Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis revealed that MSTN regulated the process of bovine fatty acid metabolism in gut.","authors":"Li Gao, Yong Ma, Lili Wang, Hao Wu, Ruobing Kang, Guangpeng Li, Lei Yang, Tong Wen","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1541257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1541257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>MSTN is a well-studied inhibitor of skeletal muscle development, but its mechanism of affecting gut metabolites and the functions it exerts through this pathway are still unclear. This study aims to reveal how MSTN affects the metabolism process by regulating gut metabolites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Combined analysis of jejunal contents metabolome and jejunal tissue transcriptome was used to compare the differences in intestinal metabolites and intestinal tissue gene expression between MSTN mutant and wild-type bovines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Metabolomic analysis identified that compared to wild-type bovine, the abundance of 304 metabolites were significantly changed in MSTN mutant cattle including 142 upregulated and 162 downregulated. Transcriptome results showed that the expression level of 1541 genes were influenced by MSTN disruption, including 536 upregulated genes and 1005 downregulated genes, which were categorized into 311 KEGG signaling pathways, primarily related to disease and metabolism. Correlation analysis results suggested a notable cross-regulation between the transcript levels of some specific genes in jejunal tissues and the abundance of jejunal metabolites, represented by fatty metabolites and genes associated with fatty acid degradation, synthesis and elongation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Collectively, the result of this study indicated that MSTN gene mutation led to alterations in gut microbial metabolites by increasing the abundance of beneficial monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) such as oleic acid, then to promote fatty acid degradation while inhibiting its synthesis by regulating the expression levels of relevant genes. These results provide a foundation for understanding the effects of MSTN gene mutations on gut metabolites and its certain functions that MSTN regulated via gut metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1541257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors for lameness in dairy cattle on selected farms located in Dessie and Kombolcha, Northeast Ethiopia.","authors":"Hasen Ahimed Mekonin, Abadi Amare Reda, Alula Alemayehu Assen, Awol Mohammed Assen","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1456527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1456527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lameness in dairy cattle has continued to be a significant burden for farmers in modern dairy production due to its impact on animal welfare and productivity. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2022 to February 2023 to estimate the prevalence and identify associated risk factors of lameness in 433 dairy cows across 37 selected farms located in Dessie and Kombolcha, Northeast Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The selected animals were examined for lameness using a five-point visual locomotion scoring technique during daily outdoor access on a solid walking surface in the designated refreshment areas. Cows with a lameness score of > 2 were considered clinically lame. The overall prevalence of lameness was defined as the total number of clinically lame animals divided by the total number of animals examined. The herd-level prevalence was calculated as the total number of positive herds divided by the total number of herds sampled. After variable screening using univariable analysis, separate multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models that included farm as a random effect were fitted to identify risk factors for lameness at both the animal and herd levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of lameness was 5.77% (95%CI = 3.57-7.98%). The herd-level lameness prevalence was 32.4% (95%CI = 18.0-49.8%), while the average within-herd lameness prevalence was 5.20% (95%CI = 2.46-7.95%, range = 0.00-25.0%). The animal- and herd-level risk factors included in the final multivariable mixed-effects model were age, body condition score, milking status, and farm history of lameness. Among these, only milking status and lameness history were significant in the final model. The odds of being lame were higher in the cows in the middle (OR = 10.8, 95%CI = 1.37-84.8, <i>p</i> = 0.024) and late (OR = 11.1, 95%CI = 1.38-88.8, <i>p</i> = 0.024) stages of lactation. Furthermore, the animals on farms with a history of lameness (OR = 10.0, 95%CI = 2.87-37.4, <i>p</i> = 0.001) were more likely to be clinically lame.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lameness was strongly associated with the middle and late stages of lactation, particularly on farms with a previous history of lameness. Therefore, farmers should regularly monitor and maintain cows' lactation status and increase their awareness about lameness on farms to help reduce its occurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1456527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectious endophthalmitis associated with umbilical infection in Japanese black calf: a case report.","authors":"Reiichiro Sato, Atsushi Iguchi, Ryoko Uemura, Hiroki Tsujita, Adrian Steiner","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1567426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1567426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 3-day-old Japanese black calf presented with a swollen and tender umbilical cord and diffusely cloudy and keratoconus eyes. Abdominal ultrasonography confirmed mild enlargement of both umbilical arteries and the urachus with a hyperechoic lumen. Additionally, a hyperechogenic structure suggestive of pus was noted near the abdominal wall. Fluorescein staining revealed corneal epithelial injury, whereas slit lamp examination identified corneal edema, increased corneal thickness, and keratitis with vascularization of the corneal stroma. Based on these findings, diagnoses of omphaloarteritis, omphalourachitis, and bullous keratitis were made. Both umbilical arteries and the urachus were surgically removed; both ocular globes were covered with a third eyelid flap, which was released 30 days postoperatively. On the follow-up, ocular ultrasonography indicated bleeding or fibrin deposits in the vitreous body of the right ocular globe. Because intraocular inflammation was suspected, anterior aqueous humor was collected from the right ocular globe, and bacterial examination was performed with the umbilical artery abscess, urachal abscess, and intraabdominal pus collected intraoperatively. <i>Escherichia coli</i> was isolated from the umbilical artery abscess, urachal abscess, intraabdominal pus, and aqueous humor, and all isolates exhibited identical genotypes. These findings suggest that endophthalmitis occurred as a result of the hematogenous spread of bacteria originating from septic umbilical cord remnants and that ocular ultrasonography is useful for assessing intraocular pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1567426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune enhancement and disease resistance against <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> infection by dietary <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>-fermented <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaves in <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>.","authors":"Ghada S Abdelkader, El-Sayed Y El-Naenaeey, Hossam M Abdallah, Ehsan H Abu-Zeid, Ibrahim F Rehan, František Zigo, Gamal A Elmowalid","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1557671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1557671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For enhancing the nutritional characteristics of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaves (MOLs), the present research set out to examine the effect of MOLs fermented by <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (MOLF) or MOLs powder (MOLP) on innate immunity defense and resilience to <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> challenge in <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>. A 30-day experiment was conducted with 180 Nile tilapia fingerlings, divided randomly into five equal-sized groups of 36 fingerlings, three replicates per group. The 1st control fish received a basal meal devoid of any supplements. The 2nd MOLP-L and the 3rd MOLP-H fish received basal meals enriched with low and high levels of MOLP (50 g or 100 g/kg diet). The 4th MOLF-L and 5th MOLF-H fish received basal meals enriched with low and high levels of MOLF (50 g or 100 g/kg diet). Ferulic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid were the primary phenolic components identified by HPLC in the fermented MOLs. Meanwhile, naringenin, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, apigenin, and catechin were the main flavonoids detected. The results revealed that MOLF dietary supplementation enhanced the immune-related outcomes more significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) than MOLP in a dose-related manner. Supplementation of MOLF increased serum nitric oxide and lysozyme levels, phagocytic index, phagocytic %, hepatic superoxide dismutase, and glutathione, yet declined the levels of malondialdehyde more significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) than the MOLP. The proinflammatory genes <i>IL1</i>β, <i>TNF</i>α, and <i>IL-2</i> were significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.0.05) down-regulated. In contrast, the expression of the <i>IL-10</i> gene was markedly upregulated in the spleen and head kidney (anterior) post <i>A. hydrophila</i> challenge in the MOLF-groups than the MOLP-groups. MOLF-supplemented groups showed a significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) enhanced relative proportion of survivorship and survival rates but decreased the <i>A. hydrophila</i> bacterial load (CFU) compared to the MOLP-supplemented groups. In conclusion, our findings have offered new insights into the promising immune-enhancing outcome of MOLF as a dietary supplement for immune augmentation against disease challenges in Nile tilapia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1557671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional profile of <i>Glaesserella parasuis</i> in swine serosal and joint fluids.","authors":"Daniel W Nielsen, Kaitlyn M Sarlo Davila, Susan L Brockmeier, Samantha J Hau","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1452973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1452973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Glaesserella parasuis</i> is the causative agent of Glässer's disease and contributes to significant post-weaning mortality in the swine industry. Glässer's disease is characterized by meningitis, polyserositis, and polyarthritis. Previous work has examined transcriptomic differences of <i>G. parasuis</i> when inoculated into different <i>in vitro</i> conditions, lung explants, or the lung <i>in vivo</i> following intratracheal challenge. However, it is still unknown how the transcriptome of <i>G. parasuis</i> may change to cause polyserositis or polyarthritis. Here, we incubated <i>G. parasuis</i> in acellular joint or serosal fluid for 3 and 12 hours to better understand transcriptional changes in the joint or serosal compartment. When <i>G. parasuis</i> serovar 5 strain 29755 was incubated in host fluid for 3h, cell wall, membrane, and envelope biogenesis genes were downregulated compared to <i>G. parasuis</i> incubated in PBS. In contrast, translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis and carbohydrate transport and metabolism were upregulated in the host fluid compared to PBS. Additionally, there were eleven differentially expressed genes with an unknown function shared between the acellular joint and serosal fluid at the 3h timepoint compared to PBS. When comparing the differences between the host fluids from 12 to 3h and the host fluids at 3h compared to PBS, this study found sixteen genes with inverse expression patterns. An investigation into the hypothetical genes identified and the nineteen shared genes in all comparisons may provide further knowledge about the pathogenesis of <i>G. parasuis</i>, which may be useful in developing interventions against Glässer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1452973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Official and private animal welfare inspectors' perception of their own on-site inspections.","authors":"Frida Lundmark Hedman, Ivana R Ewerlöf, Jenny Frössling, Charlotte Berg","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1575471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1575471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of a trustworthy and effective animal welfare control system is important both for animal welfare and for public and consumer trust. The inspectors' main task, regardless of whether they are official inspectors or private auditors, is to check for and enforce compliance with any relevant regulations. The aim of this study was to investigate how official animal welfare inspectors and private animal welfare auditors in Sweden perceive their inspection work and to explore any differences in the perception of being an inspector between these two groups. An electronic questionnaire was developed and received responses from 108 official inspectors and 22 private auditors (mainly inspecting the KRAV standard, Arlagården®, and the Trotter Health Standard). The results show that the official inspectors and private auditors usually enjoy their work, and they quite often have similar ambitions and views on what characterizes a good inspector. The respondents stated, for example, that it is important to have good dialog with the inspected animal keeper, that it is important to make uniform assessments (even if this can be challenging to achieve), and that animal keepers quite often show their appreciation after an inspection. However, there were also a number of differences in perception between the groups. For example, the official inspectors felt more exposed to unpleasant and threatening situations, while the private auditors were more likely to report the keeper being expected as acting nicely, professionally and relaxed during routine inspections. The official inspectors had a slightly more negative attitude toward the presence of private auditors than the other way around. Nevertheless, the respondents were in agreement that their collaboration and communication needed to be improved. One should bear in mind that the official inspectors also carry out inspections after complaints and more often make unannounced inspections. They not only inspect farms and horse premises, as the private auditors do, they also inspect different pet premises and have a secondary position of power as representatives of the government compared to the private auditors. These various circumstances may partly explain different views and perceptions between the official inspectors and the private auditors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1575471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Dioscorea oppositifolia</i> L. on growth performance, biochemical indicators, immunity, and intestinal health of weaned piglets.","authors":"Xiang-Yi Pan, Zheng-Ying Qiu, Chen Liu, Chuan Wang, Xiaowu Wang, Li-Na Huang, Si-Fan Li, Xiong-Wei Shi, Shao-Guang Ge, Rui-Hua Xin","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1529881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1529881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Weaning stress syndrome in piglets seriously endangers the healthy development of the breeding industry. <i>Dioscorea oppositifolia</i> L. (Chinese yam, YAM) has activities such as boosting immunity and regulating gastrointestinal function. In order to explore the potential efficacy of YAM on weaned piglets, this study aimed to investigate the effects of growth performance, immune function, intestinal health and intestinal flora composition of weaned piglets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-eight 28-day-old weaned piglets were randomly divided into a control group, YAML group and YAMH group, with 0, 1 and 2% YAM added to the basal diet, respectively. During the experiment, the piglets' feed intake was recorded, and blood and fecal samples were collected. After the feeding period, intestinal tissue samples and colon content samples were collected for testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that adding YAM to the diet can lower the incidence of diarrhea in weaned piglets, improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility, and reduce serum enzyme activity alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); in addition, YAM can also increase serum immunoglobulins (Ig) and antibody titers, regulate the level of inflammatory factors, and promote the expression of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) protein in the intestine. Furthermore, supplementation with YAM can increase the villus height (VH), the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C), and the expression of Tight junctions (TJs), and also has a positive regulatory effect on the intestinal flora.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In summary, YAM alleviates weaning stress syndrome in piglets by promoting growth performance, improving immune function and disease resistance, improving intestinal morphology and mucosal immunity, and regulating the intestinal microbial composition of piglets. This provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of YAM as a new plant-derived feed additive.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1529881"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting respiratory vaccination in Oklahoma cow-calf operations.","authors":"Kristina Harwell, Amy D Hagerman, Kellie Curry Raper, Hannah Shear, Rosslyn Biggs, Barry Whitworth","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1502455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1502455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Respiratory disease is a leading cause of death loss among US beef cattle operations and has significant lingering negative impacts on calf health, performance, and financial returns as they move through the supply chain. It can also negatively impact cowherd reproductive performance. Yet, a significant number of beef cattle operations have not adopted respiratory vaccination for calves or the breeding herd.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This analysis explores the potential reasons why some producers vaccinate their cattle and some do not, including how influential factors regarding vaccination adoption differ between calves and the breeding herd using Probit regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regression results indicate that, for calves, the likelihood of respiratory vaccine adoption is most influenced by herd size and the use of other vaccines. Breeding herd vaccination decisions are more complex, influenced not by herd size but rather by disease knowledge and risk perception, producer education, and cost barriers.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Herd health management education efforts through veterinarians and extension services can use these results to better target respiratory vaccination information addressing some of these barriers, improving national cattle herd health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1502455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel cross-validated machine learning based Alertix-Cancer Risk Index for early detection of canine malignancies.","authors":"Hanan Sharif, Reza Arabi Belaghi, Kiran Kumar Jagarlamudi, Sara Saellström, Liya Wang, Henrik Rönnberg, Staffan Eriksson","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1570106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1570106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The demand for non-invasive tumor biomarkers in veterinary field has recently grown significantly. Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is one of the non-invasive proliferation biomarkers that has been used for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of different canine malignancies. However, recent studies showed that the combination of TK1 with inflammatory biomarkers such as canine C-reactive protein (cCRP) can enhance the sensitivity for early tumor detection. Herein, we developed a machine learning (ML) model, i.e., Alertix-Cancer Risk Index (Alertix-CRI) which incorporates canine TK1 protein, CRP levels in conjunction with an age factor.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 287 serum samples were included in this study, consisting of 67 healthy dogs and dogs with different tumors (i.e., T-cell lymphoma <i>n</i> = 24, B-cell lymphoma <i>n</i> = 29, histiocytic sarcoma <i>n</i> = 47, hemangiosarcoma <i>n</i> = 26, osteosarcoma <i>n</i> = 26, mastocytoma <i>n</i> = 40, and mammary tumors <i>n</i> = 28). Serum TK1 protein levels were measured using TK1-ELISA and cCRP levels by a quantitative ELISA. The whole data set was divided as training (70%) and validation (30%). The Alertix-Cancer Risk Index (Alertix-CRI) is a generalized boosted regression model (GBM) with high accuracy in the training set and further validation was carried out with the same model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the TK1-ELISA and cCRP levels were significantly higher in the tumor group compared to healthy controls (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). For overall tumors, the ROC curve analysis showed that TK1-ELISA has similar sensitivity as cCRP (54% vs. 51%) at a specificity of 95%. However, the Alertix-CRI for all malignancies showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.98, demonstrating very high discriminatory capacity, with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 97%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results demonstrate that the novel Alertix-CRI could be used as a decision-support tool helping clinicians to early differentiate dogs with malignant diseases from healthy. Additionally, these findings would facilitate the advancement of more precise and dependable diagnostic tools for early cancer detection and therapy monitoring within the realm of veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1570106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of erythromycin and metoclopramide in hospitalized dogs: a multicenter historical cohort study.","authors":"Ee Fung Teo, Claire R Sharp, Corrin J Boyd, Weiqin Chee","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1551312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1551312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prokinetics are used to treat gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility in critically ill dogs but there have been no published studies characterizing their use. The objective of this multi-institutional retrospective cohort study was to describe the use of the prokinetics erythromycin and metoclopramide in dogs hospitalized in two institutions. We hypothesized that there would be change over time and differences between institutions in the use of erythromycin and metoclopramide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dogs for inclusion were identified by fee code searches for injectable erythromycin and metoclopramide in the electronic medical record systems of The Animal Hospital at Murdoch University and Western Australian Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Hospital for the years 2018 and 2023. 75 cases from each hospital in each year were selected for inclusion from the search results using a formal randomization procedure to yield a total case number of 300. Data collected for each dog included signalment, diagnosis, reason(s) for starting prokinetics, the injectable prokinetic(s) used, frequency, and doses. Chi square or Fisher's exact tests were used as appropriate to compare the proportions of dogs receiving metoclopramide alone, erythromycin alone, or both prokinetics in 2018 and 2023, the proportions of dogs receiving metoclopramide or erythromycin as sole prokinetics between the two institutions, and the proportions of dogs receiving a single prokinetic versus dual prokinetics between the two institutions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Primary GI diseases accounted for the majority of the diagnoses. The most common reasons for starting a prokinetic were vomiting, an imaging diagnosis of ileus, prophylaxis following abdominal surgery, and regurgitation. Metoclopramide was administered as a sole prokinetic in the majority of dogs, fewer cases received erythromycin alone, or both prokinetics. Use of metoclopramide alone decreased from 2018 to 2023, with more dogs receiving erythromycin alone or both prokinetics in 2023. There were also significant differences in prokinetic use between institutions.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Prospective studies to investigate the effectiveness and safety of metoclopramide and erythromycin as prokinetics in dogs are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1551312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}