Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"AMPK and CAMKK activation participate in early events of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>-triggered NET formation in bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils.","authors":"Iván Conejeros, Zahady D Velásquez, Gabriel Espinosa, Lisbeth Rojas-Baron, Magdalena Grabbe, Carlos Hermosilla, Anja Taubert","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1557509","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1557509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that infects humans, eventually causing severe diseases like prenatal or ocular toxoplasmosis. <i>T. gondii</i> also infects cattle but rarely induces clinical signs in this intermediate host type. So far, the innate immune mechanisms behind the potential resistance of bovines to clinical <i>T. gondii</i> infections remain unclear. Here, we present evidence on sustained activation of bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils PMN by <i>T. gondii</i> tachyzoites, which is linked to a rise in cytoplasmic calcium concentrations, an enhancement of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). NETosis is a specific form of programmed cell death, characterized by the release chromatin from the nucleus to the extracellular space resulting in formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs can kill and entrap pathogens. In our experiments, NETosis was triggered by <i>T. gondii</i>, and this effector mechanism was enhanced by pre-treatments with the AMPK activator AICAR. Moreover, tachyzoite-mediated bovine neutrophil DNA release depended on MAPK- and store operated calcium entry- (SOCE) pathways since it was diminished by the inhibitors UO126 and 2-APB, respectively. Overall, we here provide new insights into early polymorphonuclear neutrophils responses against <i>T. gondii</i> for the bovine system.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1557509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic effects of intrauterine meloxicam perfusion on histotroph in dairy heifers during diestrus.","authors":"Beibei Zhang, Yuan Han, Ming Cheng, Longgang Yan, Kangkang Gao, Dong Zhou, Aihua Wang, Pengfei Lin, Yaping Jin","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1528530","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1528530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In ruminants, conceptus elongation is a crucial developmental process that depends on uterine lumen fluid (ULF) and coincides with a period of high pregnancy loss. Prostaglandins (PGs) play indispensable roles in conceptus elongation and implantation. However, the effects of uterus-derived PGs on the uterine environment remain unclear. To explore the metabolic pathways and metabolites induced by endometrium-derived PGs that may affect conceptus elongation and implantation in dairy cows, we investigated the biochemical composition of ULF following intrauterine perfusion of meloxicam from days 12 to 14 of the estrous cycle. Intrauterine administration of meloxicam significantly downregulated the prostaglandin-related metabolites in the ULF. A total of 385 distinct metabolites, primarily clustered within lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, organoheterocyclic compounds, and benzenoids, were identified. The metabolite network analysis identified 10 core metabolites as follows: S-adenosylhomocysteine, guanosine, inosine, thymidine, cholic acid, xanthine, niacinamide, prostaglandin I2, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and indoleacetaldehyde. The pathway enrichment analysis revealed three significantly altered metabolic pathways: arachidonic acid metabolism, tryptophan (Trp) metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism. A total of five metabolites-guanosine, inosine, thymidine, butyryl-l-carnitine, and l-carnitine-were associated with attachment and pregnancy loss and could serve as predictors of fertility. This global metabolic study of ULF enhances our understanding of histotroph alternations induced by uterus-derived PGs during diestrus in dairy cows, with implications for improving dairy cow fertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1528530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> on production performance and immunity of broiler chickens and their mechanism.","authors":"Jinmei Liu, Hongxia Gu, Rui Jia, Shuzhen Li, Zhimin Chen, Aijuan Zheng, Wenhuan Chang, Guohua Liu","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1554502","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1554502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Lactobacillus</i> species have attracted more and more attention as a potential antibiotic substitute for human health and animal production due to their remarkable antibacterial effects. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. This experiment's goal was to investigate the impacts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, immune function of broiler chickens and their mechanism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and eighty 1-day-old AA broilers were used and randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups with 6 replicates of 10 chickens per replicate. The 3 treatment groups were control group (CK), <i>L. acidophilus</i> added group (LAB-E, 1.0 × 108 CFU/kg) for the first 7 days; <i>L. acidophilus</i> added group (LAB-A, 1.0 × 108 CFU/kg) for the whole experimental period. Broilers had free access to water and feed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that addition of L. acidophilus for the whole experimental period significantly decreased ADFI, FCR and the abdominal fat percentage of broilers (<i>p</i> < 0.05), tended to increase the levels of IgG in broiler serum (<i>p</i> = 0.093). The LAB-A group had higher HDL-C content and IL-2, IL-4 content, and lower level of LPS in broiler serum compared to the controls (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In conclusion, <i>L. acidophilus</i> improved feed efficiency and immune function of broilers by controlling nutrient metabolism and inflammation responses of broilers. <i>L. acidophilus</i> can be used as a potential substitute for antibiotics in broiler production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1554502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Miniature chicken ileal explant culture to investigate the inflammatory response induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns.","authors":"Gábor Mátis, Csilla Sebők, Dávid G Horváth, Rege Anna Márton, Máté Mackei, Júlia Vörösházi, Ágnes Kemény, Zsuzsanna Neogrády, Ilona Varga, Patrik Tráj","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1484333","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1484333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrointestinal inflammation leads to maldigestion and systemic diseases in poultry. To tackle the problem of the industry and to search for therapeutic candidates <i>in vitro</i> models are inevitable. Both immersion and air-liquid interface explant models are available, although there is limited information on the size-dependent applicability and response to different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in the case of these model systems. The study aimed to compare the morphology and viability of miniature chicken gut explant cultures obtained with a biopsy punch to examine the size-dependent change over time. To verify the applicability of the model, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs): flagellin, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) were applied to induce inflammation. The 2 mm diameter explants showed a decrease in metabolic activity measured by CCK-8 assay after 12 h and a significantly higher extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity indicating cellular damage compared to the 1 mm explants, supported by histological differences after 24 h of culturing. After 12 h of incubation, the 1.5 mm explants retained columnar epithelial lining with moderate damage of the lamina propria (H&E and pan-cytokeratin staining). Exposure to 100 μg/mL poly I:C reduced the metabolic activity of the 1.5 mm explants. LTA and poly I:C increased IFN-<i>γ</i> concentration at both applied doses and IFN-<i>α</i> concentration was elevated by 50 μg/mL poly I:C treatment. Flagellin administration raised IL-2, IL-6, and RANTES levels, while higher LTA and poly I:C concentrations increased the IFN-<i>γ</i>/IL-10 ratio. According to the observations, the viability and integrity of the explants decreases with their size. After 12 h, the 1.5 mm diameter miniature chicken ileal explant stimulated with PAMPs can be an appropriate model to mimic diseases involving tissue damage and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1484333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Reviews in veterinary neurology and neurosurgery.","authors":"John H Rossmeisl, Andrea Tipold","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1583995","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1583995","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1583995"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Exploring anesthetic risk: challenges and solutions in veterinary medicine.","authors":"Karine Portier, Mark Senior","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1587332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1587332","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1587332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two opposite abilities of the infectious bronchitis virus helicase Nsp13: separating the duplex and promoting the annealing of single-stranded nucleic acid.","authors":"Chengcheng Wu, Lihan Tao, Haiqin Li, Cong Huang, Yanbing Zeng","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1560586","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1560586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genome replication is a key step in the coronavirus life cycle and requires the involvement of a range of virally encoded non-structural proteins. The non-structural protein 13 (Nsp13) of coronaviruses is a highly conserved helicase and is considered an ideal drug target. However, the activity characteristics of the helicase Nsp13 of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) remain unclear. In this study, we expressed and biochemically characterized the purified recombinant IBV Nsp13 and found that IBV Nsp13 was able to unwind duplex substrates in a 5'-to-3' direction by using the energy from the hydrolysis of all nucleotide triphosphate (NTP) and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP). We also explored the substrate selectivity and influencing factors of the unwinding activity of IBV Nsp13. The nucleic acid continuity of the loading strand was essential for Nsp13 to unwind duplex substrates. In addition, we first demonstrated that IBV helicase Nsp13 also had an annealing activity to promote two single-stranded nucleic acids to form a double-stranded nucleic acid. Biochemical analysis of the unwinding and annealing activities of IBV Nsp13 was helpful for deeply revealing the replication mechanism of coronavirus and the development of antiviral drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1560586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamentals of diagnostic ultrasonography in sheep and goat medicine: a comprehensive illustrated overview.","authors":"Mohamed Marzok, Mohamed Tharwat","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1562097","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1562097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This illustrated review emphasizes the fundamentals of diagnostic ultrasonography in sheep and goat medicine. The procedure can effectively assess the thoracic and abdominal organs in both healthy and diseased states. The review discusses five main sections. The first one clarifies the principles of pulmonary sonography in sheep and goats followed by image finding in animals with respiratory disorders including pneumonia, pleuropneumonia, lung abscessation and pleuritis. Second section shows the fundamentals of echography in sheep and goats followed by scanning of animals with cardiovascular disorders including heart failure, fibrinous pericarditis, endocarditis and nutritional muscular dystrophy. Third section of this review discusses the principles of gastrointestinal sonography in sheep and goats followed by picture in some digestive disorders including peritonitis, enteritis and retroperitoneal abscessation. Fourth part shows the basics in hepatic and biliary tissue followed by sonography of sheep and goats with hepatic and biliary disorders including fatty liver, hepatitis cysticercosis, cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholestasis and choledocholithiasis. Last section of this review discusses the fundamentals of urinary system ultrasonography followed by imaging of the urinary disorders including renal failure, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, obstructive urolithiasis, cystitis and paralysis of the urinary bladder. In conclusion, ultrasonography of either healthy or diseased sheep or goats is very useful for assessing the normal structure and function of both healthy and dysfunctional organs. It is highly recommended to adopt this procedure as a standard preliminary method for examining sheep and goats with any medical condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1562097"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ophthalmic ropinirole is an equally effective emetic agent in healthy dogs compared to intravenous apomorphine.","authors":"Jack A Lee, Katie Como, Xiaojuan Zhu, Julie Schildt","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1554107","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1554107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Emesis is commonly induced in the veterinary setting due to toxin or foreign material ingestion. The dopamine agonist apomorphine is commonly used for this indication. The novel dopamine-2 specific agonist ropinirole was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for this indication in 2020. Data to compare the efficacy and adverse effects profile of these medications is important for clinical decision making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This blinded randomized crossover trial compared the efficacy of intravenous apomorphine to ophthalmic ropinirole in 24 healthy dogs. Factors assessed include efficacy at inducing vomiting within 20 min, need for redosing of the emetic agent, time to start of emesis, and incidence of adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both apomorphine and ropinirole were highly effective at emesis induction, with 95.8 and 100% success rates, respectively, and no difference between groups. Repeated dosing was needed after 20 min in 25% of the apomorphine group and 8.3% of the ropinirole group for successful emesis induction. Median time to onset was significantly shorter with apomorphine (1.18 min) than ropinirole (8.85 min). Incidence of adverse effects was similar, with a higher incidence of ocular redness and protracted vomiting in the ropinirole group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest similar efficacy of ropinirole compared to apomorphine, with similar adverse effect rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1554107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and pathogenicity of a novel recombinant pseudorabies virus from the attenuated vaccine and classical strains.","authors":"Zhendong Zhang, Qingteng Wei, Chengyue Wu, Zhengqin Ye, Liting Qin, Ting Chen, Zhe Sun, Kegong Tian, Xiangdong Li","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1579148","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1579148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pseudorabies (PR) remains one of the most important swine diseases in China. Live attenuated vaccines have been widely deployed and have proven highly effective in controlling PR in the field. However, recent concerns regarding the evolution and recombination events involving pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccine strains have raised substantial attention. In the present study, a novel recombinant PRV strain named HN2201 was isolated from one stillbirth case in Henan province in 2022. To assess the genetic and evolutionary features, the major immunogenic and virulence-associated genes, including gB, gC, gD, gG, gE and TK, were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic and nucleotide homology analysis revealed that gB, gC, gD and gG genes of HN2201 displayed close relationship with Chinese classical strains. However, the TK gene of HN2201 contained a continuous deletion of 205 nucleotides, sharing the highest nucleotide homology (99.9%) with HB-98 vaccine strain. Additionally, a similar deletion was observed in the promoter region of the gE gene in both HN2201 and HB-98. Pathogenicity studies on 9-week-old piglets demonstrated that HN2201 exhibited attenuated virulence, characterized by transient clinical signs. The above results suggest that the naturally isolated HN2201 likely resulted from recombination events between the PRV classical strain and the HB-98 vaccine strain. Our findings provide valuable insights into the evolution of PRV in China and underscore the necessity of scientific and cautious use of PRV vaccines in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1579148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}