{"title":"Modular trifluoromethylselenolation and fluoroalkylselenolation via Ag(I)-mediated selenium nitrogen exchange reaction of benzothiaselenazole-1-oxides","authors":"Xinyue Lin, Chensi Li, Zeqin Zhuang, Chongxian Liang, Min Wu, Wei Yi, Zhi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By virtue of benzothiaselenazole-1-oxides as versatile building blocks and masked sulfoximines, we present a novel and practical trifluoromethylselenolation/fluoroalkylselenolation strategy via Ag(I)-mediated selenium nitrogen exchange (SeNEx) reaction with readily available nucleophilic fluoroalkylation reagent. This protocol provides a novel bonding mode for constructing the fluoroalkylseleno (SeR<sub>f</sub>) moiety. Besides, it also features mild conditions and good compatibility, enabling the rapid incorporation of SeR<sub>f</sub> into the intriguing sulfoximine pharmacophore. Further divergent conversion of trifluoromethylseleno (SeCF<sub>3</sub>)-containing sulfoximines strengthens the synthetic utility of the developed transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 233-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meng Dai , Xiaojuan Yu , Xiaogang Peng , Zhiyong Guo, Huili Yu, Aitao Li
{"title":"Modulating regioselectivity of CYP107J3-catalyzed isophorone hydroxylation by disrupting the hydrophobic balance of the substrate binding pocket","authors":"Meng Dai , Xiaojuan Yu , Xiaogang Peng , Zhiyong Guo, Huili Yu, Aitao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>4-Hydroxyisophorone (4HIP) is an oxygenated intermediate derived from isophorone, serving as an important flavor and fragrance and chiral synthon of pharmaceutical drugs. In this study, a newly identified P450CYP107J3 from <em>Bacillus cereus</em> was found to prefer 4-hydroxylation of isophorone (80% regioselectivity) with 4HIP as the predominant product (59% product proportion). Bioinformatic analyses, including homologous modelling and molecular docking, reveal that four potential “hotspot” residues (L98, T300, M401 and V296) located on both sides of the substrate in the active pocket may control regioselectivity. By introducing polar residues to these hotspots to disrupt the hydrophobic balance, significant improvement in C4-regioselectivity was achieved by variants of L98, T300, and M401, with the most effective L98N exhibiting a notable enhancement of 93% C4-regioselectivity including 81% of 4HIP. Following, the double mutant L98N-M401F further improved both C4-regioselectivity (97%) and the proportion of 4HIP (86%). Remarkably, variant V296T essentially shifted regioselectivity from 4HIP to 6-hydroxyisophorone (6HIP) with an 80% preference for the latter, indicating the crucial role of V296 in controlling regioselectivity. Subsequently, the mechanism of regioselectivity of isophorone hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP107J3 was revealed by computational analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrated the generality of conserved hotspots L98 and V296 in mediating regioselectivity control in the CYP107J family members like CYP107J1 and CYP107J5. Overall, our study not only expands the biocatalytic toolbox for producing 4HIP and the <em>α</em>-hydroxy ketone 6HIP but also provides efficient engineering strategy and knowledge for the regioselectivity control of P450s in potential applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 198-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141885091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xueyang Guo , Boxuan Yao , Lirong Wen , Weisi Guo , Ming Li , Shaof Ni , Linbao Zhang
{"title":"Regioselectively electrochemical Csp3-H alkoxylation for functionalized indanone","authors":"Xueyang Guo , Boxuan Yao , Lirong Wen , Weisi Guo , Ming Li , Shaof Ni , Linbao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An electrochemical regioselective C<sub>sp3</sub>-H alkoxylation has been developed to synthesize functionalized 1-indanone. In this process, electricity serves as the formal terminal oxidant, while the molecular hydrogen produced by cathodic proton reduction acts as the sole by-product. This setup optimizes the economics of the oxidizing agent and contributes to the efficient production of valuable functionalized indanone. The use of mild reaction conditions and high regioselectivity makes the process highly practical. Furthermore, functionalized indanones can be synthesized through a one-pot method that involves the continuous oxidation of indan. The methodology can be easily executed on a gram scale, underscoring its potential applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 227-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuemei Zhao , Zhiyuan Tang , Linlin Shi , Yujing Guo , Rene M. Koenigs , Xinqi Hao
{"title":"Photochemical nitrene transfer reactions of iminoiodinanes with sulfoxides","authors":"Xuemei Zhao , Zhiyuan Tang , Linlin Shi , Yujing Guo , Rene M. Koenigs , Xinqi Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrene, as an important and intriguing versatile synthon, is widely utilized for the formation of diverse nitrogenous skeletons under thermal or photochemical conditions. Typically, the <em>N</em>-sulfonyl nitrenes could be smoothly generated from iminoiodinanes at relatively low reaction temperatures to generate <em>N</em>-sulfonyl nitrenes. Herein, we described the direct immidation reaction of iminoiodinanes with sulfoxides through a blue-light-induced nitrenes transfer process. This strategy offers an efficient and gentle pathway for directly obtaining sulfoximines within a reaction time of only 10 min. Moreover, the reaction conditions do not necessitate the exclusion of moisture or air, rendering this photocatalytic amination reaction highly practical. A broad range of iminoiodinanes were well tolerated and reacted with sulfoxides smoothly to give the corresponding products in moderate to good yields, which provides a practical and green protocol to access <em>N</em>-sulfonyl architectures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 211-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141049659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Li , Han Sun , Ting Shao , Albert S.C. Chan , Shan-Shui Meng
{"title":"Mn2(CO)10-catalyzed direct protic hydrogen transfer with unactivated alkenes","authors":"Tao Li , Han Sun , Ting Shao , Albert S.C. Chan , Shan-Shui Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transition-metal-catalyzed hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) reactions have proven to be effective strategies for obtaining important heterocycle scaffolds found in natural products. However, the electronic mismatch between metal catalysts and the protic hydrogen atom necessitates the use of excess oxidants and external reductive hydrogen sources in existing methods, which limit their practicality. To address this issue, we present a practical and efficient methodology for Mn₂(CO)₁₀-catalyzed intramolecular transfer of the protic hydrogen atom. A catalytic amount of <sup><em>t</em></sup>BuOOH is utilized promoting the HAT process, going beyond mere oxidation, thereby obviating the need for excess oxidants and external reductive hydrogen sources during the HAT process. Additionally, the dimeric manganese catalysis enables efficient dioxygenation, oxy-amination, oxy-sulfuration, and oxy-halogenation of alkenes. Comprehensive mechanistic studies have been done and suggest that a radical reaction pathway is involved in the proton transfer. This finding provides novel insights into the direct metal-catalyzed protic hydrogen atom-transfer reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 205-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiyun Li , Junwei Huang , Bingrong Chen , Shilong Dou , Xiaoxia Liu , Wei Zhu , Zhiran Ju , Fener Chen
{"title":"Advances in benzaldehyde lyase-catalyzed biotransformations: From enzyme engineering to industrial applications","authors":"Zhiyun Li , Junwei Huang , Bingrong Chen , Shilong Dou , Xiaoxia Liu , Wei Zhu , Zhiran Ju , Fener Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2025.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2025.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzaldehyde lyase (BAL), a thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzyme requiring divalent cations (<em>e.g.</em>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>), mediates enantioselective C-C bond formation and cleavage to exclusively produce (<em>R</em>)-configured <em>α</em>-hydroxy ketones. Recent integration of rational enzyme design, materials science, and green chemistry innovations has significantly broadened BAL's catalytic versatility. These advances establish BAL as a pivotal tool in sustainable chiral synthesis, enabling efficient construction of high-value molecules for medicinal chemistry, agrochemicals, and advanced materials. This review highlights BAL's emerging applications in biotransformation over the last fifteen years (2010–2025), including multi-enzyme combinations and multidisciplinary collaborations. It presents groundbreaking results that provide both theoretical foundations and scalable solutions for pharmaceutical and industrial processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 138-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ge Qu , Fangrui Zhong , Jian Xu , Xiaoqiang Huang , Zhoutong Sun
{"title":"Intelligent enzyme design and hybrid catalytic systems: Driving innovation in biocatalysis","authors":"Ge Qu , Fangrui Zhong , Jian Xu , Xiaoqiang Huang , Zhoutong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enzyme engineering has emerged as a pivotal technology driving advances in biocatalysis, environmental remediation, and green chemistry. It is undergoing a transformative shift, propelled by the synergistic integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and innovative hybrid catalytic strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the field, emphasizing the optimization and advantages of enzyme-based catalytic systems. It examines how AI has revolutionized enzyme design, enabling unprecedented precision and efficiency. Furthermore, the integration of enzymatic catalysis with thermochemical, photochemical, and electrochemical principles is discussed, highlighting synergistic strategies that enhance reaction performance and expand application scope. Together, the convergence of AI-guided design with chemo-enzymatic, photoenzymatic, and electroenzymatic strategies is forging a new frontier in biocatalysis, offering sustainable and efficient solutions to synthetic challenges across pharmaceuticals, green chemistry, and renewable energy. Finally, the review considers the implications of these developments for sustainable industrial practices and suggests promising avenues for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 157-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youfeng Han , Beibei Zhang , Zhixiang Wang , Xiangyu Chen
{"title":"N-heterocyclic nitrenium-catalyzed photoreductive radical-polar crossover for alkene dicarbofunctionalization","authors":"Youfeng Han , Beibei Zhang , Zhixiang Wang , Xiangyu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The photoredox radical-polar crossover paradigm is a valuable tool for 1,2-difunctionalization of alkenes. However, the use of unactivated alkyl halides as radical precursors remains far less developed. Here, we report a photoreductive <em>N</em>-heterocyclic nitrenium-catalyzed radical-polar crossover for the 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes by using unactivated alkyl and aryl iodides. These reactions can be carried out under simple, transition-metal-free conditions with easily obtainable materials such as alkyl/aryl halides, alkenes, and aldehydes. The reactions exhibit a broad range of substrate compatibility and good tolerance towards functional groups. This approach offers a new tool to unlock the compatibility of carbon skeletons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 175-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Li , Yihui Ou , Xingyu Zhang , Xinru Li , Xin Liu , Chenguang Liu , Fener Chen
{"title":"Visible light induced synthesis of the Benzoyl bioisosteres: bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-ketone group","authors":"Jing Li , Yihui Ou , Xingyu Zhang , Xinru Li , Xin Liu , Chenguang Liu , Fener Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzoyl groups are commonly found in the structures of various pharmaceuticals, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), central nervous system stimulants, antihyperlipidemic agents, and hypnotics. Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-ketone group can serve as bioisostere for benzoyl groups, enhancing 3D spatial complexity, reducing off-target effects, and improving lipophilicity and solubility of the drug molecules. Herein, we present a visible light-induced approach for the synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-ketone, characterized by mild reaction temperature and excellent tolerance to oxidation-sensitive substituents such as -NH<sub>2</sub>, -methylthio and ferrocenyl group. The method delivers all products in moderate to high yields. Mechanistic studies revealed the formation of <sup><em>t</em></sup>Butyl-bicyclo[1.1.1] pentane ether explained the requirement for stoichiometric amounts of <sup><em>t</em></sup>BuOOH rather than catalytic quantities, in despite of the redox-neutral nature of this reaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 223-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Sánchez , Gabriela Tonetto , María Luján Ferreira
{"title":"Novel biocatalyst derived from Araujia sericifera latex: Synthesis and applications","authors":"Daniel Sánchez , Gabriela Tonetto , María Luján Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.gresc.2025.03.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gresc.2025.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biocatalysts with lipase activity are increasingly required in different industrial sectors since they promote a large number of reactions with high selectivity and yield under mild conditions, promoting the development of more sustainable processes. Lipases derived from the latex of laticiferous plants are receiving increasing attention because they are easy to obtain and inexpensive. In this work, we have studied the synthesis of biocatalysts with lipase activity through the entrapment of microparticles of <em>Araujia sericifera</em> latex in a cross-linked chitosan matrix. The effect of the chitosan solution concentration (3–15 mg/ml), the cross-linking agent solution concentration (0–0.5 mol/l), the cross-linking time (0–60 min), the weight ratio latex microparticles/chitosan (1:1–3:1 wt/weight) and the pH value of the capture medium at the time of adding the latex microparticles (3–6) on the synthesis and activity of biocatalysts was studied. The performance of the entrapped microparticles synthesized under optimal conditions was evaluated in hydrolysis, esterification, and transesterification reactions with extremely promising results. This new biocatalyst showed comparable activity to Novozym 435, but its chemical and mechanical stability was considerably higher. It could be a good competitor for this prestigious commercial biocatalyst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12794,"journal":{"name":"Green Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 188-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}