Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"mRNA expression profiles in muscle-derived extracellular vesicles of Large White and wild boar piglets reveal their potential roles in immunity and muscle phenotype.","authors":"Naixiang Yu, Xiaolong Chang, Jianchao Hu, Jianjun Li, Junwu Ma, Lusheng Huang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1452704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1452704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) known for their pivotal role in intercellular communication through RNA delivery, hold paramount implications for understanding muscle phenotypic variations in diverse pig breeds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we compared the mRNA expression profiles of <i>longissimus dorsi</i> muscles and muscle-derived extracellular vesicles (M-EVs), and also examined the diversity of enriched genes in M-EVs between weaned wild boars and commercial Large White pigs with respect to their numbers and biological functions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the study showed that the variation in the expression profiles of mRNAs between muscles and M-EVs was much greater than the variability between the respective breeds. Meanwhile, the enrichment trend of low-expressed genes (ranked <1,000) was significantly (<i>p</i>-value ≤ 0.05) powerful in M-EVs compared to highly expressed genes in muscles. In addition, M-EVs carried a smaller proportion of coding sequences and a larger proportion of untranslated region sequences compared to muscles. There were 2,110 genes enriched in M-EVs (MEGs) in Large White pigs and 2,322 MEGs in wild boars, with 1,490 MEGs shared interbreeds including <i>cyclin D2</i> (<i>CCND2</i>), which inhibits myogenic differentiation. Of the 89 KEGG pathways that were significantly enriched (<i>p</i>-value ≤ 0.05) for these MEGs, 13 unique to Large White pigs were mainly related to immunity, 27 unique to wild boars were functionally diverse but included cell fate regulation such as the Notch signaling pathway and the TGF-beta signaling pathway, and 49 were common to both breeds were also functionally complex but partially related to innate immunity, such as the Complement and coagulation cascades and the Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that mRNAs in M-EVs have the potential to serve as indicators of muscle phenotype differences between the two pig breeds, highlighting the need for further exploration into the role of EV-RNAs in pig phenotype formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis provides new insights into the response of canine intestinal epithelial cells treated by sulforaphane: a natural product of cruciferous origin.","authors":"Kaiqi Li, Jin Yan, Shiqi Wang, Chuyang Zhu, Qi Zhu, Sichen Lu, Ping Hu, Tadelle Dessie, In Ho Kim, Abdelkareem A Ahmed, Hao-Yu Liu, Wael Ennab, Demin Cai","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1460500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1460500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of canine intestinal epithelial cells following treatment with sulforaphane (SFN), a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables with established anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Through high-throughput sequencing, we identified 29,993 genes, among which 1,612 were differentially expressed, with 792 up-regulated and 820 down-regulated in response to SFN treatment. Our analysis revealed significant enrichment of genes in pathways associated with the inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress response, and T-cell mediated immunity, suggesting SFN's potential in modulating these biological processes. Notably, the PPARγ gene, which plays a crucial role in the body's oxidative stress and inflammatory response, was highly up-regulated, indicating its possible centrality in SFN's effects. Gene-gene interaction analysis further supported SFN's role in alleviating inflammation through PPARγ, with key genes in oxidative stress and inflammatory response pathways showing significant correlations with PPARγ. Overall, our findings provide molecular evidence for SFN's protective effects on canine intestinal health, potentially through the modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, with PPARγ emerging as a critical mediator.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11479859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Links between learning goals, learning activities, and learning outcomes in simulation-based clinical skills training: a systematic review of the veterinary literature.","authors":"Neeltje J Veenema, Beerend P Hierck, Harold G J Bok, Daniela C F Salvatori","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1463642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1463642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In veterinary education programs it is important to have a balance between providing students with valuable hands-on experience and ensuring the ethical treatment and welfare of the animals involved. In the last years simulation-based veterinary education played an important role helping with the replacement of experimental animals in education and at the same time creating a safe learning environment offering endless options for training in a safe environment. The aim of this systematic review was to discern which type of learning outcomes are used to evaluate specific learning goals of clinical skills training and to grasp the impact of diverse simulator characteristics on the measured learning outcomes in clinical skills training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search from 1977 until November 2023 has been conducted resulting in 103 included papers. The categories, learning goals, learning activities, and learning outcomes in clinical skills training were used for data extraction of all included studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study investigated the interplay between learning goals, learning activities, and learning outcomes. Competence and knowledge were the most frequently described learning outcomes; static and screen-based simulators are the are most frequently used technologies. Static simulators are primarily used to train procedural steps and screen-based simulators are primarily used to train relevant knowledge and clinical reasoning. Notably, none of the reviewed studies made explicit connections between learning goals, learning activities, and learning outcomes.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In simulation-based education it is important to provide a structured, constructively aligned process where students gain relevant and effective experience. The results of this study underscore the importance of aligning the learning process in simulation-based clinical skills training, and that alignment in the learning process is not always evident.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11479932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of Traumeel LT ad us. vet. on the perioperative inflammatory response after castration of stallions: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study.","authors":"Julia Laves, Melanie Wergin, Natali Bauer, Simon Franz Müller, Klaus Failing, Kathrin Büttner, Alina Hagen, Michaela Melzer, Michael Röcken","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1342345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1342345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stallion castration is a standard procedure with a risk of post-surgical complications. Castration induces an acute phase response (APR). Serum Amyloid-A (SAA) is a well-studied major acute phase protein (APP), that has been shown to be a good marker for the development of post-surgical complications. The current gold standard for reducing the APR after castration is Flunixin-Meglumin, which is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) inhibiting COX1/2. In contrast, Traumeel LT ad us. vet. can modulate the APR by induction of the inflammation resolution. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Flunixin-Meglumin and Traumeel LT ad us. vet. on the acute phase response.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 60 stallions were recruited and 54 stallions entered the study with 27 stallions in each treatment group. The stallions were treated pre- and postoperatively with either Flunixin-Meglumin (FL) or with Traumeel LT ad us. vet. (TR). Blood was taken before and 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after castration. The following main parameters were assessed: SAA, fibrinogen, iron, white blood cells, neutrophils, Interleukin1ß, and cortisol. Wound healing and pain were assessed at 8 time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main variable SAA was increased after surgery reaching a mean value of 122 µg/ml in the FL group and a mean SAA of 226 µg/ml in the TR group 48 h after surgery, reaching a significant difference only at the 24 h timepoint (<i>p</i> = 0.03). All stallions had the highest pain summary score 8 hours after surgery, with decreasing values thereafter. The pain scores were not statistically different at any time point. In the FL group five stallions developed a suture dehiscence compared to only one stallion in the TR group (<i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Within the limitations of this study, Traumeel LT ad us. vet. seems to have proresolving effects on the inflammation induced by surgery making it a valuable treatment to reduce the APR induced by castration. Due to its different mode of action, Traumeel LT ad us. vet. might be an alternative treatment option if gastrointestinal side effects or renal side effects of NSAIDs should be avoided. Further studies are needed combining Traumeel LT ad us. vet. and Flunixin.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11480072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of canine gonadal tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells for early myxomatous mitral valve disease.","authors":"Soyoung Jeung, Ju-Hyun An, Sung-Soo Kim, Hwa-Young Youn","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1404607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1404607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study explored the potential efficacy and safety of therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from gonadal tissue to address the early stage of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), the predominant cardiac condition in dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen dogs diagnosed with MMVD B1 were enrolled in this trial and assigned to either a control group (control group, <i>n</i> = 10) or a group that received MSC derived from gonadal tissue (treatment group, <i>n</i> = 6). In the treatment group, allogeneic MSC derived from gonadal tissue (1 × 10⁶ cells/kg) were intravenously administered at monthly intervals for five or more sessions. Data were compared at baseline and at the endpoint 1-year intervals. The efficacy was assessed using echocardiography, thoracic radiography, NT-proBNP, and the duration from B1 diagnosis to B2 transition to evaluate its effect on MMVD stage progression. Safety was evaluated through physical examinations, blood tests, imaging studies, and monitoring of adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 1 year of observation, the control group exhibited deteriorating echocardiographic parameters, whereas the treatment group displayed no substantial differences between baseline and endpoint measurements. Notably, a statistically significant disparity was noted in the left atrial diameter (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and E-wave velocity (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between the two groups, indicating a favorable impact of MSC derived from the gonadal tissue on left atrial pressure. Additionally, in contrast to the control group, the treatment group demonstrated delayed progression to MMVD stage B2, enabling them to prolong their disease duration without requiring cardiac medication (<i>p</i> = 0.038). In quality of life (QoL) metrics following MSC treatment, appetite showed a statistically significant improvement, increasing from 4 to 4.83 (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Treatment with gonadal tissue-derived MSCs significantly delayed MMVD stage progression, highlighting the broad potential of MSC derived from gonadal tissue for treating complex veterinary conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11480051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning tools used for mapping some immunogenic epitopes within the major structural proteins of the bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and for the <i>in silico</i> design of the multiepitope-based vaccines.","authors":"Nithyadevi Duraisamy, Mohd Yasir Khan, Abid Ullah Shah, Reda Nacif Elalaoui, Mohammed Cherkaoui, Maged Gomaa Hemida","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1468890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1468890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>BCoV is one of the significant causes of enteritis in young calves; it may also be responsible for many respiratory outbreaks in young calves. BCoV participates in the development of bovine respiratory disease complex in association with other bacterial pathogens. Our study aimed (1) to map the immunogenic epitopes (B and T cells) within the major BCoV structural proteins. These epitopes are believed to induce a robust immune response through the interaction with major histocompatibility complex (MHC class II) molecules (2) to design some novel BCoV multiepitope-based vaccines.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The goal is achieved through several integrated <i>in silico</i> prediction computational tools to map these epitopes within the major BCoV structural proteins. The final vaccine was constructed in conjugation with the Choleratoxin B toxin as an adjuvant. The tertiary structure of each vaccine construct was modeled through the AlphaFold2 tools. The constructed vaccine was linked to some immunostimulants such as Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4). We also predicted the affinity binding of these vaccines with this targeted protein using molecular docking. The stability and purity of each vaccine construct were assessed using the Ramachandran plot and the Z-score values. We created the <i>in silico</i> cloning vaccine constructs using various expression vectors through vector builder and Snap gene.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The average range of major BCoV structural proteins was detected within the range of 0.4 to 0.5, which confirmed their antigen and allergic properties. The binding energy values were detected between -7.9 and -9.4 eV and also confirmed their best interaction between our vaccine construct and Toll-like receptors. Our <i>in silico</i> cloning method expedited the creation of vaccine constructs and established a strong basis for upcoming clinical trials and experimental validations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our designed multiepitope vaccine candidates per each BCoV structural protein showed high antigenicity, immunogenicity, non-allergic, non-toxic, and high-water solubility. Further studies are highly encouraged to validate the efficacy of these novel BCoV vaccines in the natural host.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11479863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for ractopamine in goats.","authors":"Jing Ai, Yunfeng Gao, Fan Yang, Zhen Zhao, Jin Dong, Jing Wang, Shiyi Fu, Ying Ma, Xu Gu","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1399043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1399043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models can provide forecasts of the drug residues within the organism. Ractopamine (RAC) is a typical β-agonist. In this study, we developed a PBPK model for RAC in goats. The goal was to predict the distribution of the drug after multiple oral administrations. The preliminary PBPK model for RAC in goats performed well in predicting the drug's distribution in most tissues. In our sensitivity analysis, we found that the parameter of Qclu (Blood Flow Volume through Lungs) had the greatest impact on the RAC concentrations in plasma, liver, and kidney and was the most sensitive parameter. Furthermore, our study aimed to assess the withdrawal time (WT) of RAC in different tissues after RAC long-term exposure in goats. We found that the WT of RAC in the kidney was the longest, lasting for 13  days. Overall, the insights gained from this study have important implications for optimizing drug administration in goats and ensuring appropriate withdrawal times to prevent any potential risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11479929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal health as a function of farmer personality and attitude: using the HEXACO model of personality structure to predict farm-level seropositivity for <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> and <i>Ostertagia ostertagi</i> in dairy cows.","authors":"Markus Leinmueller, Friedemann Adler, Amely Campe, Gabriela Knubben-Schweizer, Martina Hoedemaker, Christina Strube, Andrea Springer, Andreas W Oehm","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1434612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1434612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Infections with <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> and <i>Ostertagia ostertagi</i> impinge upon dairy cow health and welfare and represent a major economic factor in livestock industry. Control measures largely rely on the use of anthelminthic drugs. However, reports of anthelmintic resistance necessitate sustainable approaches. Farmer characteristics such as attitude and personality are crucial for the implementation of control strategies and on-farm practices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, the HEXACO (Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, eXtraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to experience) model of personality structure, which conceptualizes human personality, was used to evaluate the relationship of farmer aspects with on-farm bulk tank milk seropositivity for <i>F. hepatica</i> and <i>O. ostertagi</i>. Moreover, information on farm structure, housing, management, and farmers' attitude was collected in a face-to-face interview. Farm-level seropositivity for <i>F. hepatica</i> and <i>O. ostertagi</i> was predicted via elastic net regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 193 farms housing 8,774 cows in the German Federal State of Bavaria, 47 farms (24.4%) were seropositive for <i>F. hepatica</i>, 77 farms (39.9%) for <i>O. ostertagi</i>, and 42 farms (21.8%) for both endoparasites. The model for <i>F. hepatica</i> seropositivity selected the covariates pasture access, <i>O. ostertagi</i> seropositivity, higher farmer conscientiousness, and organic farming as relevant predictors. Seropositivity for <i>O. ostertagi</i> was predicted by <i>F. hepatica</i> seropositivity, pasture access, organic farming, and farmers being neutral regarding their satisfaction with animal health on their farm. Higher values for the HEXACO factors extraversion and emotionality were inversely associated with <i>O. ostertagi</i> seropositivity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The present work emphasizes the importance of farmer traits in regard to animal health and parasite occurrence. For the effective acceptance and implementation of sustainable control strategies for livestock helminth infections, it is crucial to consider these aspects to holistically address the challenges of managing parasitic diseases. Moreover, tailored communication strategies can be developed incorporating the understanding of individual stockman characteristics and subsequently ensuring encouragement of stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11479864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the gut microbiome: a potential biomarker for wild animal welfare.","authors":"Sam Sonnega, Michael J Sheriff","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1474028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1474028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The welfare of wild animal populations is critically important to conservation, with profound implications for ecosystem health, biodiversity, and zoonotic disease transmission. Animal welfare is typically defined as the accumulated affective mental state of an animal over a particular time period. However, the assessment of animal welfare in the wild poses unique challenges, primarily due to the lack of universally applicable biomarkers. This perspective explores the potential role of the gut microbiome, a dynamic and non-invasive biomarker, as a novel avenue for evaluating animal welfare in wild animals. The gut microbiome, through interactions with the host's physiology, behavior, and cognition, offers a promising opportunity to gain insights into the well-being of animals. In this synthesis, we discuss the distinction between fitness and welfare, the complexities of assessing welfare in wild populations, and the linkages between the gut microbiome and aspects of animal welfare such as behavior and cognition. We lastly elucidate how the gut microbiome could serve as a valuable tool for wildlife managers, with the potential to serve as a non-invasive yet informative window into the welfare of wild animals. As this nascent field evolves, it presents unique opportunities to enhance our understanding of the well-being of wild animals and to contribute to the preservation of ecosystems, biodiversity, and human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11479891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel adomavirus associated with proliferative skin lesions affecting the dermal denticles of a sand tiger shark (<i>Carcharias taurus</i>).","authors":"Ashley L Powell, Alvin C Camus, John H Leary, Sarah N Miller, Cynthia M Bell, Terry Fei Fan Ng","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1470052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1470052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A captive sand tiger shark (<i>Carcharias taurus</i>) presented with progressive, hard, raised, miliary skin lesions localized to the lateral trunk and peduncle. Histopathologic evaluation of biopsy samples revealed dysplastic proliferation of odontogenic epithelium with the production of collagenous material. Inclusion bodies and viral particles were not observed with light or transmission electron microscopy, respectively. However, using next generation sequencing with Illumina MiSeq and PCR followed by Sanger sequencing, the complete genome of a novel adomavirus, tentatively named sand tiger shark adomavirus (STAdoV), was obtained from the affected tissue. The genome was circular and 18.5 kilobases with bidirectionally transcribed genes, namely EO1, EO2 & 4, EO3, LO4, LO5, LO6, LO7, LO8, and SET. <i>In situ</i> hybridization using RNAscope® technology and a STAdoV specific probe localized viral DNA to the nuclei of proliferating epithelial cells. Adomaviruses are an emerging viral group with structural and replicative genes sharing a complex evolutionary history with adenoviruses and small circular DNA tumor viruses including papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses. Adomaviruses are described in a number of fish species in association with both necrotizing and proliferative diseases. BLAST analysis of the viral genome revealed greatest nucleotide identity (71.29%) to guitarfish adomavirus (GAdoV), another elasmobranch virus associated with proliferative (epidermal) skin lesions. Lesions in the index animal persisted for approximately 1 year during which time four conspecifics developed similar proliferations. Ultimately, lesions in all sharks regressed spontaneously without recurrence for 2 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11480009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}