Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Case Report: Multi organ dysfunction in a dog following massive paper wasp (<i>Polistes rothneyi</i>) envenomation.","authors":"Jeong-Min Lee, Seung-Keun Lee, Sun-Tae Lee","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1558937","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1558937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paper wasp (<i>Polistes rothneyi</i>) envenomation is an emerging public threat in Asian countries, but its clinical manifestations are limited in veterinary medicine. A 2-year-old male Yorkshire Terrier was evaluated for symptoms including vomiting, melena, and anuria, and upon presentation, exhibited lethargy and signs of jaundice. The dog had a history of being stung multiple times by paper wasps (<i>Polistes rothneyi</i>) 3 days prior to admission. On blood examination, anemia, severe azotemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and significant elevation of creatine kinase were noted. Treatment was initiated with epinephrine, glucocorticoids, antihistamines, and fluid therapy. Despite these interventions, the condition worsened, necessitating the initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy. However, the dog subsequently developed bradycardia and hypotension, leading to cardiac arrest 48 h after presentation. This is the first case report describing the clinical manifestation of dogs envenomated by paper wasps (<i>Polistes rothneyi</i>). Massive paper wasp envenomation can cause multiple organ lesions, including renal, hepatic, and gastrointestinal damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1558937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical composition, <i>in vitro</i> gas production, and nutrient degradability of carob leaves as a sustainable feed for ruminants in Tunisia and Palestine.","authors":"Soha Ghzayel, Hajer Ammar, Halimeh Zoabi, Bassem Abou Aziz, Ahmed E Kholif, Moyòsore J Adegbeye, Rym Ben Abdallah, Mario de Haro-Martí, Secundino Lopez, Mireille Chahine","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1433814","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1433814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Carob leaves may be a potential roughage source for ruminants in arid areas. The nutritive value of this feedstuff may be considerably enhanced by the application of solid-phase chemical treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritive value of carob leaves collected from Tunisia and Palestine untreated or treated with urea or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or supplemented with polyethylene glycol (PEG) on chemical composition and <i>in vitro</i> ruminal fermentation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Carob leaf samples were collected from either Palestine or Tunisia, and were used either untreated (control) or treated with urea, NaOH at 4% or PEG at 100 mg/g (dry matter (DM) basis), and analyzed for chemical composition. Carob leaves were incubated <i>in vitro</i> in diluted rumen fluid fermentation for 48 h, measuring fermentation gasses [methane (CH₄), and carbon dioxide (CO₂)], DM degradability and fermentation kinetics.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Results showed a significant country × treatment interaction for most measured parameters, indicating that treatment effects are constrained by the origin of the leaves. Palestine untreated carob leaves had higher (<i>p</i> < 0.001) crude fat, crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), but less nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin than Tunisia leaves. Tunisia carob leaves had higher concentration (<i>p</i> < 0.01) of flavonoids and tannins than leaves from Palestine. Of the three treatments tested, the addition of PEG increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) the gas production during the incubation in diluted rumen fluid of carob leaves and this effect was greater with leaves from Palestine than with those from Tunisia. The other treatments had less noticeable effects, which were different when applied to the leaves from one or another country, given the significance of the interaction country × treatment detected for most of the variables studied. PEG, NaOH and urea treatments of carob leaves can be applied to enhance the ruminal fermentation and energy value of this feedstuff. However, the effects of these treatments are highly dependent on the parent material, and seem to be more effective when applied to a low digestible material.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1433814"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and application of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method based on <i>MetAP2</i> gene for the detection of <i>Nosema bombycis</i> in silkworms (<i>Bombyx mori</i>).","authors":"Izhar Hyder Qazi, Ting Yuan, Sijia Yang, Christiana Angel, Jiping Liu","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1549224","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1549224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pebrine, caused by <i>Nosema bombycis</i>, is a devastating disease of silkworms that causes huge economic losses to the sericulture farmers. Although pebrine is a quarantine disease, currently the development of effective molecular diagnostic or therapeutic tools for its management is still a lagging hotspot in sericulture research. In the present study, a highly specific, sensitive, and field-applicable LAMP assay targeting <i>MetAp2</i> gene was developed. LM1 primer set produced better results, with fluorescence (amplification) signals appearing in ~50 min. The reaction temperature of 60.9°C and outer primer to inner primer ratio of 1:8 were found to be optimal, with the shortest amplification time and strongest fluorescence intensity. The LAMP assay showed high specificity for the DNA of <i>Nosema bombycis</i> spores, as the templates of other common microorganisms of silkworms showed no amplification. The LAMP assay detected pMD-19T-met positive plasmid at the lowest concentration of 10³ copies, with a detection time of ~80 min. The practicality test showed that the LAMP assay can detect <i>Nosema bombycis</i> spore DNA at the lowest concentration of 10^-3 ng/μL. At concentration of 1.2 ng/μL, the real-time fluorescence signals appeared in ~60 min. The LAMP assay detected <i>Nosema bombycis</i> at all life stages of untreated silkworms. In fumagillin treated silkworms, no real-time fluorescence amplification was observed at 90 h and later, indicating the reliability of LAMP in detecting <i>Nosema bombycis</i>, and effectiveness of fumagillin, to some degree, in treating pebrine infection. The developed LAMP assay holds good promise for its application as a specific and field-applicable tool for the detection/control of pebrine in the field settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1549224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonotic transmission of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex between cattle and humans in Central Ethiopia.","authors":"Tefera Woldemariam, Temesgen Mohammed, Aboma Zewude, Mahlet Chanyalew, Hazim O Khalifa, Gezahegne Mamo, Gobena Ameni","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1527279","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1527279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The zoonotic transmission of tuberculosis (TB) from cattle to humans has long been recognized, while the reverse transmission from humans to animals has only recently been reported. The socioeconomic conditions in rural Ethiopia are conducive to the zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmission of TB between cattle and humans. This study aimed to explore the transmission of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex between cattle and humans in Central Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To achieve this objective, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,896 cattle slaughtered at two abattoirs and 392 human subjects suspected of tuberculosis who visited health institutions for treatment. Mycobacteriological culture and spoligotyping were used for the study. Additionally, the Spoligotype International Types and VNTR (variable number of DNA tandem repeats) International Types (SITVIT2) database and the online tool \"Run TB-Lineage\" were used to identify SIT and lineages of the isolates from both humans and cattle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Culture positivity was found in 26.3% (21/80) of the gross TB-suspicious tissue lesions in the lungs and lymph nodes (mandibular, retropharyngeal, cranial, and caudal mediastinal, as well as left and right bronchial, hepatic, and mesenteric lymph nodes) of cattle. Of the 21 cattle isolates, 12 (57.2%) were identified as <i>M. bovis,</i> while the remaining 9 (42.8%) were classified as <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. Similarly, only 22% (86/392) of the sputum samples from TB-suspicious humans were culture positive. These 86 human isolates included 81 <i>M. tuberculosis</i>, three <i>M. africanum,</i> and two <i>M. bovis, as determined</i> by spoligotyping. SIT50, SIT118, and SIT1318, which belong to the human species, were isolated from both humans and cattle. The two human <i>M. bovis</i> isolates exhibited the pattern of SB1443, which was not identified in cattle within this study area.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmissions of TB were confirmed in Ethiopia by isolating two <i>M. bovis</i> from humans and nine <i>M. tuberculosis</i> from cattle, which suggested a greater role for <i>M. tuberculosis</i> in cattle compared to <i>M. bovis</i> in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1527279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Veterinary public health: veterinary medicine's current challenges in a globalised world.","authors":"Reinhard Fries, Diana Meemken, Ivan Nastasijevic, Suporn Thongyuan","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1564614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1564614","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1564614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a water-soluble β-glucan on intestinal immunity and microbiota in LPS-challenged piglets.","authors":"Yuliang Wu, Yuxin Li, Mengli Chen, Juan Zhao, Xia Xiong, Chen Guang Olnood, Yundi Gao, Fei Wang, Can Peng, Miao Liu, Chunxia Huang, Jianzhong Li, Liuqin He, Huansheng Yang, Yulong Yin","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1533872","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1533872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intestine is the largest immune and barrier organ in the body, and diarrhea and even death during piglet development are related to dysfunction caused by intestinal barrier damage and inflammation. A water-soluble β-glucan produced by Agrobacterium ZX09 has been shown to have a beneficial effect on gastrointestinal health. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether pre-feeding β-glucan has a protective effect on LPS-induced immune stress in piglets. In this study, 24 weaned piglets (21-day-old; 6.64 ± 0.16 kg) were assigned to 4 treatments in a two × two factorial design with diet (with or without β-glucan) and immunological challenge (saline or LPS). Piglets were challenged with saline or LPS after 39 days of feeding 0 or 200 mg/kg β-glucan. The results demonstrated that β-glucan supplementation increased the average daily weight gain and daily feed intake, and decreased diarrhea rate of piglets. Intestinal inflammation symptoms and histological changes in LPS-challenged piglets were alleviated by pre-feeding of β-glucan. β-glucan supplementation reduced serum IL-1β (interleukin-1β) and NO (nitric oxide) secretion in piglets after LPS challenge (0.01 < <i>p</i> < 0.05). Supplementation with β-glucan downregulated the mRNA expression of IL-6 in piglets after LPS challenge (0.01 < <i>p</i> < 0.05). β-glucan supplementation enriched the short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, such as <i>Agathobacter</i> and <i>Subdoligranulum</i> (0.01 < <i>p</i> < 0.05), and increased the concentrations of propionate and butyrate (0.01 < <i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, pre-feeding β-glucan can enhance piglet immunity and promote piglet growth by influencing gut microbiota composition and metabolism, and alleviate intestinal damage after LPS challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1533872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Housed feeding improves rumen health by influencing the composition of the microbiota in Honghe cattle.","authors":"Runqi Fu, Lin Han, Chunjia Jin, Ye Yu, Binlong Fu, Qian Li, Jing Leng","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1556934","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1556934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rumen is one of the most vital organs for the digestion of ruminants and is influenced by factors including feeding patterns and nutrition. How rumen microbiota and barrier function change are affected feeding patterns requires attention, particularly for beef cattle. In the present study, the Honghe cattle under grazing (CON group, <i>n</i> = 10) and housed feeding (HES group, <i>n</i> = 10) conditions were selected as a model of different rumen microbiota and observed for 180 days. The indicators of immunity and antioxidants in serum and rumen epithelium of cattle were measured; and the rumen microbiota were evaluated by using 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing techniques. In the present study, the concentrations of total protein, albumin and glucose in serum of Honghe cattle were significantly increased by the HES group when compared with CON group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The HES group reduced the levels of complement 3, complement 4, interleukin-4, interleukin-10, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor <i>α</i>, but increased the levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). We found that the HES group enhanced the levels of T-AOC and SOD in rumen epithelium (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant up-regulation of the relative mRNA expressions of <i>ZO-1</i>, <i>OCC</i>, <i>SOD1</i>, <i>SOD2</i>, <i>Nrf2</i>, <i>NQO-1</i> and <i>HO-1</i> observed in the HES group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). For rumen microbiota, the HES group significantly decreased alpha diversity. The core rumen bacterial communities were Bacteroidata, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The relative abundances of <i>Prevotella</i> and <i>Ruminococcus</i> were increased by the HES group, but <i>norank_f_Bacteroidales_UCG-001</i>, <i>Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group</i> and <i>Prevotellaceae_UCG-003</i> were decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Moreover, The HES group enhanced the relative abundance of <i>Pichia</i>, <i>Cyllamyces</i>, <i>Sterigmatomyces</i> and <i>Wallemia</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but decreased <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Candida</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between microorganisms such as <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Ruminococcus</i> and <i>Pichia</i> and rumen epithelial barrier and antioxidant-related genes (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Overall, housed feeding contributed to the improvement of antioxidant capacity and rumen health in Honghe cattle, which may be related to the modulation of rumen microbiota including bacteria and fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1556934"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report: Endolymphatic system disease in elasmobranchs: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.","authors":"Whitney Greene, Nuno Pereira, Bethany Doescher, Carlos Rojo-Solis, Hugo David, Ricardo Faustino, David Reese, Ryan De Voe, Ed Latson, Natalie Mylniczenko","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1463428","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1463428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The inner ear is an often overlooked system in elasmobranchs with few documented reports of disease or other abnormalities in the literature. Similar to terrestrial vertebrates, it is located in the cranium, and there are multiple components to the ear of elasmobranchs including a pair of membranous labyrinths each with three semicircular canals and four chambers or end organs (the saccule, the lagena, the utricle and the macula neglecta) making up the endolymphatic system (ELS). There is species variability among the inner ear anatomy of elasmobranchs, and this may play a role in disease development, progression, and treatment outcomes. Also similar to terrestrial vertebrates, this system plays a key role in hearing, acceleration, and orientation. When affected, clinical signs may include localized areas of swelling or stoma development along the dorsal midline of the head at the endolymphatic pores, atypical swimming behaviors consistent with vestibular disease (spiraling/spinning or barrel rolling, or tilting to one side), and anorexia. Less frequently, the eyes may also be affected and present with exophthalmia, hyphema, and/or panophthalmitis. Herein are case series from five institutions representing a variety of elasmobranch species affected with ELS disease with discussion of anatomy, clinical presentation, diagnostics, etiology, treatment, and outcomes. Endolymphatic disease may be clinically underdiagnosed in elasmobranchs and mistaken for other diseases such as superficial subcutaneous or subdermal abscesses, focal dermatitis, or neuropathies presumed to not be associated with the inner ear system. In addition, disease may be occult for a long period of time prior to overt manifestation of signs or chronic with waxing and waning clinical signs, likely because of anatomy and resultant treatment challenges. Awareness and additional research may help to promote timely identification, improve diagnostic and treatment options, and help to optimize individual animal welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"11 ","pages":"1463428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The preventive effect of probiotic <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> X86 isolated from raw milk on <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>-induced mastitis in rats.","authors":"Xiulan Xie, Mei Cao, Shiying Yan, Haihui Gao, Yuwei Yang, Jiayi Zeng, Gang Zhang, Jian Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1476232","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1476232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mastitis is the most common and challenging disease that affects dairy animal welfare and causes huge economic loss in dairy industry globally. Conventional antibiotic treatment of mastitis raised the drug resistance and unsuccessful therapy. As an alternative approach, probiotic lactobacilli had shown multifunctional effects against diseases. Lactobacillus strains against mastitis are worth screening and evaluating. In this study, milk-derived Lactobacillus spp. from Ningxia, China were screened <i>in vitro</i> and the anti-mastitis effect of a candidate strain was evaluated through a <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>-induced rat mastitis model. The results showed that <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> X86 exhibited a high adhesion rate of MAC-T cells, presented the best probiotic properties, and demonstrated anti-<i>S. aureus</i> effects <i>in vitro</i> through comprehensive assessment. Furthermore, <i>L. plantarum</i> X86 alleviated pathological damage to the mammary gland, liver, and colon, inhibited the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-<i>α</i> in mammary gland tissue; and increased the content of intestine SCFAs in a rat mastitis model induced by <i>S. aureus</i>. In conclusion, our results suggested that <i>L. plantarum</i> X86 could be a promising probiotic for the prevention and treatment of <i>S. aureus</i>-induced mastitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1476232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unique temperature change patterns in calves eyes and muzzles: a non-invasive approach using infrared thermography and object detection.","authors":"Sueun Kim, Norio Yamagishi, Shingo Ishikawa, Shinobu Tsuchiaka","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1548906","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1548906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the potential of non-invasive, continuous temperature measurement techniques for assessing cattle welfare. We employed advanced object detection algorithms and infrared thermography to accurately extract and continuously measure temperatures of the eyes and muzzles of 11 calves over several months (total, 33 samples). A mobile thermal imaging camera was paired with the Mask R-CNN algorithm (object detection) trained on annotated datasets to detect eye and muzzle regions accurately. Temperature data were processed by outlier rejection, standardization, and low-pass filtering to derive temperature change patterns. Cosine similarity metrics and permutation tests were employed to evaluate the uniqueness of these patterns among the individuals. The average cosine similarity between eye and muzzle temperature changes in the same individual across 33 samples was 0.72, with permutation tests yielding <i>p</i>-values <0.01 for most samples, indicating pattern uniqueness. This study highlights the potential of high-frequency, non-invasive temperature measurements for detecting subtle physiological changes in animals without causing distress.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1548906"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}