Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"A framework for handling uncertainty in a large-scale programme estimating the Global Burden of Animal Diseases.","authors":"Helen E Clough, Gemma L Chaters, Arie H Havelaar, K Marie McIntyre, Thomas L Marsh, Ellen C Hughes, Wudu T Jemberu, Deborah Stacey, Joao Sucena Afonso, William Gilbert, Kassy Raymond, Jonathan Rushton","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1459209","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1459209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Livestock provide nutritional and socio-economic security for marginalized populations in low and middle-income countries. Poorly-informed decisions impact livestock husbandry outcomes, leading to poverty from livestock disease, with repercussions on human health and well-being. The Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) programme is working to understand the impacts of livestock disease upon human livelihoods and livestock health and welfare. This information can then be used by policy makers operating regionally, nationally and making global decisions. The burden of animal disease crosses many scales and estimating it is a complex task, with extensive requirements for data and subsequent data synthesis. Some of the information that livestock decision-makers require is represented by quantitative estimates derived from field data and models. Model outputs contain uncertainty, arising from many sources such as data quality and availability, or the user's understanding of models and production systems. Uncertainty in estimates needs to be recognized, accommodated, and accurately reported. This enables robust understanding of synthesized estimates, and associated uncertainty, providing rigor around values that will inform livestock management decision-making. Approaches to handling uncertainty in models and their outputs receive scant attention in animal health economics literature; indeed, uncertainty is sometimes perceived as an analytical weakness. However, knowledge of uncertainty is as important as generating point estimates. Motivated by the context of GBADs, this paper describes an analytical framework for handling uncertainty, emphasizing uncertainty management, and reporting to stakeholders and policy makers. This framework describes a hierarchy of evidence, guiding movement from worst to best-case sources of information, and suggests a stepwise approach to handling uncertainty in estimating the global burden of animal disease. The framework describes the following pillars: background preparation; models as simple as possible but no simpler; assumptions documented; data source quality ranked; commitment to moving up the evidence hierarchy; documentation and justification of modelling approaches, data, data flows and sources of modelling uncertainty; uncertainty and sensitivity analysis on model outputs; documentation and justification of approaches to handling uncertainty; an iterative, up-to-date process of modelling; accounting for accuracy of model inputs; communication of confidence in model outputs; and peer-review.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1459209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an internalin-based double-antibody sandwich quantitative ELISA for the detection of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> in slaughterhouse environments.","authors":"Qing Cao, Wenjing Shi, Yanquan Wei, Jiayu Wang, Zhonglong Wang, Qian Chong, Qianqian Guo, Kunzhong Zhang, Wenyan Gai, Huitian Gou, Huiwen Xue","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1517845","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1517845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> causes zoonotic listeriosis with a high mortality rate, which is frequently detected in slaughterhouse processing environments and animal-based food. To enable the specific, rapid, and cost-effective detection of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> in environments and animal-based food, we developed a double-antibody sandwich quantitative ELISA (DAS-qELISA) method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The method is based on monoclonal antibodies targeting internalin G (InlG), a surface protein of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> with demonstrated immunogenicity. The antibody pair 1D2-2H10 was selected for use in the sandwich ELISA format. Optimization of the DAS-qELISA method was carried out to determine its detection limits for InlG protein and <i>L. monocytogenes</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The detection limits of the method were determined to be 32 ng/mg for the InlG protein and 7875.83 CFU/mL for <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. The accuracy of the method was evaluated across various bacterial concentrations, with results falling within 91.56-107.07% and a coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 10%. Compared to traditional methods, this approach requires only 12 h of bacterial enrichment and incubation to achieve 100% accuracy.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The DAS-qELISA developed in this study provides a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective tool for the detection of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> in environmental and animal-based food samples. This method could be a valuable addition to current diagnostic approaches, offering quicker turnaround times and high accuracy for pathogen detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1517845"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute whole-body vibration as a recovery strategy did not alter the content of gluteus medius monocarboxylate-transporters, lactatemia, and acidosis induced by intense exercise in horses.","authors":"Júlia Ribeiro Garcia Carvalho, Nathali Adrielli Agassi Sales, Thayssa Oliveira Littiere, Guilherme Barbosa Costa, Catarina Mariano Castro, Emanuel Elias Camolese Polisel, Juan Bordon Orsi, Gabriel Vieira Ramos, Ivan Felismino Charas Santos, Claudio Alexandre Gobatto, Fúlvia Barros Manchado-Gobatto, Guilherme Camargo Ferraz","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1538195","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1538195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Several studies have explored alternatives to enhance the performance, health, and safety of sports horses. One promising method involves the use of vibrating platforms (VP), which offer passive exercise stimulation via mechanical oscillations distributed throughout the body. This type of exercise is referred to as whole-body vibration (WBV) and is an emerging strategy for accelerating muscle recovery. This study examined the dynamics of proteins responsible for transporting monocarboxylates (MCT1 and MCT4), and their relationship with lactatemia and acid-base balance in connection with WBV recovery following intense treadmill exercise in horses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight crossbred horses underwent the standardized exercise test on the treadmill to determine the velocity corresponding to the lactate threshold. This velocity was used to prescribe the external load of the acute intense exercise bout (AIEB), which was performed to recruit rapidly fatigable type II muscle fibers and induce hyperlactatemia and metabolic acidosis. The horses were assigned to three experimental groups in a crossover design, with a 7-day washout period. The treadmill group (TG) actively recovered through low-intensity treadmill walking. The WBV group (WBVG) followed a stepwise recovery protocol on VP, with each step lasting 2 min and the frequencies decreasing in a specific order: 76, 66, 55, 46, and 32 Hz. The sham group (SG) was designated for horses with the VP turned off. All groups experienced a uniform recovery strategy duration of 10 min. Heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (RT), lactatemia, glycemia, acid-base status and electrolytes, strong ion difference (SID), and muscle monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4), were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AIEB induced positive chronotropic effects, hyperlactatemia and moderate metabolic acidosis in all experimental groups. All groups also showed transitory hyperthermia, hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, hyperchloremia, hyperkalemia and SID reduction. HR was higher in TG than in the WBVG and SG immediately after the recovery procedures. Between the groups, there was no change in RT, lactatemia, glycemia and MCT1 and MCT4 content. Regardless of groups, the MCT4 content decreased 3 and 6 h after recovery strategies.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>It was concluded that a single whole-body vibration session did not enhance recovery of lactatemia or acid-base balance in horses after intense treadmill exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1538195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11925038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Bluetongue and the distribution of <i>Culicoides</i> species in northern and southern regions of Kazakhstan in 2023-2024.","authors":"Kuandyk Zhugunissov, Dias Muzarap, Nuraiym Sarsenkulova, Muratbay Mambetaliyev, Sanat Kilibayev, Moldir Azanbekova, Marzhan Kenzhebayeva, Shalkar Tabys, Madina Abayeva, Aibarys Melisbek, Nurkuisa Rametov, Kulyaisan Sultankulova, Shawn Babiuk, Aruna Ambagala, Aslan Kerimbayev","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1559636","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1559636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a significant vector-borne pathogen affecting ruminants, leading to substantial economic losses, and adversely impacting livestock production worldwide. Recently, Bluetongue (BT) has emerged as a growing concern for European and Asian countries, including Kazakhstan. This study examines the prevalence and distribution of BTV in Kazakhstan during 2023-2024, providing up-to-date information on its occurrence in livestock and <i>Culicoides</i> species. The findings aim to contribute to better understanding and management of BT in the region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 972 whole blood and 972 serum samples were collected from cattle, sheep, and goats in the southern and northern regions of Kazakhstan, alongside 11,859 <i>Culicoides</i> midges in the autumn of 2023 and Spring of 2024. The serum samples were tested for BT virus (BTV)-specific antibodies using ELISA, while the whole blood and <i>Culicoides</i> specimens were analyzed for BTV RNA by Real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). Morphological and molecular identification of <i>Culicoides</i> species was also conducted.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The overall seroprevalence of BTV in Southern Kazakhstan increased across all animal species in 2024 compared to 2023, with goats showing the most notable rise (from 3.8% to 29.5%). In the northern regions, seroprevalence remained zero in 2023 but reached 10.0% in cattle by 2024. rRT-PCR results confirmed active virus circulation, with rRT-PCR-positive samples significantly higher in 2024, especially among goats (from 4.2% in 2023 to 62.0% in 2024) and cattle (from 9.2% to 34.4%). Based on morphology, nine species of <i>Culicoides</i> midges were identified, including <i>C. obsoletus</i> a known BTV vector in European countries. Four of them were genetically confirmed, and BTV RNA was detected in all four species (<i>C. miutissimus, C. sphagnumensis, C. newsteadi</i>, and <i>C. pectipennis</i>), suggesting their potential vectorial role in BTV transmission.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study provides new insights into the epidemiology of BT in Kazakhstan and serves as a valuable resource for veterinary professionals. The findings emphasize the need for continued surveillance and vector control strategies to mitigate the spread of BTV in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1559636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond ordinal scales: making animal welfare count in policy analysis.","authors":"Bob Fischer","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1556475","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1556475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal welfare is typically assessed using ordinal scales. That is, standard welfare assessment tools rank conditions relative to one another without claiming that one condition is worse than another by some specific magnitude. However, there are some practical purposes for which ordinal scales are insufficient, such as accounting for animal welfare in policy analysis. Here, I argue that insofar as we want standard policy analysis tools to capture impacts on animal welfare in a way that is scope sensitive-that is, in a way that properly recognizes differences in the number of animals affected-we need ways of representing animal welfare on ratio scales, not merely ordinal ones. Then, I briefly explain how some economists, who play important roles in policy analysis, are beginning to do this without the assistance of animal welfare scientists, veterinarians, and others. So, this perspective article serves as a call to those stakeholders, inviting them to collaborate with economists and policy analysts to improve existing methods or develop better alternatives that meet current needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1556475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae and <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> in long-tailed ground squirrels (<i>Spermophilus undulatus</i>) and their ectoparasites.","authors":"Xiaoshuang Han, Ziheng Liu, Zhixian Jiang, Shanshan Zhao, Sándor Hornok, Meihua Yang, Gang Liu, Yuanzhi Wang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1553152","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1553152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-tailed ground squirrels (LTGRs, <i>Spermophilus undulatus</i>) are known as reservoirs of multiple arthropod-borne pathogens, such as <i>Yersinia pestis</i> and <i>Bartonella rochalimae</i>. However, data on the prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) and <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> in LTGRs and its ectoparasites are limited. In two alpine regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR, northwestern China), a total of 346 samples were collected from 142 LTGRs, including 142 livers and 204 pooled ectoparasites (<i>Citellophilus tesquorum dzetysuensis</i>: 120 pools of 484 fleas; <i>Frontopsylla elatoides elatoides</i>: 19 pools of 71 fleas; <i>Neopsylla mana</i>: 1 pool of 4 fleas; and <i>Linognathoides urocitelli</i>: 64 pools of 865 lice). From these samples, the DNA was extracted, followed by PCR amplification of different genetic markers. Particularly, genes encoding the outer membrane protein A and B (<i>ompA</i>, <i>ompB</i>), citrate synthase (<i>gltA</i>), and surface cell antigen 1 (<i>sca1</i>) were used to identify the SFGR. Additionly, the capsular outer membrane protein (<i>Com1</i>) gene and insertion sequence (<i>IS1111</i>) genes were used to detect <i>Coxiella</i>. <i>Rickettsia sibirica</i> subsp. <i>sibirica</i>, <i>Rickettsia felis</i>, and <i>C. burnetii</i> were detected in LTGRs, as well as in flea and louse pools. <i>Rickettsia raoultii</i> was found in LTGRs and flea pools. Furthermore, <i>Rickettsia slovaca</i> was also identified in the flea pools. This study provides molecular evidence for the occurrence of SFGR and <i>C. burnetii</i> in LTGRs and their ectoparasites. These findings suggest that <i>R. sibirica</i>, <i>R. slovaca</i>, <i>R. raoultii</i>, <i>R. felis</i> and <i>C. burnetii</i> are transmitted between LTGRs (as potential reservoirs) and their fleas and lice (as potential vectors).</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1553152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of positive end-expiratory pressure and recruitment maneuver on healthy lungs in dogs assessed by functional and anatomical monitoring methods.","authors":"Martina Mosing, Andreas D Waldmann, Thom C Gent, Giselle Hosgood, Nadja S Sieber-Ruckstuhl, Matthias Dennler, Peter Herrmann, Karin Unger","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1545683","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1545683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Atelectasis is a common occurrence during anesthesia, and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation and recruitment maneuvers (RM) can be used to mitigate this. However, both techniques may be associated with side effects in healthy lungs, and close monitoring is indicated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PEEP and RM in healthy dogs and to compare functional lung monitoring methods by electrical impedance tomography (EIT), volumetric capnography (VCap), and blood gas analysis with the gold-standard anatomical monitoring provided by computed tomography (CT).</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Nine healthy Beagle dogs underwent anesthesia and mechanical ventilation three times. After 35 min using zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP), CT images, VCap, EIT measurements, and arterial blood gas samples were taken. Thereafter, either (1) ZEEP was continued, (2) PEEP initiated or (3) an RM was performed followed by PEEP. Ten minutes after changing the ventilation mode all measurements were repeated. Only one ventilation mode was employed during each anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During RM, we found a significant increase in the percentage of overaerated lung (V_hyper) (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while the amount of normally aerated lung (V_normal), poorly aerated lung and non-aerated lung decreased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). VCap showed an increase in airway dead space (VD_aw/VT) (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and a decrease in alveolar dead space (VD_alv/VT_alv). For PEEP, an increase in airway dead space (<i>p</i> = 0.003) was found. For both groups, the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled per breath (VTCO_2,br) decreased (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and EIT showed a shift of the center of ventilation to the dependent lung areas (<i>p</i> = 0.021 and <i>p</i> = 0.046, respectively). Oxygenation was superior in RM compared to ZEEP (<i>p</i> = 0.033). The arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreased in RM (<i>p</i> = 0.012). Positive associations were found between V_hyper and VD_aw/VT (<i>p</i> = 0.004), V_hyper and VD_aw/VT (<i>p</i> = 0.004), V_hyper and V_normal with VTCO_2,br (<i>p</i> = 0.002 for both). Negative associations were found between V_hyper and VD_alv/VT_alv (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and non-dependent silent spaces (<i>p</i> = 0.050), and V_normal with oxygenation (<i>p</i> = 0.030).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While RM may be effective in improving gas exchange, it appears to be not benign in healthy lungs, and PEEP might be the preferable strategy to avoid lung collapse during anesthesia. Functional monitoring - EIT, VCap, blood gas analysis - does not detect changes corresponding to anatomical findings on CT.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1545683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research in veterinary sciences in Kazakhstan (2018-2023): developments, gaps and opportunities.","authors":"Gulzhan N Yessembekova, Akhylbek K Kurishbayev, Aruzhan S Abdrakhmanova, Kuantar D Alikhanov, Asem Dj Abenova, Andres M Perez, Sarsenbay K Abdrakhmanov","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1523732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1523732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ensuring the welfare of livestock farms, safety of livestock products, control of epizootic situation in Kazakhstan depend on the development of scientific and technical progress. In response to this situation, in order to support the achievement of the strategic development goal, an order for the development of higher education and science in the Republic of Kazakhstan has been implemented with the aim of gradually increasing investment in scientific research to 1% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). Our assessment of the scientific output of veterinary sciences in Kazakhstan over the five-year period 2018-2023 demonstrated progress. The total investment in veterinary science has increased to 14 billion KZT, i.e., from 2018, the funding of projects has become annual, previously it was once every 3 years. The consequence of this transformation was a 5-fold increase in the number of published articles for example, in 2022-2023 their number reached 50 compared to 2018-2019, where the number was barely 10. Despite the positive trend in veterinary science in recent years there are still gaps in the form of inadequate funding (only 20 funded projects per year with an average allocation of <200,000 USD per project), the productivity of the scientific community has been lower than expected: 91 peer-reviewed publications were published in first quartile journals over 5 years, which is an average of one publication in first quartile journals per year for every 32 PhD researchers (with a total of 584 PhDs), concentration of science only in large cities of Kazakhstan (Astana, Almaty), scientific developments of scientists are not commercialized and have no feedback with production. Thus, there is a need to continue to improve the effectiveness of veterinary research in combination with education and retraining, as well as increasing the participation of underserved regions and communities in the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1523732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing sequencing data for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV): tracking genetic evolution dynamics and emerging sequences in US swine industry.","authors":"Srijita Chandra, Guilherme Cezar, Kinath Rupasinghe, Edison Magalhães, Gustavo S Silva, Marcelo Almeida, Bret Crim, Eric Burrough, Phillip Gauger, Darin Madson, Joseph Thomas, Michael Zeller, Jianqiang Zhang, Rodger Main, Albert Rovira, Mary Thurn, Paulo Lages, Cesar Corzo, Matthew Sturos, Kimberly VanderWaal, Hemant Naikare, Franco Matias-Ferreyra, Rob McGaughey, Jamie Retallick, Sara McReynolds, Jordan Gebhardt, Angela Pillatzki, Jon Greseth, Darren Kersey, Travis Clement, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Beth Thompson, Jonah Perkins, Melanie Prarat, Dennis Summers, Craig Bowen, Joseph Boyle, Kenitra Hendrix, James Lyons, Kelli Werling, Andreia G Arruda, Mark Schwartz, Paul Yeske, Deborah Murray, Brigitte Mason, Peter Schneider, Samuel Copeland, Luc Dufresne, Daniel Boykin, Corrine Fruge, William Hollis, Rebecca Robbins, Thomas Petznick, Kurt Kuecker, Lauren Glowzenski, Megan Niederwerder, Xiaoqiu Huang, Daniel C L Linhares, Giovani Trevisan","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1571020","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1571020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the most important swine pathogen affecting the United States of America (USA), leading to significant economic losses. Despite advances in diagnostic testing, there remains a gap in understanding the genetic evolution of PRRSV, especially in tracking the emergence of novel sequences and their spread across different regions and production stages. This research addresses this gap by developing a systematic methodology for directly collecting and analyzing PRRSV ORF5 sequences from veterinary diagnostic laboratories. The study aimed to identify trends among collected sequences and emerging PRRSV sequences by integrating nucleotide sequence data with metadata, providing critical insights into their geographic distribution, collected specimens, swine age groups, lineages, variants, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns. As of December 2024, the database housed 115,643 PRRSV ORF5 sequences. Sublineages 1B, 1A, 1H, and 1C.5 were the major wild-type PRRSV sequences detected over time, whereas vaccine-like strains comprised mostly of sublineages 5A and 8A. A novel sequence detection system was implemented, categorizing sequences based on similarity thresholds, ambiguities, and length criteria, identifying 167 novel sequences for the period between 2010 and 2024, whereas only three had continued detection in the field over time, forming clusters of detection. The analysis of these novel sequences highlighted significant trends, including the dominance of grow-finish animals in sequence origin and the high number of detections of sublineage 5A. Production sites located in states with the largest swine inventory have contributed to the most frequent detection of new PRRSV strains. Additionally, the development of a web-based tool provides end users with the capability to search sequences similar to their query sequence, providing macroepidemiological information and genetic sequence features to support PRRSV management and control. Real-time PRRSV sequencing data analysis informs producers and veterinarians of any upcoming novel sequences and trends of detection. The findings are intended to enhance current surveillance efforts and support more effective strategies for managing PRRSV outbreaks, ultimately safeguarding animal health, economic sustainability in the swine industry, and ultimately contributing to national food production sovereignty through pork-derived products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1571020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk perception and transmission potential of <i>Neospora caninum</i> at the wildlife and livestock interface in Minnesota.","authors":"Larissa A Minicucci, Michelle Carstensen, Louis Cornicelli, Stacey A Elmore, Jitender P Dubey, Paul Wolf, Erik Hildebrand, Devin Tunseth","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1552390","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1552390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle with significant economic consequences for infected farms. We collected sympatric human dimensions, livestock, and wildlife data in a pilot study to assess the understanding and significance of <i>Neospora caninum</i> on Minnesota cattle farms and address the biases of producers who often implicate wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) for exposing cattle to this parasite. We surveyed veterinarians and producers to assess their knowledge and attitudes regarding <i>N. caninum</i>. We also conducted on-farm risk assessments and estimated <i>N. caninum</i> seroprevalence in domestic and wild animals. Our survey work showed that producers lack an understanding regarding neosporosis and an overall gap in communication exists between veterinarians and their clients relative to risks associated with <i>Neospora</i>. Overall seroprevalence for <i>N. caninum</i> on 10 farms (7 beef, 3 dairy) was 20.9% (<i>n</i> = 450 cattle tested), with individual herd seroprevalence ranging from 0 to 51.3% (median = 9.1%; mean = 16.4%, std. = 19.0%). We found no difference in seroprevalence of <i>N. caninum</i> between farms within and outside of wolf range. Seroprevalence among domestic canid samples was 64.3% (9/14) and among felid samples was 25% (5/20); most farms had at least one seropositive dog and cat. Most farms (90%) had at least one wildlife species test seropositive for <i>N. caninum</i>. On farm risk assessments, combined with serological data, provided strong evidence that domestic dogs present the greatest risk for exposure of <i>N. caninum</i> to cattle. Enhanced communication between veterinarians and producers can foster better outcomes by proactively reducing risk of disease transmission and accepting their role in the outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1552390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}