Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiological insights into bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine rotavirus in diarrheic Yaks on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.","authors":"Jizong Zhang, Yixin Wang, Quan Mo, Lan Lan, Yao Pan, Wei Tian, Yue Su, Yanan Zhang, Jiancheng Qi, Zhicai Zuo","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1943095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1943095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diarrhea is common in yak calves and causes substantial economic losses to the yak industry on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine rotavirus (BRV) are important enteric pathogens in cattle, but their epidemiology and potential association in yaks remain unclear. In this study, 1,623 fecal samples were collected from yaks across different locations, age groups, seasons, and breeds to investigate BVDV, BRV, and BVDV/BRV dual positivity. Viral positivity was detected using PCR amplification, and associated factors were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariable binary logistic regression. Overall, 277 samples were positive for BVDV, 224 for BRV, and 92 for both viruses, corresponding to positivity rates of 17.07%, 13.80%, and 5.67%, respectively. BVDV positivity differed significantly among seasons (<i>P</i> = 0.0008), with a lower rate in summer than in spring and winter, and was strongly associated with BRV positivity (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). BRV positivity differed significantly by location, age, season, and breed in univariable analyses, and was higher in adult yaks than in calves (16.54% vs. 11.35%, <i>P</i> = 0.0025) but lower in summer than in spring and winter. Multivariable analysis showed that BRV status was the only factor associated with BVDV positivity (OR = 4.277, 95% CI: 3.121-5.861, <i>P</i> < 0.001), whereas age, sampling location, and BVDV status were associated with BRV positivity, with BVDV-positive yaks showing a markedly higher risk of BRV positivity (OR = 4.299, 95% CI: 3.138-5.889, <i>P</i> < 0.001). No factor was significantly associated with BVDV/BRV dual positivity. These findings indicate that BVDV and BRV circulate among yaks and are strongly associated, suggesting possible viral interaction or shared exposure conditions and highlighting the need for integrated surveillance and control strategies targeting multiple viral pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1943095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application and prospects of veterinary diagnostic techniques in laboratory monkeys.","authors":"Zhengjia Zhang, Diangang Han, Qiujiang Wei, Xuewei Fu, Yongqing Yan, Dandan Li, Jige Xin","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1911594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1911594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the non-human primate models with the closest genetic relationship to humans, laboratory monkeys are indispensable in life sciences research, drug development, and biological product evaluation. However, infectious diseases either endemic in laboratory monkey colonies or acquired during breeding and husbandry-for example, B virus and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>-threaten animal welfare and colony security, while also elevating zoonotic transmission risks and compromising the reliability of research data. The diversity, complexity, and clinically insidious nature of diseases in laboratory monkeys impose stringent demands on veterinary diagnostic capabilities. This review summarizes the current status and recent advances in mainstream veterinary diagnostic techniques applied to laboratory monkey disease surveillance. We analyze the specific applications, strengths, and limitations of molecular, immunological, imaging, and conventional microbiological methods for detecting major viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens of laboratory monkeys, covering quantitative PCR (qPCR), CRISPR-based assays, ELISA, IFA/IHC, and other established platforms. By comparing these techniques across sensitivity, specificity, cost-effectiveness, and operational feasibility, we delineate their suitability for distinct use cases: high-precision laboratory testing, large-scale colony screening, and point-of-care clinical diagnosis. Current veterinary diagnostic assays for laboratory monkeys achieve robust analytical performance. In several studies, qPCR delivers 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for B virus detection, digital PCR (dPCR) attains a limit of detection as low as 45 copies/ml for monkeypox virus; and CRISPR/Cas-based assays have demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in clinical validation cohorts. Building on these advances, we further identify practical bottlenecks in diagnostic deployment and propose targeted countermeasures. Finally, we explore emerging trends and application prospects for point-of-care testing, multiplex pathogen detection, and artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis, which collectively support the development of accurate, efficient, and intelligent disease diagnostics for laboratory monkeys. This work aims to provide a theoretical and practical reference for clinical practice and scientific research focused on laboratory monkey disease prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1911594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryonic yield-related serum proteomic analysis at bovine superovulation.","authors":"Yongli Yue, Anping Xie, Ruilin Fang, Xvhui Hu, Yijing Zhu, Ruifang Li, Liguo Zhang, Xiaohu Su","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1923597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1923597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Superovulation is a key technology for accelerating genetic improvement in cattle, but its efficiency is limited by the unpredictable ovarian response among donors. A non-invasive method to predict this response could enhance superovulation outcomes. As serum proteome may mirror ovarian function, this study aimed to identify potential serum protein biomarkers at critical time points to predict embryo yield in donor cows. In this study, blood samples were collected from 33 donor cows undergoing superovulation at two time points: before FSH administration (designated BS) and at estrus detection (designated E). Based on the total number of embryos recovered, the cows were subsequently assigned to high embryonic yield (HEY) and low embryonic yield (LEY) groups. Proteomic sequencing was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 352 embryos were collected. Proteomic analysis identified 1,620 proteins, corresponding to 11,726 annotated entries. A total of 154 and 102 differentially expressed proteins were identified between HEY and LEY at BS and E, respectively (|log₂FC| ≥0.263, P < 0.05, FDR<0.01). Thirteen proteins were shared between the two time points, including consistently upregulated vitamin D-binding protein (GC). The enriched pathways were mainly metabolism-related. Notably, elevated TCN2 and DNMT1 at BS (AUC = 0.96 and 1.00, respectively), and AGRN, RCN3, and WNT7B at E (AUC = 1.00, 0.80, and 0.84, respectively), were associated with the HEY group, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for predicting embryo yield in bovine superovulation. Collectively, this study identified multiple serum protein biomarkers, providing novel molecular insights into the serum protein response to superovulation and laying a foundation for the development of non-invasive prediction strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1923597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological update on spatial and space-time clusters of African swine fever in the Philippines.","authors":"Jesper Chia-Hui Hsu, Rachel A Schambow, John M Humphreys, Maximino Montenegro, Ruth Miclat-Sonaco, Andres M Perez","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1888714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1888714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African swine fever (ASF), particularly the highly contagious Genotype II strain, is a transboundary viral disease causing up to 100% mortality in swine and threatening food security across the Asia-Pacific region. Since 2019, control strategies in the Philippines have relied on depopulation and strict administrative zoning to limit contiguous, land-based spread. However, the long-term effectiveness of these approaches within the country's fragmented archipelagic landscape remains poorly understood, complicating evidence-based resource allocation and preparedness for regional vaccination campaigns. Here we show that the endemic trajectory of ASF was highly non-uniform across the three main island groups of the Philippines from October 2022 to October 2024. Spatiotemporal analysis of a national surveillance dataset comprising 8,213 barangay-level events revealed twelve statistically significant retrospective space-time clusters-with radii up to 183.2 kilometers-and highly asynchronous regional epidemic waves across Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao. Although crude case volumes were highest in Luzon (52.10%), followed by the Visayas (31.69%) and Mindanao (16.21%), accounting for swine population density reshaped the spatial distribution. Spatial mapping and a <i>Getis-Ord Gi</i>* hotspot analysis consistently identified the highest burden of reported ASF events within Regions IV-A, IV-B, and VI, specifically peaking on Mindoro Island and in the Western Visayas. Together, these findings demonstrate that maritime borders fail to provide natural biosecurity isolation against transboundary viral transmission. Consequently, region-specific interventions and resources must be dynamically allocated to address this heterogeneous spatial burden. These spatiotemporal results provide the evidence-based framework necessary to transition toward targeted sub-national surveillance and to systematically evaluate the epidemiological impact and guide live-attenuated vaccine implementation in the Philippines and analogous archipelagic settings throughout the Asia-Pacific.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1888714"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Therapeutic plasma exchange for systemic centipede envenomation in a 2-kg Chihuahua dog.","authors":"Wei Tang, Ye Li, Guoyang Sun, Chenyiyu Zheng, Zhaoxi Gao, Shuai Li","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1900868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1900868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 2-kg, 8-year-old neutered male Chihuahua was presented after a centipede sting to the interdigital region of the right forepaw, followed by lameness and red urine. Wound care and intravenous fluid therapy were provided at the referring clinic; however, pigmenturia persisted and systemic manifestations developed, prompting referral. On admission, the dog had icteric mucous membranes, mild dehydration, and clinicopathologic evidence of systemic inflammation, tissue injury, hepatocellular damage, and suspected hemolysis. Because of the acute systemic manifestations following envenomation and persistence of clinical abnormalities despite initial medical management, membrane-based therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was performed. Estimated plasma volume was 96 mL, and the prescribed exchange volume was 134 mL (1.4 plasma volumes). Approximately 1,080 mL of whole blood was processed over 3 h. The 68-mL extracorporeal circuit was primed with whole blood, anticoagulation was achieved with heparin, and fresh frozen canine plasma was used as the replacement fluid. TPE was completed over 3 h at a whole blood flow rate of 6 mL/min; transient asymptomatic ionized hypocalcemia was detected and treated with calcium gluconate. After treatment, C-reactive protein decreased from 8.9 to 1.5 mg/dL and appetite returned, although depression initially persisted. The dog subsequently improved during hospitalization and was discharged after 7 days. In this dog, membrane-based TPE was well tolerated despite the small body size and was temporally associated with improvement in clinical signs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1900868"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental surveillance: harnessing environmental sample data to protect animal health.","authors":"Bayyppa Gundallahalli Manjunatha Reddy, Uzma Jabeen, Hinal Kharva, Muthannan Andavar Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1965480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1965480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious diseases in domestic animals-including those with zoonotic potential-impose a substantial global burden on food security, livelihoods, and public health. Environmental surveillance (ES) offers a critical complement to conventional animal-level diagnostics by detecting pathogens or their genetic signatures directly in the matrices through which they persist and spread: water, soil, air, manure, fomites, and arthropod vectors. This review synthesizes evidence across three analytical dimensions-matrix suitability, detection method performance, and wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE)-for 15 viral, bacterial, and parasitological diseases of domestic animals. Key findings reveal that matrix choice profoundly governs detection sensitivity: surface water and wetland sediments support infectious avian influenza virus isolation; pooled environmental feces and slurry outperform individual animal sampling for <i>Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis</i> (MAP); and electrostatic dust cloths enable simultaneous detection of peste-des-petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and capripoxviruses at livestock markets. Molecular methods, principally quantitative RT-PCR and droplet digital PCR, consistently outperform conventional culture in sensitivity and turnaround time, though viability-linked assays remain an important unresolved need. WBE is increasingly applied beyond human pathogens: piggery effluent surveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus and wastewater metagenomics for antimicrobial resistance exemplify its veterinary potential. Interpretive limitations persist, including matrix-driven inhibition, absence of harmonized protocols, and the challenge of equating nucleic-acid signals with infectious risk. Realizing the full promise of ES within a One Health framework requires standardized, field-validated sampling workflows, viability-linked molecular assays, and formal integration of environmental signals into routine veterinary surveillance and outbreak-response systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1965480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of full-thickness abdominal wall injuries complicated by evisceration and fistulation in dromedary camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius)</i>.","authors":"El-Sayed El-Shafaey, Mahmoud Najeb, Mohamed Abdo Rizk, Mahmoud G El Sebaei","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1926549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1926549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abdominal wall injuries in dromedary camels often result in life-threatening evisceration or persistent fistulation. While well documented in equines and bovines, standardized surgical management protocols and survival outcomes for camelids remain scarce in veterinary literature. This retrospective study evaluated the clinical patterns, visceral involvement, surgical treatments, and survival outcomes of full-thickness abdominal wall injuries complicated by evisceration or fistulation in dromedary camels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on 14 dromedary camels presenting with full-thickness abdominal wall trauma complicated by acute evisceration (<i>n</i> = 11) or chronic fistulation (<i>n</i> = 3) at a specialized camel hospital between September 2023 and December 2025. All animals underwent detailed clinical and ultrasonographic examinations. Surgical management was tailored according to lesion type, tissue viability, and the degree of contamination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Females (85.7%) and the Wadeh breed (78.6%) were predominantly affected. Injury distribution was equally split between ventral/umbilical (50.0%) and ventrolateral (50.0%) zones, driven by external trauma (57.1%), hernia rupture (28.6%), or gastroschisis (14.3%). The intestines were the most frequently involved viscera (50.0%), and gross environmental contamination was present in 78.6% of cases. One camel (7.1%) died during initial stabilization. Following surgery of acute evisceration cohort, (63.6%) (7/11) survived and were successfully discharged from the hospital. Conversely, 27.3% (3/11) of the camels developed rapid hemodynamic collapse and hyperacute systemic sepsis within 24-48 h post-injury, which resulted in death. Postoperative recovery and successful hospital discharge of chronic fistulation were achieved in 66.7% (2/3) of the cases. One camel (33.3%, 1/3) developed uncontrollable severe sepsis secondary to chronic focal necrosis on postoperative day 4 and died.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Accurate rapid diagnosis and prompt surgical interventions of full-thickness abdominal wall injuries complicated by evisceration and fistulation can yield a favorable prognosis in dromedary camels. Lesion type, tissue viability, and injury duration are the key factors influencing management choices and overall prognosis for camelid full-thickness abdominal wall injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1926549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i>: an emerging marine pathogen at the intersection of aquaculture, public health, and antimicrobial resistance.","authors":"Songlin Wei, Jingmin Lin, Ruichao Xue, Wei Xu","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1965608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1965608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i> is a halophilic, Gram-negative marine bacterium that has emerged as a significant opportunistic pathogen affecting both marine animals and humans. As one of the most abundant vibrios in coastal and estuarine environments worldwide, <i>V. alginolyticus</i> causes substantial economic losses in aquaculture through vibriosis in fish, shrimp, and shellfish, while also being responsible for wound infections, otitis externa, and occasionally gastroenteritis in humans following seawater exposure or seafood consumption. The pathogenesis of <i>V. alginolyticus</i> is multifactorial, involving an arsenal of virulence determinants including secretion systems (type III, type VI, and type II), haemolysins, adhesins, biofilm formation, quorum sensing-regulated factors, and the recently recognized contributions of non-coding RNAs and outer membrane vesicles. Recent genomic analyses have revealed considerable genetic diversity among isolates and identified a ubiquitous presence of β-lactam resistance genes, raising concerns about natural resistance and the potential for horizontal gene transfer. The interplay between rising seawater temperatures, intensive aquaculture practices, and increasing antimicrobial resistance has positioned <i>V. alginolyticus</i> as an emerging pathogen of growing concern. This Review synthesizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, genomics, virulence mechanisms, host interactions, and control strategies of <i>V. alginolyticus</i>, with an emphasis on the molecular determinants of pathogenesis, including the regulatory networks governing adhesion, biofilm formation, and metabolic adaptation, and the challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance. We also discuss promising alternative control approaches, including phage therapy, vaccination, and probiotic strategies, and identify key knowledge gaps that warrant future investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1965608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing gastroenteritis in puppies: veterinary practices in Trinidad and Tobago and Barbados.","authors":"Natasha Mootoo, Anya Doorpat, Fariah Karim, Karishma Maharajh, Oluwatomi Oredein, Kegan Romelle Jones","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1813429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1813429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research explored the approaches of veterinarians to diagnosis and treatment of gastroenteritis in puppies up to 1 year of age in Trinidad and Tobago and Barbados. The study assessed clinical decision-making, therapeutic interventions, and utilisation of evidence-based practices. Data were gathered from veterinarians through online surveys and semi-structured interviews. The study revealed a significant association between the diagnosis of parvovirus and hospitalisation (<i>p</i> < 0.001), as well as between the diagnosis of parvovirus and intravenous (IV) fluid administration (<i>p</i> = 0.002). All veterinarians used a multi-drug regimen in treatment. Similarities in treatment protocols among veterinarians with different years of activity were observed, with the most used therapeutic agents being lactated ringer's solution (fluid therapy), metronidazole (antibiotic), vitamins (nutraceutical), metoclopramide (antiemetic), and Fortiflora® (probiotic). Based on the data collected, symptomatic treatment modalities consistent with current international literature are widely utilized by the veterinarians in Barbados. However, due to a low response rate, the same cannot be concluded for Trinidad and Tobago.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1813429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine blood products modulate the effect of ophthalmic antibiotics against common bacterial pathogens in dogs with infectious keratitis.","authors":"Helen O Kim, Melissa A Kubai, Levi Brock, Chloe C Stinman, Janelle Gapp, Danyang Zhang, Rachel A Allbaugh","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1880844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1880844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial keratitis is a common condition that can result in serious complications including vision impairment and loss of the eye if not treated aggressively. Topical blood products are often utilized concurrently with topical antibiotics for their known anti-collagenolytic properties. These blood products contain albumin that could affect the antibiotic efficacy due to drug-protein binding. In this study, serum and plasma were harvested from 10 healthy bovines, utilizing fresh and frozen (1 month at -20 °C) aliquots for the experiment. Albumin and alpha-2 macroglobulin levels were quantified using species-specific ELISA kits. 30 bacterial isolates (10 <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i>, 10 <i>Streptococcus canis</i>, 10 <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>), isolated from canine patients with infectious keratitis were tested with blank plates as well as commercial susceptibility plates (Sensititre™ JOEYE2) to assess the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 17 different antibiotics in the absence (control) or presence of serum or plasma (fresh or frozen) from bovines (4 test groups). Mean bovine albumin levels ranged from 1.98 to 2.00 mg/ml. The median bovine alpha-2 macroglobulin levels were similar between frozen serum (4,403 ng/ml [range 3,542-5,499 ng/ml]) and frozen plasma (4,959 ng/ml [range 3,305-5,447 ng/ml]). No bacteriological susceptibility differences were noted between fresh and frozen samples for either serum or plasma. Bovine serum/plasma had direct antimicrobial effects in selected bacterial isolates (up to 49% with frozen plasma for <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i>). When compared with control, bovine serum/plasma increased MICs (1.33-4-fold) or decreased MICs (0.5-0.75 fold) depending on the specific antibiotic and bacterial isolate. In practice, clinicians should consider using bovine serum/plasma over other species' blood products (equine or canine) given direct antimicrobial effects, good anti-collagenolytic potential, and lesser impact on antimicrobial susceptibility to topical antibiotics. Serum and plasma can alter antibiotic efficacy (antibiotic-protein binding from high levels of albumin); therefore, serum/plasma should be applied last and spaced ≥15 min after topical antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1880844"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}