Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Proton beam irradiation with anti-VEGF therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: results of a 24-month, phase II randomized study.","authors":"Wenyi Tang, Xianxin Qiu, Jingli Guo, Gezhi Xu, Lin Kong, Wei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06681-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06681-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the efficacy and safety of proton beam irradiation (PBI) and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV)/ aneurysmal type 1 macular neovascularization (AT1).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The randomized clinical trial consisted of newly diagnosed active PCV/AT1 patients who were randomized 1:1 to treatment with three initial monthly intravitreal anti-VEGF agent (conbercept) injections with or without single 14 GyE radiation. Subsequent anti-VEGF therapy was given pro re nata. The primary outcome measures were number of anti-VEGF injections, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and central retinal thickness (CRT) at 24 months. Secondary outcome measures included the polypoidal lesion regression rate, changes in the areas of polypoidal lesions and branching vascular network (BVN), and radiotherapy-related adverse events at 24 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 45 eyes (86.5%) completed the 24-month follow-up. At 24 months, the combination therapy group required fewer anti-VEGF injections compared with the monotherapy group (5.9 ± 4.1 vs. 8.8 ± 5.3; P = 0.04). The mean gains in BCVA and the mean decrease in CRT were not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.85 and P = 0.17, respectively). Combination therapy was superior to monotherapy for complete polypoidal lesion regression (80.0% vs. 48%, P = 0.03) and change in BVN area (- 1.03 ± 1.24 mm² vs. 0.36 ± 0.77 mm², P < 0.01). The radiation-related microvascular abnormalities were observed in 55.0% of eyes following combination therapy at 15.7 ± 2.5 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PBI (14 GyE) combined with anti-VEGF therapy could decrease the need for additional anti-VEGF injections for PCV/AT1. Longer follow-up is needed to fully evaluate the long-term safety of PBI.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>What is known The current main methods for treating PCV/AT1 include anti-VEGF drugs as monotherapy or in combination with photodynamic therapy. However, some cases can be challenging with multiple repeated injections due to the relatively low regression rate of polyps and high recurrence rate. What is new Proton beam irradiation therapy with anti-VEGF drugs can synergistically promote the regression of polyps and the shrinkage of branching vascular network, and reduce the anti-VEGF treatment burden for patients with PCV/AT1. Radiation retinopathy was mild and did not appear to be visually significant at the 24-month follow-up. Proton beam irradiation can be a new strategy for the treatment of PCV/AT1.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"659-668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142618696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive risk scores for visual prognosis after photodynamic therapy for central serous chorioretinopathy.","authors":"Ryoh Funatsu, Hiroto Terasaki, Naohisa Mihara, Hideki Shiihara, Shozo Sonoda, Taiji Sakamoto","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06698-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06698-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To comprehensively evaluate baseline characteristics of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and develop predictive risk scores to identify visual prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-institute, retrospective cohort study included 144 eyes of 144 patients with CSC who underwent photodynamic therapy and achieved serous retinal detachment resolution. We developed and assessed the performance of several risk scores for best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) outcomes six months post-treatment: i) BCVA improvement (≤-1.0 logMAR), and ii) BCVA deterioration (≥+ 1.0 logMAR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The BCVA improvement models used photoreceptor outer segment thickness, loss of photoreceptor outer segment, and neurosensory retinal thickness (NSRT), while the BCVA deterioration models included outer nuclear layer thickness and NSRT. The BCVA improvement models demonstrated a corrected area under the curve (AUC) of 0.786 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.699-0.864), with 80.4% sensitivity, and 71.2% specificity. The BCVA deterioration models achieved a corrected AUC of 0.864 (95% CI: 0.742-0.958), with 85.7% sensitivity, and 83.5% specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The predictive models for CSC exhibited favorable performance in predicting individual visual prognoses. A thinner outer nuclear layer may be associated with BCVA deterioration, whereas preservation of the photoreceptor outer segment may be correlated with BCVA improvement.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>WHAT IS KNOWN : Pre-treatment best-corrected visual acuity, thickness of each sensory retinal layer, time from onset to treatment, and macular atrophy were each found to be associated with visual prognosis for patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>The current study comprehensively assessed potential prognostic factors and precisely identified individual likelihood of visual prognosis. The study found that different regions of the sensory retina were associated with either worsening or improving visual acuity. Accurately predicting visual outcomes after photodynamic therapy for CSC would help healthcare providers create personalized treatment plans and enable patients to make informed decisions about their treatment based on their expected visual results.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"705-711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical corneal inflammation and subbasal nerve alterations in keratoconus detected by in vivo confocal microscopy: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Chareenun Chirapapaisan, Methawee Sawarot, Sathiya Kengpunpanich","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06664-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06664-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the intracorneal inflammation and subbasal nerve alterations in keratoconus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cross-sectional study recruited patients with keratoconus, who were diagnosed and graded the severity based on clinical examination and Schiempflug tomography. Laser in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) was performed on the corneal subbasal layer centrally to explore the inflammatory cells (ICs), subbasal nerve density (SND), and nerve tortuosity. Keratoconus severity and related factors including ocular allergy, systemic atopy, eye rubbing, floppy eyelids, and contact lens use were recorded. Association between the factors, IC density, SND and keratoconus severity were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-four keratoconus eyes were enrolled, and their IVCM findings were compared with those of 20 age-matched normal eyes. Keratoconus showed a significant increase in ICs (44.25 ± 7.01 vs. 13.06 ± 7.51 cells/mm², p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in SND (16.54 ± 0.79 vs. 20.62 ± 0.72 mm/mm², p < 0.001) when compared to controls. The alterations were pronounced in severe keratoconus as the IC density was significantly higher (p < 0.001), whereas SND was lower (p = 0.001) in high-graded keratoconus than in low-graded keratoconus. However, there was no significant correlation between the number of IC and SND in keratoconus eyes (p = 0.835). Corneal sensitivity and nerve tortuosity were not different between keratoconus and the controls. No keratoconus-related factors were associated with IC density except the severity of keratoconus (p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.70, 0.95]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Keratoconus, a clinically noninflammatory corneal disease, demonstrates subclinical corneal inflammation and subbasal nerve decline as shown by IVCM. These alterations correlate considerably with the severity of keratoconus.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>What is known Traditionally, Keratoconus is a clinically noninflammatory corneal disease. What is new Our study suspected keratoconus may be subclinical corneal inflammatory disease. In our research, A Keratoconus patient was discovered to have corneal inflammation and a reduction in sub-basal nerve density through the use of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy. Increase in corneal inflammation is considerably correlated with the severity of keratoconus.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"761-769"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142618710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Retinal Microvasculature Dropout Induced by Elevation of Intraocular Pressure in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.","authors":"Alex T Vasconcelos, Lucas A Rosa, Lígia I De Fendi, Vítor J B Fontes, Denny M Garcia, George C Cardoso, Carlos Gustavo De Moraes, Jayter S Paula","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06652-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06652-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the risk factors related to decrease in vessel density (VD) observed in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), due to acute increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) by an ophthalmodynamometer (OPD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 42 eyes of participants (22 Controls and 20 POAG patients) that underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) to assess VD in the peripapillary region in three examination sets: primary gaze position (1), 25-degree adduction (2) and 25-degree adduction with OPD compression (3). Individual relationships between IOP levels and changes in the superficial complex VD were evaluated after image processing and exclusion of large retinal vessels. Multivariable regression analysis was used to verify factors associated with differences in VD induced by IOP elevation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant increase in IOP was induced by OPD compression during adduction (mean ± SD, Control: + 13.8 ± 2.8; POAG: + 13.4 ± 2.1 mmHg). Only during IOP elevation (set 3), a significant VD decrease was observed both in POAG eyes (p = 0.008) and controls (p = 0.022). Baseline IOP (p = 0.022), maximum IOP (p = 0.003), and scleral rigidity (p = 0.029) were significantly associated with VD decreases in eyes with POAG. No changes were observed in VD during adduction gaze exclusively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acute IOP elevation induced with OPD, but not adduction gaze, decreased peripapillary VD measured with OCT-A imaging. IOP levels and scleral rigidity significantly affected VD reduction in POAG patients. Thus, high scleral rigidity may decrease the ability of the globe to dampen the well-known effects of IOP fluctuation on glaucoma onset and progression.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>What is known Decrease vascular density in the peripapillary retina was associated with POAG, but factors related to the vascular response to elevated IOP are unexplored. What is new OCT-A quantification shows decreases in vascular density of the superficial layers of the peripapillary retina during an acute elevation in IOP. High IOP levels and scleral rigidity significantly affected vascular density reduction in POAG patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"787-796"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cystoid macular edema after low-energy femtosecond-assisted cataract surgery.","authors":"Catharina Latz, Annika Licht, Peyman Bayati, Kazem Taya, Alireza Mirshahi","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06663-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06663-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) post low-energy femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) in a high-volume surgical setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical records of 242 FLACS patients were retrospectively reviewed. The central subfield macular thickness (CSMT) was measured via optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and 4-6 weeks after surgery, and the results were compared for PCME detection. Macular edema was defined as a 10% increase in CSMT, a new onset of intraretinal fluid, or a decrease in visual acuity (VA). VA development in PCME patients was reviewed at 2-3 months and 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median patient age was 72 years (49-92 years). Among 242 eyes, seven eyes (2.89%) developed PCME. The median preoperative CSMT in these eyes was 255 μm (minimum 231 μm, maximum 326 μm), whereas the median CSMT at 4-6 weeks after surgery was 317 μm (minimum 255 μm, maximum 463 μm). 4- to 6-week postoperative visual acuity decreased in comparison with 1-week postoperative values in three eyes of two patients, remained stable in two patients, and improved in one patient, whereas one patient did not return for his 1-week appointment but improved from 0.4 to 0.2 logMAR 2.5 months postoperatively. By 3-6 months, all eyes with PCME had gained visual acuity in comparison with their preoperative values. None of the PCME patients had diabetes or used prostaglandin analogues. Three patients were receiving anticoagulation medication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A 2.89% incidence of PCME after low-energy FLACS matched published standard phacoemulsification rates. In our series of uncomplicated cases, PCME caused only a transient postoperative decrease in visual acuity.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>What is known Increased prostaglandin levels have been detected in the aqueous humour of cataract patients after femtosecond laser application. Prostaglandins are mediators of inflammation. Femtosecond lasers come in low energy and high energy variants. There is contrasting evidence of increased incidence of PCME after femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) What is new The incidence of PCME after low-energy FLACS in our high volume surgical setting is 2.89% Low-energy FLACS does not seem to have a causative effect on PCME.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"829-835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of tear osmolarity and corneal nerves structure in dry eye disease: an in vivo study.","authors":"Moumi Maity, Manindra Bikram Allay, Mohammed Hasnat Ali, Rashmi Deshmukh, Sayan Basu, Swati Singh","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06657-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06657-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the structural changes in corneal sub-basal nerves of dry eye disease (DED) patients with tear hyperosmolarity versus normosmolar tears.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective evaluation of the tear film (keratograph 5 M), tear osmolarity, and sub-basal corneal nerves (laser scanning in-vivo confocal microscopy) was performed in a cohort of 53 DED patients (106 eyes) diagnosed as per DEWS II criteria. Patients with tear hyperosmolarity (Group 1, n = 48 eyes) were compared with DED patients without tear hyperosmolarity (Group 2, n = 58 eyes).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 53 patients (27 females), 28 had Sjogren's syndrome, and the rest had meibomian gland dysfunction. There were more SS patients (21 vs 7) and females in Group 1. The two groups were similar in age, TMH, NIBUT, meibomian gland loss, bulbar redness, and corneal staining, except for Schirmer I (p < 0.001), and tear osmolarity (p < 0.001; worse in group 1). The groups did not differ in dendritic cell density, whether immature (53.8 vs. 38) or mature (2.7 vs. 0). The significantly different corneal nerve parameters were nerve fiber length (p = 0.005), density (p = 0.01), and branching density (p = 0.04), with lower values observed in group 1. Only tear osmolarity had a weak negative correlation with corneal nerve fiber length (r, -0.38), density (r, -0.32), and branching (r, -0.28). SS patients with hyperosmolar tears had reduced nerve fiber length and branching compared to SS patients with normosmolar tears.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tear hyperosmolarity is associated with reduced nerve branching, fiber density, and fiber length despite similar levels of conjunctival congestion, tear film stability, and meibomian gland loss in DED patients.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>What is known • Corneal nerves are reduced in density and length in dry eye disease patients. • Laboratory studies have shown fragmentation of corneal nerves on exposure to hyperosmolar solutions. What is new • Tear hyperosmolarity is associated with reduced nerve branching, fiber density, and fiber length in dry eyes compared to normosmolar tears. • The effect is independent of dendritic cell density.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"753-760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors of angle opening after lens extraction in patients with shallow peripheral anterior chamber.","authors":"Yue Fu, Yufeng Chen, Xiuqin Li, Lingzi Huang, Lufan Li, Nan Zhang, Yixin Hu, Wen Zeng, Min Ke","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06784-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-025-06784-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To predict the degree of angle opening after lens extraction (LE) in patients with shallow peripheral anterior chamber.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected the ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) parameters before and one month after LE retrospectively. The binary logistic regression and artificial neural network (ANN) models of angle opening after LE were established using preoperative UBM parameters, and the predictive factors were screened. The performances of models were evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients from the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University were randomized into a training set (n = 91) or a test set (n = 39) for internal validation. External validation employed the entire Zhongnan Hospital cohort as the training set (n = 130) and Dawu County People's Hospital cohort as the test set (n = 30). Both internal and external validation using both models showed that iris curvature (IC), iris-ciliary process angle (ICPA), trabecular-iris angle (TIA), and gender were significantly predictive of the degree of angle opening after LE (p < 0.05). Both models achieved an AUROC of 0.993 (0.997-1.0) in the internal validation training set, and an AUROC of 0.929 (0.774-1.0) in the internal validation test set. In the external validation training set, both models achieved an AUROC of 0.995 (0.984-1.0), while in the external validation test, both models had an AUROC of 0.938 (0.800-1.0).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with shallow peripheral anterior chamber, a smaller preoperative TIA, ICPA and IC predicts unsatisfactory angle opening after LE. Female can also be a risk factor for the narrow angle after LE.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal changes in ocular biometry and their effect on intraocular lens power calculation accuracy in cataract patients.","authors":"Young In Yun, Richul Oh, Joo Youn Oh, Hyuk Jin Choi, Mee Kum Kim, Chang Ho Yoon","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06775-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-025-06775-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the changes in ocular biometry over time and their impact on intraocular lens (IOL) calculation in adult Korean patients with cataracts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Inclusion criteria were patients who underwent two consecutive ocular biometric measurements spaced more than one year apart using the IOLMaster 700 between November 2019 and February 2024 at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea. Longitudinal changes in ocular biometry were evaluated. Predictive errors were compared among patients who underwent cataract surgery using the SRK/T, Kane, Barrett Universal II, Cook K6, EVO, Hill-RBF, Hoffer QST, and Pearl DGS formulas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 448 eyes from 448 patients were included. Ocular biometry measured over an average interval of 23.4 months showed that with increasing age, axial length elongated (0.04 ± 0.10 mm, p < 0.001), and the magnitude of total corneal astigmatism increased (0.04 ± 0.39 D, p = 0.018). The mean absolute predictive errors of the final measurements were significantly smaller compared to the initial measurements in the Barrett Universal II, EVO, Kane, and Pearl DGS formulas (difference of -0.05 D, -0.05 D, -0.06 D, and - 0.05 D, respectively). In the subgroup of eyes with an axial length of 25 mm or longer, the final measurements showed even greater reduction in mean absolute predictive errors across multiple formulas, including Barrett Universal II, Cook K6, EVO, Hill-RBF, Hoffer QST, Kane, and Pearl DGS, with reductions of -0.11 D, -0.11 D, -0.10 D, -0.08 D, -0.10 D, -0.09 D and - 0.10 D, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Axial length increases and corneal curvature changes with aging. IOLMaster 700 ocular biometry results measured closer to the date of surgery were more accurate in IOL power calculation than those measured more than one year earlier, with the greatest improvement observed in myopic eyes. Therefore, it is recommended to repeat IOLMaster 700 biometry before surgery if the previous measurements were taken more than a year ago.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reexamine the link between retinal layer thickness and cognitive function after correction of axial length: the Beijing Eye Study 2011.","authors":"Zhe Pan, Zihan Li, Hui Xie, Yu Huang, Can Can Xue, Xiaodong Wu, Tien Yin Wong, Chun Zhang, Jost B Jonas, Ya Xing Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06777-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-025-06777-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the relationship between retinal layer thickness and cognitive function in elderly Chinese, accounting for the influence of axial length.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The participants of the Beijing Eye Study 2011 which is a population-based cross-sectional study without any retinal or optic nerve disease underwent a series of ocular examinations including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina. Using a multiple-surface OCT segmentation algorithm, the retina was automatically segmented into 9 layers. Cognitive function was evaluated applying the Mini Mental Statement Examination (MMSE). Cognitive impairment was defined as an MMSE score < 26.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 2067 participants (56.7% women) (2067 eyes) with a mean age of 61.4 ± 8.4 years. After adjusting for age, gender and axial length, a lower cognitive function was related with a thinning of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) (P = 0.029, B = 0.04) and photoreceptor outer segment layer (POS) (P = 0.042, B = 0.04), while the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (P = 0.144) was not significantly associated with the cognitive function score. For every unit decrease in MMSE score, the GCL and POS thickness separately decreased by 0.06 µm (95%CI: 0.01 µm, 0.12 µm), and 0.05 µm (95%CI: 0.002 µm, 0.10 µm). As compared with cognitively normal participants, those with cognitive impairment had a significantly thinner GCL (P = 0.019, OR = 1.04), and POS (P = 0.022, OR = 1.04) in multivariate logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After adding axial length as dependence in multivariate analysis, cognitive impairment was not significantly associated with the thickness of RNFL, while the association between a lower cognitive function score and thinner GCL and POS was statistically associated in current study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing instilled drug delivery: a scoping review of microdrops in ophthalmology.","authors":"Aikaterini K Seliniotaki, Tatiana Tziola, Maria Lithoxopoulou, Argyrios Tzamalis, Nikolaos Ziakas, Asimina Mataftsi","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06773-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-025-06773-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eyedrop instillation constitutes the most commonly used ocular drug delivery method that serves for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Ocular disposition and bioavailability of instilled drugs depend on the anatomy and physiology of the ocular surface as well as the physicochemical properties of the active agent. Intraocular bioavailability is positively associated with the amount of drug available onto the ocular surface and the precorneal residence time. Concerns are raised regarding systemic absorption of the instilled drugs intraocularly, percutaneously, via the conjunctiva, through the nasolacrimal system, or through the nasal, oral, and gastrointestinal mucosa. Special considerations exist regarding the anatomical features and the limited pharmacokinetic data on the pediatric population that complicate further the efficacy and systemic toxicity of the instilled medications. Both preclinical and clinical studies propose the reduction of the instilled drop volume, in the form of microdrops, as a means to enhance intraocular bioavailability of topically applied drugs, while minimizing patient discomfort and systemic adverse events. We summarize existing data on the clinical application of microdrops in a wide age range, from preterm infants to elderly adults. Studies regarding microdrops of mydriatics and ocular hypotensives show promising results in optimizing the provided everyday care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}