Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Systemic counterregulatory response of angiopoietin-2 after intravitreal injections with faricimab for nAMD.","authors":"Anna Lena Huber, Angelika Bauer, Julius Beirer, Katharina Frede, Katharina Kirchmair, Reinhard Angermann, Matus Rehak, Claus Zehetner, Yvonne Nowosielski","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06755-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-025-06755-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Recently, a systemic counterregulatory response of angiopoietin-2 after intravitreal application of the anti vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drug aflibercept in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) has been described. The aim of the study was to find out wether faricimab, a combined anti-VEGF/angiopoietin-2 drug, had an effect on systemic cytokine levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>20 women and 11 men (mean age 79.5 ± 7.3 years) were included into this cohort study. Plama levels of VEGF-A and angiopoietin-2 were determined before and after intravitreal application of faricimab (6 mg/0.05 ml/eye) using ELISA-technique. These results were correlated with central macular thickness (CMT). Responders were defined as having had CMT thinning ≥ 50 μm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CMT decreased from 384.8 ± 108.8 μm prior to intravitreal injection (IVI) to 286.1 ± 63 μm one month after IVI (p < 0.0001). Angiopoietin-2 levels increased from 526.9 ± 129 pg/ml to 597.2 ± 174.8 pg/ml (p = 0.0087) one week after IVI and dropped to 547.4 ± 165 pg/ml (ns) four weeks after IVI. Responders revealed higher angiopoietin-2 (p = 0.0035) as well as higher VEGF-A (p = 0.0248) levels throughout the study period compared to non-responders. Initial CMT revealed to be the only independent factor influencing CMT 4 weeks after IVI in linear regression models with a positive correlation between initial thickness and effect size.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The trending increase in systemic angiopoietin-2 levels, may be interpreted as an escape mechanism of the concomitant anti-VEGF component of therapy. Angiopoietin-2 levels could serve as a positive predictive factor of therapy response in the future. Further research regarding this effect as well as differences between responders and non-responders is mandatory.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>What is known Bispecific antibodies may be more beneficial compared to monospecific antibodies in neovascular age related macular degeneration (nAMD). For monospecific antibodies, there are systemic effects on systemic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. What is new The knew bispecific antibody faricimab entails an increase in systemic angiopoietin-2 levels, as well as a decrease in VEGF levels. The increase in systemic angiopoietin-2 may be interpreted as a counterregulatory effect. The decrease in systemic VEGF levels resembles the effects of monospecific antibodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1259-1267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring the visual environment of children and young people at risk of myopia: a scoping review.","authors":"Annegret H Dahlmann-Noor, Desta Bokre, Marina Khazova, Luke L A Price","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06719-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06719-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Myopia (short-sightedness) is an emerging WHO priority eye disease. Rise in prevalence and severity are driven by changes in lifestyle and environment of children and young people (CYP), including less time spent in bright daylight and more time spent on near-vision activities. We aimed to systematically map the literature describing direct, objective measurements of the visual environment of CYP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted searches in Ovid Medline 1946, Ovid Embase and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in November 2024. We included primary research written in English on environmental/behavioural factors and myopia onset/progression in CYP 3-18 years. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts/full texts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 34 articles: 21 explored the association of indoor and/or outdoor light exposure and myopia and included light measurements, two near-vision activities, four both light and near-work, four time outdoors without illuminance measurements, and three light exposure based on meteorological data. Most measurements were carried out at the level of individual children, rather than the surrounding environment alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite limitations in measurement techniques, there is evidence that reduced illuminance, less time spent in bright light and increased daily duration/sustained episodes of near-vision activities and reduced working distance are associated with increased myopia prevalence/progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1213-1228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12148980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in lower eyelid positions after Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection with tarsectomy for the correction of upper eyelid ptosis.","authors":"Le-Yu Chen, Shu-Lang Liao, Yi-Hsuan Wei","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06829-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-025-06829-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the effect of Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection (MMCR) with tarsectomy on lower eyelid position in patients with unilateral aponeurotic ptosis in the East Asian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review was conducted on patients undergoing unilateral MMCR surgery. Margin reflex distance (MRD) 1 and 2 were measured preoperatively and three months postoperatively. The primary outcome was the change in MRD2 following surgery. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between the relative change of MRD1 and that of MRD2. The secondary outcome was the influence of factors including age, sex, and preoperative MRD on the change in MRD2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-one patients were included. In the ptotic eye, postoperative MRD1 increased from 1.47 ± 0.88 mm to 3.57 ± 1.00 mm (p < 0.001), while MRD2 decreased from 5.53 ± 0.97 mm to 5.31 ± 0.96 mm (p = 0.007). A negative correlation was observed between the relative change of MRD1 and MRD2 in the ptotic eye (r = -0.335, unstandardized coefficient [B] = -0.016, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.028 to -0.004, p = 0.009). Additionally, a positive correlation was found between the relative change in MRD2 in the ptotic and normal eyes (r = 0.818, B = 0.760, 95% CI 0.621 to 0.899, p < 0.001). Preoperative MRD2 in the ptotic eye was a predictor of postoperative MRD2 reduction (B = -0.189, 95% CI -0.327 to -0.051, p = 0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that MMCR alters lower eyelid position, with reductions in MRD2 correlating with the degree of upper eyelid correction. It is important to inform patients of this potential alteration preoperatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of intraocular pressure during phacoemulsification in patients with either diabetic retinopathy or glaucoma; a randomized controlled feasibility trial.","authors":"Raffaele Raimondi, Karmen Sow, Tunde Peto, Nicholas Wride, Maged S Habib, Alan Sproule, Alyson K Muldrew, Michael Quinn, David H Steel","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06839-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-025-06839-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate whether performing phacoemulsification with a lower infusion pressure using the Centurion active sentry system affects surgical efficiency, complications and a range of clinical and imaging parameters compared to the higher pressures routinely used in patients with cataract and concomitant diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting: &lt;/strong&gt;Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Sunderland, United Kingdom.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Masked observer randomized controlled feasibility trial.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Patients with cataracts undergoing routine phacoemulsification with either diabetic retinopathy or primary open-angle glaucoma of any severity were included and randomized to an infusion pressure of 30 ('LOW') or 60 ('HIGH') mmHg. All other fluidic settings were standardized. Surgical metrics and a range of imaging and clinical variables were measured pre- and postoperatively on days 1, 21 and 40.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Seventy eyes from 70 patients underwent surgery and completed follow-up. Forty-one patients had diabetic retinopathy and 29 had glaucoma. There was no difference in any of the recorded surgical metrics including cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) between the two randomization groups (mean CDE 6.5 versus 6.1 percent seconds in the HIGH and LOW groups respectively, p = 0.68). There were no patients in either group with posterior capsule rupture or other intraoperative complications. There was no significant difference in the number of patients with raised intraocular pressure (IOP) on day 1. Seven (21.2%) patients in the LOW and 5 (13.3%) in the HIGH group had slit lamp detectable corneal oedema on day 1, which had all resolved by day 21. There were no between group differences for visual acuity, IOP, corneal thickness, and any of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) acquired measures at any of the time points. The foveal avascular zone perimeter and area were significantly smaller on day 21 than at baseline in the HIGH group as compared to the LOW group (P = 0.03 and 0.04 respectively), with a corresponding increase in the superficial vascular plexus density (p = 0.04).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Using an infusion pressure of 30mmHg with standardized aspiration fluidic settings on the Centurion active sentry system did not decrease surgical efficiency or increase complication rates compared to a pressure of 60mmHg. The lower infusion pressure may cause fewer short-term changes in the retinal microvasculature, the long-term significance of which is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key messages: &lt;/strong&gt;What is known Traditionally, phacoemulsification has been carried out under relatively high intraocular pressure (IOP) to mitigate the effects of post occlusion aspiration surge during lens removal.  A new enhanced phacoemulsification fluidics system has reduced surge allowing surgeons to operate at considerably lower, and more physiological IOP levels. What i","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractive changes after cataract removal in infancy: comparing eyes with and without persistent fetal vasculature.","authors":"Ana Navarrete, Brice Nguedia Vofo, Hadas Mechoulam, Milka Matanis-Suidan, Nur Azem, Ilana Karshai, Ran David, Irene Anteby","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06841-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-025-06841-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the refractive changes after congenital cataract surgery in persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) vs. non-PFV eyes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective study of 75 eyes with PFV or non-PFV congenital cataract, who underwent surgery before age 7 months (unilateral/first operated eye), during 2007-2018 at a tertiary referral center, with follow-up ≥ one-year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>27 eyes (36%) had PFV, 48 were non-PFV cataracts. Mean age (± SD) at surgery in children with PFV was 2.24 ± 1.23 months and 2.44 ± 1.51 months in the non-PFV group. Mean post-operative follow-up was 64.94 ± 34.67 months. 60% of the eyes remained aphakic for the entire follow-up. In aphakic children, the mean post-operative spherical equivalent (SE) in the PFV eye was + 18.74D, + 15.73D, + 13.88D, + 12.51D, + 11.29D at one-month, one-year, two-years, three-years and five-years respectively. In the non-PFV eye the SE was + 23.00D, + 20.44D, + 17.84D, + 17.52D, + 18.48D at one-month, one-year, two-years, three-years and five-years respectively. During the entire post-operative course, the SE remained less hyperopic in the PFV eyes (p < 0.01). The rate of emmetropization was similar for PFV and non-PFV eyes. Five-years after surgery the mean myopic shift was -6.82 ± 4.32 D in the PFV eyes and -5.47 ± 2.44D in the non-PFV eyes (p > 0.05). The changes in refraction error did not correlate with either presence of glaucoma, secondary cataract, amblyopia or strabismus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eyes with PFV have a similar rate of emmetropization as other pediatric congenital cataracts. Interestingly, aphakic PFV eyes have a less hyperopic refraction during one-month and up to five-years after surgery as compared to non-PFV eyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracellular dark endothelial spots: A new imaging biomarker for the development of bullous keratopathy after cataract surgery.","authors":"Taiyo Shijo, Yukari Yagi-Yaguchi, Osama Ibrahim, Hirotsugu Kasamatsu, Yurina Mori-Ogiwara, Daisuke Tomida, Hisashi Noma, Dogru Murat, Takefumi Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06846-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-025-06846-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Intracellular dark endothelial spots (IDES) on specular microscopy indicate corneal endothelial stress, and can be an imaging biomarker for subsequent endothelial cell density (ECD) loss after endothelial keratoplasty. This study evaluated the risk factors for the development of bullous keratopathy (BK) by comparing low ECD patients with or without IDES before cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 106 consecutive patients who underwent cataract surgery with a preoperative ECD of less than 1000 cells/mm². The patients were divided into 2 groups according to presence of IDES. The medical charts were retrospectively reviewed for preoperative central corneal thickness (CCT), ECD, anterior chamber depth (ACD), presence of IDES, presence of guttae, grade of nuclear sclerosis, intraoperative posterior capsule rupture (PCR) and development of BK after cataract surgery. The clinical factors were compared in patients with or without IDES and the risk factors for BK after cataract surgery were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean preoperative ECD was 687 ± 124 cells/mm². IDES were observed in 41 eyes (38.7%). IDES were significantly more common in eyes with shallow ACD than in those with deep ACD (P = 0.033). Twenty-two eyes (20.8%) developed BK after cataract surgery. IDES were significantly associated with the development of BK (31.7%) compared to those without BK (13.9%, P = 0.03). CCT, nuclear sclerosis, PCR, and IDES were identified as significant risk factors for postoperative BK (P < 0.0083).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IDES can be used as a new imaging biomarker that suggests a potential risk for development of BK in patients with shallow anterior chamber who are to undergo cataract surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene therapy in neovascular age related macular degeneration: an update.","authors":"Erika Quesada, Sofía Rojas, Xiomara Campos, Lihteh Wu","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06837-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-025-06837-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NV-AMD) is a leading cause of preventable blindness in the elderly. Intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents are currently the treatment of choice for NV-AMD. However this treatment is burdensome and fosters non-compliance which leads to inferior visual outcomes. Gene therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for NV-AMD that may improve these outcomes. Potential risks of gene therapy include a potential immune response that may be elicited by the vector, accidental activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppresor genes leading to malignant transformation via insertational mutagenesis and integration of the viral DNA inserts into the host's DNA. The main strategy of current gene therapy for NV-AMD has focused on delivering transgenes that express anti-angiogenic proteins that directly or indirectly inhibit the VEGF pathway. Ixoberogene soroparvovec, RGX-314 and 4D-150 are the leading NV-AMD genetic treatment programs. Pre-clinical models suggest that genome surgery with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) may be another option in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroadaptation to multifocal intraocular lenses: preliminary observations of a cognitive influence.","authors":"Victoria S Pelak, Michael Taravella, Nathan C Grove, Jennifer L Patnaik","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06832-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-025-06832-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of ocular surface microbiota in children with blepharoconjunctivitis.","authors":"Burçin Çakır, Büşra Güner Sönmezoğlu, Elif Özözen Şahin, Mehmet Köroğlu, Nilgün Özkan Aksoy","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06836-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-025-06836-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the conjunctival and eyelid margin bacterial microbiota in children with blepharoconjunctivitis by using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective cross-sectional study, 20 children aged between 3-15 years with blepharoconjunctivitis or blepharokeratokonjunctivitis formed Blepharitis Group and 21 children aged between 3-15 years without any ocular and sysemic diseases except mild refractive errors formed Control Group. Swap samples from all children were taken. The alpha diversity of the ocular surface microbiota within each group were evaluated by using Shannon's, Simpson, and Chao index. Beta diversity was evaluated by Bray Curtis index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microbiological diversity was higher in the patient group than in the control group. According to Shannon's, Simpson, and Chao index, there were statistically difference between groups (p: 0.000013, p:000003 p: 0.00235, respectively). According to the Bray Curtis index, the healthy eye microbiome in the control group is observed to be highly similar, consistent with other analyses, and the overlapping cluster with the blepharitis eye microbiome is quite low (pco1: 40.93%). Sphingoblump, Micrococus, Lacnospiracebacterium, Stenothermophilus, Aurelmonass, Micrococus, Blatiabeum, Delfiacdiovorans and Vellonella densities were found to be higher in the patient group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both alpha and beta diversity analyses were significantly higher in pediatric age group patients with blepharitis. In addition, Lacnospiracebacterium, Stenothermophilus, Aurelmonass, Micrococus, Blatiabeum, Delfiacdiovorans and Vellonella densities were found to be higher, which may lead to future studies focused on diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of generative adversarial networks in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of ophthalmic diseases.","authors":"Robert Doorly, Joshua Ong, Ethan Waisberg, Prithul Sarker, Nasif Zaman, Alireza Tavakkoli, Andrew G Lee","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06830-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-025-06830-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are key components of many artificial intelligence (AI) systems that are applied to image-informed bioengineering and medicine. GANs combat key limitations facing deep learning models: small, unbalanced datasets containing few images of severe disease. The predictive capacity of conditional GANs may also be extremely useful in managing disease on an individual basis. This narrative review focusses on the application of GANs in ophthalmology, in order to provide a critical account of the current state and ongoing challenges for healthcare professionals and allied scientists who are interested in this rapidly evolving field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a search of studies that apply generative adversarial networks (GANs) in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of eight eye diseases. These disparate tasks were selected to highlight developments in GAN techniques, differences and common features to aid practitioners and future adopters in the field of ophthalmology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The studies we identified show that GANs have demonstrated capacity to: generate realistic and useful synthetic images, convert image modality, improve image quality, enhance extraction of relevant features, and provide prognostic predictions based on input images and other relevant data.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The broad range of architectures considered describe how GAN technology is evolving to meet different challenges (including segmentation and multi-modal imaging) that are of particular relevance to ophthalmology. The wide availability of datasets now facilitates the entry of new researchers to the field. However mainstream adoption of GAN technology for clinical use remains contingent on larger public datasets for widespread validation and necessary regulatory oversight.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}