Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Associated effects of lipopolysaccharide, oleic acid, and lung injury ventilator-induced in developing a model of moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome in New Zealand white rabbits.","authors":"Xingyu Tian, Bin Lu, Yuyan Huang, Wenhao Zhong, Xin Lei, Siyu Liu, Tao Tao, Fengning Yun, Shiyong Huang, Tiqing Tan, Haifeng Liu, Ziyao Zhou, Guangneng Peng, Ya Wang, Kun Zhang, Xiaoli Luo, Zhijun Zhong","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1477554","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1477554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical pulmonary disorder with manifestations of pulmonary edema, inflammation, and impaired oxygenation. Establishing reliable animal ARDS models has been critical for investigating its mechanisms and for testing pharmacological interventions. The present study sought to induce a moderate ARDS model in New Zealand White rabbits with a model involving a mix of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), oleic acid (OA), and ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI). Four experimental groups were established: negative control (NC, <i>n</i> = 4), OA (OM, <i>n</i> = 6), LPS + OA (LOM, <i>n</i> = 6), and LPS + OA + VILI (LOV, <i>n</i> = 6). Throughout the modeling process, vital signs (MAP and HR), respiratory parameters (Cdyn), and hematological indices (WBC and P/F) were continuously monitored, and lung ultrasound was performed. After the experiment, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to measure total protein content, and lung tissue samples were collected to determine the wet-to-dry (W/D) ratio. HE-stained lung tissue sections were prepared and scored according to the ATS guidelines for lung injury scoring. The LOV group showed the most severe lung injury, significantly decreasing MAP and Cdyn. Pathological and ultrasound scores were considerably higher in the LOV group compared to the OM and LOM groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The lung W/D ratio was significantly higher in the LOM (6.68 ± 0.56) and LOV (7.40 ± 0.56) groups compared to the NC group (5.20 ± 0.16) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). At T6, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio in the LOV group was ≤200 mmHg, significantly lower than that in the NC group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Some rabbits in the OM and LOM groups also had PaO2/FiO2 ratios ≤200 mmHg, but the difference compared to the NC group was not statistically significant. In conclusion, this study established a novel moderate ARDS model in New Zealand White rabbits using LPS, OA, and VILI. The model demonstrates severe lung damage, pulmonary edema, and sustained hypoxemia, providing a basis for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1477554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of photoperiod change on serum hormone level, hair follicle growth and antioxidant status in skin tissue of cashmere goats.","authors":"Chenyu Mao, Xuelei Yin, Chu Wang, Xinran Huang, Jiawen Li","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1548681","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1548681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growth of cashmere in goats was primarily influenced by natural photoperiod. However, whether artificially altering the photoperiod modified the rhythm of cashmere growth still required verification. In this study, the effects of photoperiod change on hormone secretion, hair follicle development, gene expression and skin antioxidant status of goats were studied in non-growth period of cashmere. Eighteen goats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CG, natural photoperiod), short-day photoperiod group (SDPP, light 8 h/d, dark 16 h/d) and shortening photoperiod group (SPP, illumination duration gradually shortened from 16 h/d to 8 h/d). Experiment lasted for 60 days. Blood samples were taken weekly in first 30 days and every other day in last 30 days to determine hormone concentration. Skin samples were collected on 30 d and 60 d to determine hair follicle morphology, gene expression and skin antioxidant index. The results showed that SDPP and SPP increased the melatonin concentration on 34 d (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and 44 d (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the epidermal growth factor concentration on 46 d (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and 50 d (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the T3 concentration on 48 d and 56 d (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but decreased the prolactin concentration on 44 d (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and 56 d (<i>p</i> < 0.05), respectively. Additionally, on the 60 d, SDPP and SPP increased the depth of secondary hair follicle and the width of primary hair bulb (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and SPP increased the width of secondary hair bulb (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, on the 60 d, SDPP up-regulated the <i>β</i>-catenin expression; SPP up-regulated the <i>β</i>-catenin, BMP2 and PDGFA expression (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Besides, on the 30 d, SDPP increased the activity of catalase (CAT) (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and decreased the content of malonaldehyde (MDA) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). On the 60 d, SPP increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase, both SDPP and SPP increased the activities of CAT and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and decreased content of MDA in skin (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, at 60 d, both SDPP and SPP up-regulated the gene expression of SOD1, GPx4 and CAT (<i>p</i> < 0.05). It can be seen that shortened the photoperiod affected the hair follicle activity by altering the secretion of hormone and mediating the expression of key genes, made hair follicle morphological changes. Meanwhile, short photoperiod improved the antioxidant capacity, created favorable conditions for cashmere growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1548681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing, and associated with, physical activity patterns in dogs with osteoarthritis-associated pain.","authors":"Christina Stevens, Elizabeth Kawecki-Wright, Avery Rowlison de Ortiz, Andrea Thomson, Savannah Aker, Erin Perry, Emily Haupt, Alejandra Mondino, Masataka Enomoto, Margaret E Gruen, B Duncan X Lascelles","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1503009","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1503009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accelerometry can be used to measure physical activity and is a validated objective measure for evaluating the impact of osteoarthritis (OA) pain in companion animals. However, several factors other than OA pain can affect physical activity in dogs, and relatively little is understood about their influence. Functional linear modeling (FLM) is an approach for analyzing and visualizing high-frequency longitudinal data such as physical activity and can be used to assess the influence of factors on activity patterns. This study aimed to use FLM to investigate the effect of various factors on physical activity patterns in a cohort of dogs with OA pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-nine client-owned dogs with radiographic and clinical evidence of OA were fitted with a collar-based activity monitor (Actigraph GT3X). Average vector magnitudes were recorded once per minute over 7 days and averaged to create 24-h, per-minute activity profiles for each dog. Demographic information, owner completed OA Clinical Metrology Instruments (Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs and Canine Brief Pain Inventory), and veterinary examination findings (joint pain, muscle atrophy) were collected. Data were analyzed using FLM and a custom R package to evaluate the effect of each factor on 24-h patterns of physical activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At times of peak activity within a 24-h period, dogs with hindlimb OA pain, higher age, higher Clinical Metrology Instrument scores, higher joint pain, greater Body Condition Score and greater muscle atrophy all had decreased activity profiles. However, only age, hindlimb joint pain, and hindlimb muscle atrophy had statistically significant effects on physical activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Several factors influence activity patterns in dogs with OA pain. Understanding what and how factors influence patterns in dogs with OA pain will help refine the usage of physical activity as an objective outcome measure in clinical pain studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1503009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of crab growth performance, enzyme activity, and microbiota between rice-crab coculture and pond farming systems.","authors":"Xiaochen Zhu, Miao Nie, Na Sun, Yazhao Zhang, Mingxia Sun, Changlei Li, Qing Jiang, Hua Wei, Yingdong Li, Qingbiao Hu, Yingying Zhao, Xiaodong Li","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1571454","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1571454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To support the sustainable development of rice and aquaculture industries, various rice-animal coculture systems have been developed. One such system, the rice-crab coculture system (RCC), has been practiced for decades in northern China. However, studies on the crab physiological status in RCC remain limited. Microorganisms play a crucial role in aquaculture by influencing animal nutrition, health, nutrient cycling, water quality, and environmental impact. Research on the gut and environmental microbiota in RCC is scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study compared the growth performance, immune and digestive enzyme activities of crabs between RCC and traditional pond farming system (PF). In addition, the microbiota in crab guts, water, and sediment from both systems was investigated using <i>16S rRNA</i> gene sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Crabs in RCC exhibited superior growth performance and higher enzymatic activities, including acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lipase (LPS), and trypsin (TRY). Significant differences were observed in microbiota composition across crab gut, water, and sediment samples, respectively. RCC crabs had a lower abundance of Bacteroidota and a higher abundance of Firmicutes in their gut microbiota. The RCC environment was enriched with beneficial bacteria such as Rhizobiales, Methylococcales, KD4-96, C39, Xanthomonadales, and Nitrosomonadaceae. Microbial function predictions confirmed enhanced methanotrophy and nitrogen fixation in the RCC.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The RCC enhances the growth rate and immune capability of crabs. Crabs from RCC consume more animal-based nutrition, which results in distinct differences in gut microbiota composition and higher levels of LPS and TRY compared to those in PF. Additionally, RCC supports environmentally beneficial bacteria that contribute to greenhouse gas reduction, carbon and nitrogen fixation, organic matter decomposition, and ammonia oxidation, benefiting both the crabs and their ecosystem. These findings enhance our understanding of crab physiology and microbial communities in RCC and PF systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1571454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholders' perspectives on communicating biosecurity to encourage behavior change in farmers.","authors":"Sebastian Moya, Kate Lamont, Marnie L Brennan, Giovanna Ciavarino, Maria Costa, Alberto Allepuz, Lena-Mari Tamminen, Carla Correia-Gomes, Helena De Carvalho Ferreira, Mehmet Murat Dogusan, Teresa Imperial, Daniele De Meneghi, Miroslav Kjosevski, Ilias Chantziaras, Alison Burrell","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1562648","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1562648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective communication is crucial for strengthening collaboration and ensuring the successful implementation of biosecurity measures against infectious diseases. A collaborative approach, where farmers and veterinarians play a central role in decision-making, may have a greater impact on promoting the implementation of biosecurity practices compared to a top-down approach. The objective of this study was to explore the perspectives of researchers, official services, and industry on the preferred communication methods between farmers and various on-farm stakeholders. Data were collected through four simultaneous focus groups conducted within the framework of the COST Action BETTER project: three involving researchers, and one involving official services and industry people. The data were analyzed using content analysis, which generated three main themes and 13 subthemes: (i) effective methods for communicating biosecurity messages to farmers: direct interaction and practical learning, audio-visual media and support materials, importance of personalization and coordination, and challenges and innovative solutions; (ii) designing an optimal communication system to promote behavioral change in biosecurity: initial strategies for communication: knowledge and trust, integration of technological tools, mandatory programs and coordinated campaigns, continuous training and collaborative learning, and incentives and certifications; and (iii) measuring the success of biosecurity communication programs: evaluation tools and audits, key indicators and benchmarking, measuring attitudes and behavioral changes, and participation and knowledge as additional evaluation metrics. The findings highlight the need for collaborative, personalized, and sustainable approaches to biosecurity communication. This study provides valuable insights to inform the development and implementation of communication programs that remain effective over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1562648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> in raptors.","authors":"Zhen-Qiu Gao, Si-Yuan Qin, Lin-Hong Xie, Guang-Rong Bao, Xingzhou Wang, Ya Qin, Xuetao Han, Xiaoming Yu, Cong-Cong Lei, Xiao-Tian Zhang, Ming-Yuan Yu, He-Ting Sun, Shuo Liu","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1538725","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1538725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Blastocystis sp</i>. and <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> are common zoonotic pathogens threatening human and animal health. These parasites are widely distributed in birds, and substantial research on their prevalence has been conducted. However, no studies on <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>E. bieneusi</i> in raptors exist.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study collected 335 fecal samples from raptors in Changdao, China. The prevalence and genotypes of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>E. bieneusi</i> were determined through amplification of <i>SSU</i> rRNA and ITS gene. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA 11 with the neighbor-joining method (Kimura 2-parameter model, 1000 replicate).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall infection rates of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>E. bieneusi</i> in raptors were 1.19% (4/335) and 1.79% (6/335), respecttively. Among them, the highest infection rate of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. was observed in <i>Accipiter nisus</i> (3.85%, 1/26), while <i>Buteo japonicus</i> showed the highest infection rate of <i>E. bieneusi</i> (33.33%, 1/3), followed by <i>Asio otus</i> (7.69%, 1/13). This study identified two <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. subtypes: ST3 and ST10 in raptors for the first time. Regarding <i>E. bieneusi</i> in raptors, we identified four genotypes: CHN-F1, HND-III, BEB6, and HLJD-I. Among these, BEB6 and CHN-F1 are notable for their zoonotic potential and the risk of waterborne outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that raptors may be potential transmitters of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>E. bieneusi</i> to humans and other animals, as well as sources of water contamination. This study fills a gap in the research on <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>E. bieneusi</i> in raptors and is important for public health safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1538725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11962658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of ceRNA networks of lncRNA and miRNA associated with intramuscular fat deposition in Ujumqin sheep.","authors":"Mingxi Lan, Qing Qin, Yuchun Xie, Chongyan Zhang, Zhichen Liu, Xiaolong Xu, Jingwen Zhang, Songsong Xu, Ji Yang, Haijun Zhang, Suhe Alatan, Zhixin Wang, Zhihong Liu","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1559727","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1559727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The molecular mechanisms underlying intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition are crucial for enhancing lamb meat quality. This process is regulated by a network of transcription factors. Exploring the role of non-coding RNAs, particularly lncRNAs and miRNAs, in IMF deposition can clarify its complex genetics and offer resources for breeding Inner Mongolian local breeds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated carcass and lamb meat quality parameters using 60 six-month-old Ujumqin sheep with similar body weights. To investigate non-coding RNA's role in IMF deposition, we identified differentially expressed genes and pathways between the longissimus dorsi and femoral biceps. Additionally, we analyzed these genes and the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA co-regulatory network in high- and low-IMF femoral biceps groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 11,529 mRNAs (747 differentially expressed), 9,874 lncRNAs (1,428 differentially expressed), and 761 miRNAs (12 differentially expressed). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed these genes are involved in lipid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and energy metabolism. We constructed a ceRNA network with 12 lncRNAs, 4 miRNAs, and 6 mRNAs. Notably, lncRNA MSTRG.13155.1 interacts with miR-1343-3p_R + 2, promoting IMF deposition by releasing HADHA gene expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed MSTRG.13155.1 and HADHA as miR-1343-3p_R + 2 targets. RT-qPCR validated the expression trends of key mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs, consistent with sequencing results.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed genes and pathways in Ujumqin sheep's longissimus dorsi and femoral biceps, along with high- and low-IMF groups, has revealed the complex genetics of IMF deposition. This offers valuable resources for Inner Mongolian local breed selection. The interaction between lncRNA MSTRG.13155.1 and miR-1343-3p_R + 2, and their regulation of HADHA expression, provides new insights into IMF deposition mechanisms. Future research can explore these mechanisms' universality and specificity across different breeds and environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1559727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the genome and epigenome of avian <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains by R10.4.1 nanopore sequencing.","authors":"Jingyao Wang, Xudong Liu, Yanwen Shao, Runsheng Li, Surya Paudel","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1541964","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1541964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) causes colibacillosis in poultry, which is a very important disease worldwide. Despite well-documented genomic traits and diversity of APEC, its epigenomic characteristics are less understood. This study utilized the high throughput and long-read capabilities of Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) to elucidate the genome structures and methylation modifications of three <i>E. coli</i> isolates of avian origin: one intestinal isolate from a healthy wild bird and two systemic isolates from clinically affected chickens. Three complete genomes, each comprising a single chromosome and multiple plasmids were assembled. Diverse virulence-associated genes, antimicrobial resistance genes, mobile genetic elements plasmids and integrons were characterized from the genomes. Despite a limited sample size, our whole genome sequencing (WGS) data highlighted significant genomic diversity among the <i>E. coli</i> strains and enriched repertoire of gene clusters related to APEC pathogenicity. From the epigenetic analysis, multiple methylation modifications, including three N5-methylcytosine (5mC), eight N6-methyladenine (6mA) and two N4-methylcytosine (4mC) modification motifs were identified within all three isolates. Furthermore, common GATC and CCWGG methylation motifs were predominantly distributed within regulatory regions, suggesting a role in epigenetic transcription regulation. This study opens the avenue for future research into pathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of APEC considering epigenetic analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1541964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different energy and protein levels on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of Pekin ducks.","authors":"P Y Zhao, X Ao, W Zhao, L Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1438526","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1438526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was conducted to determine the effects of different energy and protein levels on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and taste scores of Pekin ducks. A total of 1,800 numbers of 15-day-old ducks (10 replicate pens, 60 birds/pen, 819 ± 18 g/duck) were blocked based on body weight (BW) and randomly allotted to three treatments with different metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) levels in this 28-day experiment. Dietary treatments were as follows: (1) low energy protein (LEP), 3,150 kcal/kg and 16% for the grower diet and 3,250 kcal/kg and 15% for the finisher diet; (2) medium energy protein (MEP), 3,250 kcal/kg and 16.5% for the grower diet and 3,350 kcal/kg and 15.5% for the finisher diet; (3) high energy protein (HEP), 3,350 kcal/kg and 17% for the grower diet and 3,450 kcal/kg and 16% for the finisher diet. During days 15-28, body weight gain (BWG) in the LEP group was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas FI, F/G, and caloric conversion were lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the MEP and HEP groups. During days 29-42, birds fed with LEP and HEP diets had lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) BWG but higher F/G and caloric conversion compared with those fed with the MEP diet. Birds fed with the LEP diet had higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) BWG than those fed with MEP and HEP diets throughout the experiment. The abdominal fat yield in the LEP group was lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than in the HEP group. Birds fed with the LEP diet had higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) left breast meat yields than those fed with MEP and HEP diets. The roasting loss in the LEP and HEP groups was lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than in the MEP group. Birds fed with LEP and HEP diets had higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) comprehensive scores, flavor scores, scent scores, and taste scores, but lower color scores compared with those fed with the MEP diet. In summary, the LEP diet with the lowest cost may be the most appropriate based on growth performance, roasting loss, and taste scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1438526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of sounds made by <i>Bos taurus</i> and <i>Bubalus bubalis</i> dams to their calves.","authors":"Ádám Lenner, Zoltán Lajos Papp, István Komlósi","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1549100","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1549100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Audio and video recording techniques have advanced significantly in recent years, allowing newer opportunities for sound analysis. The grouping of cattle breeds or individuals based on the connections between their behavior and condition and their vocalizations is important from the point of view of animal welfare. Despite the numerous studies published about the acoustic characteristics of such sounds, there has not been an acoustic analysis regarding of cattle behavior and condition in isolation. The grey cattle and domestic buffalo cows, separated from their calves for a few minutes, are stressed and vocalize orally. In this study various methods were employed for the analysis of the sounds that water buffalo and grey cattle made after weaning. Differences have been found between the two species, but not between individuals. Their pitch varies over time for both species. The buffalo voice is three times more dynamic than that of the grey cattle on a logHz scale. Furthermore, a significant difference was found between relevant mel frequency cepstral coefficients adapted to animals. Our findings may be utilized in agriculture and bioacoustic procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1549100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}