Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification detection assay for <i>Dictyocaulus viviparus</i> (Bloch, 1782) lungworm: DviLAMP.","authors":"Sirapat Nak-On, Paul Campbell, Maha Mansour Shalaby, Jennifer McIntyre, Alistair Antonopoulos, Thapana Chontananarth, Roz Laing","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1454065","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1454065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bovine lungworm, <i>Dictyocaulus viviparus</i> (Bloch, 1782), is highly pathogenic and disease outbreaks can be difficult to predict and manage. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is vital, but without a sensitive diagnostic test this remains challenging in clinical practice. High performance molecular detection tools are therefore required to improve the diagnosis of this parasite and promote the implementation of strategic control measures. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a rapid DNA assay, offers potential for field-based detection. Here we report a novel LAMP assay (DviLAMP), that was designed to target the <i>D. viviparus</i> internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) ribosomal DNA region. Firstly, genomic DNA was extracted from a single <i>D. viviparus</i> L₁ larva to amplify and clone the ITS2 into the recombinant plasmid (DviITS2). The DviLAMP successfully detected the target, with results shown by gel electrophoresis and real-time analysis, in addition to point-of-care amenable end-point detection: colorimetry and lateral flow dipstick (LFD). Analytical sensitivity can detect 0.5 ng DviITS2 following 45 min of incubation at 64°C, increasing to just 1 pg following 90 min of incubation. Using the same primers, other nematodes of cattle, <i>Ostertagia ostertagi</i> and <i>Cooperia oncophora</i>, were also detectable both by gel electrophoresis and real-time. However, when FITC and biotin tagged primers were incorporated to adapt the DviLAMP to LFD end-point detection, the LFD showed specific detection of <i>D. viviparus</i>. Further development of DviLAMP as a point-of-care test could significantly improve the sensitivity of lungworm diagnosis in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deer antler stem cells immortalization by modulation of hTERT and the small extracellular vesicles characters.","authors":"Ze Chen, Deshuang Meng, Xin Pang, Jia Guo, Tiejun Li, Jun Song, Yinghua Peng","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1440855","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1440855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Deer antler stem cells (AnSCs) exhibit properties of both embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells, with superior self-renewal and proliferation, which drive rapid antler growth and regeneration. AnSCs and their derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) hold promising potential for applications in regeneration medicine. Due to the restricted proliferative capacity inherent in primary cells, the production capacity of AnSCs and their sEVs are limited. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is the most important telomerase subunit, hTERT gene insertion has been successfully employed in generating immortalized cell lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we successfully established immortalized AnSCs by transducing the hTERT gene using lentivirus. Compared to primary AnSCs, hTERT-AnSCs demonstrated extended passage potential and accelerated proliferation rates while maintaining the mesenchymal stem cell surface markers CD44 and CD90. Additionally, hTERT-AnSCs retained the capacity for osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. sEVs derived from hTERT-AnSCs exhibited a particle size distribution similar to that of AnSCs, both displaying a cup-shaped morphology and expressing CD81, ALIX, and TSG101, while notably lacking GM130 expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We successfully isolated primary stem cells from deer antler and established the immortalized hTERT-AnSCs. Remarkably, this cell line maintains its stem cell characteristics even after 40 passages. The sEVs derived from these cells exhibit identical morphological and structural features to those of primary AnSCs. This research provides essential technical support for the application of AnSCs and their sEVs in regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased freedom of head movement mitigates stress and bacterial load in the airways of horses during transport.","authors":"Yuji Takahashi, Hidekazu Niwa, Yusaku Ebisuda, Kazutaka Mukai, Toshinobu Yoshida, Sharanne Raidal, Barbara Padalino, Hajime Ohmura","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1477653","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1477653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Protection of horse welfare during transport is crucial. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of head and neck restraint on behavior and airway bacteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized crossover study, six healthy Thoroughbreds were transported by road for 22 h in an individual bay with tight head restraint (50 cm short-rope) or loose head restraint (95 cm long-rope). Behavioral parameters relating to head position, eating, and stress were monitored during transportation. Tracheal wash samples were obtained 6 days before and immediately after transport for bacterial culture and metagenomic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Compared to before transport, bacterial load (CFU/mL) after transport was significantly increased in the short-rope group (<i>p</i> = 0.04), whereas no changes were observed in the long-rope group. Transport significantly reduced Simpson index at phylum, class, order, and family levels in both groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001) of tracheal microbiota. In both groups, this reduction was associated with increases in the dominant members of relative abundance at phylum (Firmicutes: +24% in long-rope and +14% in short-rope), class (<i>Bacilli</i>: +20% in long-rope and +22% in short-rope) and family (<i>Streptococcaceae</i>: +22% in long-rope and +23% in short-rope) levels. Licking behavior during transportation with short-rope restraint was more frequent than in horses with long-rope restraint. These results suggest loose head restraint during transportation is likely to ameliorate stress and mitigate the associated increased bacterial load in the lower airways associated with transport. Further, head position during transportation is likely a more important determinant of airway hygiene and distress than duration of travel.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic contrast enhanced high field magnetic resonance imaging for canine primary intracranial neoplasia.","authors":"Simon Choi, Caterina Brighi, Sam Long","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1468831","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1468831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Distinguishing meningiomas from other intracranial neoplasms is clinically relevant as the prognostic and therapeutic implications differ greatly and influence clinical decision making. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is an imaging technique that assists with characterisation of physiologic alterations such as blood flow and tissue vascular permeability. Quantitative pharmacokinetic analysis utilising DCE-MRI has not been studied in canine neuro-oncology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was performed in canine patients that underwent DCE-MRI with an imaging diagnosis of an intracranial meningioma and surgery for histopathological diagnosis. Kinetic parameters Ktrans and cerebral blood flow were measured and compared to assess whether differences could be identified between meningiomas and other intracranial neoplasms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six dogs with meningiomas and 3 dogs with other intracranial neoplasms were included for statistical analysis. Cerebral blood flow values were found to be statistically higher within meningiomas compared to other intracranial neoplasms. Ktrans values were higher within meningiomas than in other types of intracranial tumours, however this difference did not reach statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Based on the results of this study cerebral blood flow measurement can be utilised to differentiate canine intracranial meningiomas from other similar appearing intracranial tumours.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the lipidomic secretome of the early equine embryo.","authors":"Edwina F Lawson, Russell Pickford, Robert John Aitken, Zamira Gibb, Christopher G Grupen, Aleona Swegen","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1439550","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1439550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lipidomic secretions of embryos provide a unique opportunity to examine the cellular processes of the early conceptus. In this study we profiled lipids released by the early equine conceptus, using high-resolution mass spectrometry to detect individual lipid species. This study examined the lipidomic profile in embryo-conditioned media from <i>in vivo</i>-produced, 8-9 day-old equine embryos (<i>n</i> = 3) cultured <i>in vitro</i> for 36 h, analyzed over 3 timepoints. A total of 1,077 lipid IDs were recorded across all samples, containing predominantly glycerolipids. Seventy-nine of these were significantly altered in embryo conditioned-media versus media only control (<i>p</i> < 0.05, fold-change >2 or < 0.5). Fifty-five lipids were found to be released into the embryo-conditioned media, of which 54.5% were triacylglycerols and 23.6% were ceramides. The sterol lipid, cholesterol, was also identified and secreted in significant amounts as embryos developed. Further, 24 lipids were found to be depleted from the media during culture, of which 70.8% were diacylglycerols, 16.7% were triacylglycerols and 12.5% were ceramides. As lipid-free media contained consistently detectable lipid peaks, a further profile analysis of the various components of non-embryo-conditioned media consistently showed the presence of 137 lipids. Lipid peaks in non-embryo-conditioned media increased in response to incubation under mineral oil, and contained ceramides, diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols. These results emphasize the importance of a defined embryo culture medium and a need to identify the lipid requirements of the embryo precisely. This study sheds light on early embryo lipid metabolism and the transfer of lipids during <i>in vitro</i> culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of butorphanol as a local anaesthetic for pain management in calves undergoing umbilical hernia repair.","authors":"Claudia Interlandi, Filippo Spadola, Veronica C Neve, Marco Tabbì, Simona Di Pietro, Elisabetta Giudice, Daniele Macrì, Giovanna L Costa","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1470957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1470957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of butorphanol and lidocaine, alone or in combination, in calves undergoing surgical repair of umbilical hernia. The study was conducted in 60 calves of different breeds. Xylazine 0.3 mg/kg was administered intramuscularly to all animals in the study. The animals were then divided into three groups (<i>n</i> = 20) that received different treatments with lidocaine at 4.5 mg/kg and butorphanol at 0.02 mg/kg. The L group received lidocaine both by infiltration of the surgical planes and intraperitoneally, the B group received butorphanol both by infiltration of the surgical planes and intraperitoneally, and finally the LB group received lidocaine by infiltration of the surgical planes and butorphanol intraperitoneally. Heart and respiratory rates, haemoglobin oxygen saturation, non-invasive blood pressure and temperature were recorded during surgery. Response to the surgical stimulus was scored on a cumulative numerical scale that included percentage changes in HR, RR and SAP. Postoperative pain was assessed by three independent observers, blinded to treatment, using the UNESP-Botucatu Unidimensional Composite Pain Scale (UNESP-Botucatu UCPS-IV) for the assessment of postoperative pain in cattle. The course of physiological variables was appropriate for patients under anaesthesia. No subject required rescue intraoperative analgesia. In group L, 4 subjects at 40 m and 5 subjects at 50 m required postoperative rescue analgesia. Both butorphanol alone and the combination of butorphanol and lidocaine showed excellent intraoperative and postoperative scores. Furthermore, this combination did not cause any cardiopulmonary or other adverse effects. Based on the results of this study, both butorphanol alone and the co-administration of butorphanol and lidocaine administered locally proved to be safe and effective in providing adequate and long-lasting analgesia in calves, helping to reduce postoperative discomfort and maintaining adequate animal welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of agreement for radiographic lesions and risk for racing in thoroughbred yearling sale repository radiographs.","authors":"Brodie J Argue, Benjamin J Ahern","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1430993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1430993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The veterinary yearling pre-sale repository radiographs have the potential to impact both vendor and prospective purchaser. The primary aim of this study was to determine inter-observer agreement for orthopaedic lesions identified in thoroughbred yearling repository radiographs. A secondary goal was to determine agreement when using a pre-defined risk rating classification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three experienced specialist equine surgeons (2 ACVS & 1 FANZCVS) interpreted thirty repository radiographs once each for radiographic abnormalities. Each radiographic abnormality was given an associated risk assessment for future racing performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The use of a pre-defined risk rating grading scale resulted in good to excellent agreement as observers reached a consensus on risk ratings for lesions 97.1% of the time. The highest agreement was for the proximal interphalangeal joint and distal interphalangeal joint, with 99.9 and 98.2% agreement, respectively. The tarsal region was the joint with the highest disagreement with respect to pathology, with observers disagreeing 5.2% of the time.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study found that experienced veterinary surgeons reliably agreed on the absence of lesions but showed disagreement on the specific risk rating of common lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal fermentation of Shuanghuanglian and its effects on production performance of laying hens.","authors":"Yongqing Xu, Siyu Yi, Xiaojie Xu, Minghui Zhang, Yadong Cui, Wei Lan, Fenglan Li, Xiangfeng Kong","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1415232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1415232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Shuanghuanglian is a Chinese medicine composed of <i>Honeysuckle Flower</i>, <i>Baical Skullcap Root</i>, and <i>Fructus Forsythiae</i>. It has various effects, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and immunomodulatory effects. The fermented product of Shuanghuanglian can be used as an antibiotic alternative, as it has similar efficacy, which may improve the immunity, feed intake and utilization efficiency of laying hens, thus improving their production performance. The aim of this study was to optimize the fermentation conditions for Shuanghuanglian using single factor and response surface methodology, evaluate the chemical and microbial composition of the Shuanghuanglian fermentation liquor (SFL), and explore the effects of SFL on the production performance of laying hens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 288 Xinyang black-feather laying hens (50 week-old) were randomly allocated to four treatments with nine replicates, each replicate containing eight hens, for a total of 37 days trial (including a 7-day adaptation period). The treatments included a control group (0% SFL in drinking water) and drinking water supplemented with 0.3, 0.5, or 0.7% SFL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fermentation optimization conditions for Shuanghuanglian were selected as a solid-to-liquid ratio at 1:7, 3% inoculation quantity, fermentation temperature at 28°C for 5 days, initial pH of 7, 60 mesh (sieved), and rotation speed of 150 r/min. Various bioactive compounds, such as myrtenol, 2-hexyn-1-ol, arsenous acid tris(trimethylsilyl) ester, 3(10)-caren-4-ol, and oxime-, methoxy-phenyl, were detected in SFL. The most abundant bacterial phyla in SFL were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, with <i>Acinetobacter</i> being the most abundant genus. The most abundant fungal phyla were Phragmoplastophyta and <i>Magnoliophyta</i>. The 0.5 and 0.7% SFL supplementation in water increased egg weight and laying rate, while decreasing the feed-to-egg ratio of laying hens compared with the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7% SFL supplementation in water increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the Haugh unit, but there were no significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in albumen height, egg shape index, egg thickness, and yolk color of the eggs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supplementation of SFL under optimized conditions had a positive impact on the production performance of laying hens, especially when the supplementation amount reached 0.5%. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of Shuanghuanglian in the commercial egg industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastewater and environmental sampling holds potential for antimicrobial resistance surveillance in food-producing animals - a pilot study in South African abattoirs.","authors":"Viivi Heljanko, Musafiri Karama, Amanda Kymäläinen, Paula Kurittu, Venla Johansson, Ananda Tiwari, Matteo Nyirenda, Mogaugedi Malahlela, Annamari Heikinheimo","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1444957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1444957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global One Health challenge that causes increased mortality and a high financial burden. Animal production contributes to AMR, as more than half of antimicrobials are used in food-producing animals globally. There is a growing body of literature on AMR in food-producing animals in African countries, but the surveillance practices across countries vary considerably. This pilot study aims to explore the potential of wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES) of AMR and its extension to the veterinary field. Floor drainage swab (<i>n</i> = 18, 3/abattoir) and wastewater (<i>n</i> = 16, 2-3/abattoir) samples were collected from six South African abattoirs that handle various animal species, including cattle, sheep, pig, and poultry. The samples were tested for Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), Vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococci</i> (VRE), and <i>Candida auris</i> by using selective culturing and MALDI-TOF MS identification. The phenotype of all presumptive ESBL-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>n</i> = 60) and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>n</i> = 24) isolates was confirmed with a disk diffusion test, and a subset (15 and 6 isolates, respectively), were further characterized by whole-genome sequencing. In total, 314 isolates (0-12 isolates/sample) withstood MALDI-TOF MS, from which 37 species were identified, <i>E. coli</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> among the most abundant. Most <i>E. coli</i> (<i>n</i> = 48/60; 80%) and all <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates were recovered from the floor drainage samples, while 21 presumptive carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. isolates were isolated equally from floor drainage and wastewater samples. MRSA, VRE, or <i>C. auris</i> were not found. All characterized <i>E. coli</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates represented ESBL-phenotype. Genomic analyses revealed multiple sequence types (ST) of <i>E. coli</i> (<i>n</i> = 10) and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (<i>n</i> = 5), including STs associated with food-producing animals globally, such as <i>E. coli</i> ST48 and ST10 and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> ST101. Common beta-lactamases linked to food-producing animals, such as <i>bla</i> _CTX-M-55 and <i>bla</i> _CTX-M-15, were detected. The presence of food-production-animal-associated ESBL-gene-carrying <i>E. coli</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> in an abattoir environment and wastewater indicates the potential of WES in the surveillance of AMR in food-producing animals. Furthermore, the results of this pilot study encourage studying the topic further with refined methodologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effects of myrrh extract and myrrh-based silver nanoparticles on <i>Trichinella spiralis</i>-infected mice: parasitological, histopathological, and immunological (IFN-γ, IL-10, and MMP-9) investigations.","authors":"Salwa Mahmoud Abd-ELrahman, Ahmed Kamal Dyab, Abeer El-Sayed Mahmoud, Shaymaa M Mohamed, Alamira Marzouk Fouad, Ahmed Gareh, Jamal Asseri, Naief Dahran, Hind Alzaylaee, Hayat M Albisihi, Ahmed Mahmoud Abd Elrahman, Fahd M Alsharif, Heba Mostafa, Nashwa Hamad, Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy, Nahed Ahmed Elossily","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1433964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1433964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Trichinellosis, caused by <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> (<i>T. spiralis</i>), remains a prevalent parasitic zoonosis. Developing new drugs targeting and understanding the immune response against the infection is imperative. Previous research has inadequately explored the efficacy of crude myrrh extract and myrrh-based silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against trichinellosis, as well as their impact on histopathological, and immunological factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using myrrh, crude myrrh extracts, and albendazole on the intestinal phase of <i>T. spiralis</i>. It also examined the associated histopathological changes and alterations in key immunological markers, including Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Five groups of 12 mice were allocated as follows: group 1: non-infected, non-treated (negative control), group 2: infected, non-treated (positive control), group 3: infected and treated with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (40 μg/mL), group 4: infected and treated with myrrh crude extract (800 mg/kg), and group 5: infected and treated with albendazole (50 mg/kg). Treatment was orally administered starting on the 2^nd day post-infection and continued for three successive days. Mice of all groups were euthanized on the 6^th day post-infection, and the intestine of each was isolated for parasitological, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry evaluation of MMP-9, as well as assessment of cytokines level (IFN-γ and IL-10 gene expressions) via Real-time PCR technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present study showed a considerable reduction in adult worm count among the treated groups. The mortality rates of adult worms were 88.64% in the silver nanoparticles treated group, 85.17% in the myrrh crude extract group, and 94.07% in the albendazole-treated group. Histopathological examination revealed prominent alterations in the intestine of the infected non-treated mice, which were markedly restored by treatment. Immunohistochemical examination accompanied by significant reduction in MMP-9 expression in the infected mice treated with AgNPs compared to the infected non-treated group, reflecting the role of AgNPs in downgrading the inflammatory reaction in the intestine of infected mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, this study demonstrates the novel antiparasitic potential of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized with myrrh against <i>T. spiralis</i> in infected mice. The treatment was associated with moderate rise in IFN-γ gene expression and IL-10 expression, highlighting its therapeutic efficacy against <i>T. spiralis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}