°C to 125°C and 0.95V to 1.05V respectively. The Overall reduction in leakage power achieved in the logic cells is up to 70% without any penalty in the critical path delay.","PeriodicalId":128327,"journal":{"name":"20th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122331751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low Restoration-Energy Differential Spin Hall Effect MRAM for High-Speed Nonvolatile SRAM Application","authors":"S. Shreya, B. Kaushik","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697426","url":null,"abstract":"A differential spin Hall effect (DSHE) based nonvolatile static random access memory, named as DSNVM, is proposed in this paper. DSNVM consist of a conventional 6T SRAM cell and a DSHE as nonvolatile element. The data present at storage nodes of SRAM are complementary to each other and are stored in DSHE memory counterpart. The stored data can be retrieved once power supply is resumed. The analysis of DSNVM cell is carried out and is compared with other spintronics based NVSRAMs. DSNVM shows 40% faster data restoration and 16.7% lesser energy consumption as compared to SHE based NVSRAM.","PeriodicalId":128327,"journal":{"name":"20th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125149203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hosseini, Hirenkumar Paneliya, Utteja Kallakuri, Mohit Khatwani, T. Mohsenin
{"title":"Minimizing Classification Energy of Binarized Neural Network Inference for Wearable Devices","authors":"M. Hosseini, Hirenkumar Paneliya, Utteja Kallakuri, Mohit Khatwani, T. Mohsenin","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697574","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a low-power hardware for efficient deployment of binarized neural networks (BNNs) that have been trained for physiological datasets. BNNs constrain weights and feature-map to 1 bit, can pack in as many 1-bit weights as the width of a memory entry provides, and can execute multiple multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations with one fused bit-wise xnor and population-count instruction over aligned packed entries. Our proposed hardware is scalable with the number of processing engines (PEs) and the memory width, both of which adjustable for the most energy efficient configuration given an application. We implement two real case studies including Physical Activity Monitoring and Stress Detection on our platform, and for each case study on the target platform, we seek the optimal PE and memory configurations. Our implementation results indicate that a configuration with a good choice of memory width and number of PEs can be optimized up to 4x and 2.5 x in energy consumption respectively on Artix-7 FPGA and on 65nm CMOS ASIC implementation. We also show that, generally, wider memories make more efficient BNN processing hardware. To further reduce the energy, we introduce Pool-Skipping technique that can skip at least 50% of the operations that are accompanied by a Max-Pool layer in BNNs, leading to 37% operation reduction in the Stress Detection case study. Compared to the related works using the same case studies on the same target platform and with the same classification accuracy, our hardware is respectively 4.5x and 250x more energy efficient for the Stress Detection on FPGA and Physical Activity Monitoring on ASIC, respectively.","PeriodicalId":128327,"journal":{"name":"20th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129955829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Application Specific Processor Architecture with 3D Integration for Recurrent Neural Networks","authors":"Sumon Dey, P. Franzon","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697413","url":null,"abstract":"Deep learning using recurrent neural networks has broadened the horizon of artificial intelligence. It can process a massive amount of multimodal natural data (video, audio) and learn useful join representations in various applications. However, implementation of recurrent neural networks in hardware and learn representations requires high throughput and memory bandwidth of that hardware platform. This work offers a 3D hardware architecture with application-specific instruction set processor, 3D-stacked memory, and sized on-chip memory for training and inference of recurrent neural networks. It also implemented a set of short instructions after analyzing different complex, time-consuming, special operations into high-level function blocks. The accelerator also performed state-of-the-art mixed precision training using custom instructions. A high-level programming environment is developed to generate Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) instructions for this accelerator and processed a popular and successful variant of the recurrent neural network. At 28nm, this work achieved 8.5 x processing speedup, 47.5 x energy efficiency per sequence, and 2.71 x reduction in silicon area against a GPU.","PeriodicalId":128327,"journal":{"name":"20th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133557769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}