Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Handling techniques and risk factors reported by veterinary professionals during dog examinations: a cross-sectional survey across Canada and the United States.","authors":"Lindsay Nakonechny, Alissa Cisneros, Carly M Moody, Anastasia Chiara Stellato","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1634970","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1634970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Handling techniques are known to influence dog stress in veterinary settings; however, little is known about the current handling techniques applied to dogs during routine veterinary care or risk factors associated with their use. This cross-sectional survey aimed to assess common handling techniques used on calm, fearful, and aggressive dogs by veterinary professionals in Canada and the United States and identify risk factors for minimal and full-body restraint.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A convenience sample of veterinary professionals completed an online questionnaire. It collected information on participant characteristics and clinic experience (e.g., gender, Ten Item Personality Index, bite history, stress-reducing certification), participant professional quality of life (using the ProQOL scale), general examination practices (e.g., use of treats), perceptions and importance of examination factors (e.g., staff safety), and frequency of using 14 different dog handling techniques. Logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for the use of minimal and full-body restraint on fearful and aggressive dogs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants (<i>N</i> = 691) were veterinarians (39.2%, 271/691) and non-veterinarians (60.8%, 420/691), who routinely handle dogs during routine examinations in Canada (21.7%, 150/691) and the United States (79.1%, 541/691). Minimal restraint was reported to be used for calm (82.7%, 566/684), fearful (73.1%, 499/683), and aggressive (51.9%, 352/678) dogs during routine examinations. Full-body restraint was commonly reported to be used for calm dogs (58.5%, 400/684) and most frequently reported for fearful (63.9%, 434/679) and aggressive dogs (68.6%, 465/678). Handling decisions were influenced by factors including age, gender, practice type, graduation year, bite history, stress-reducing certification, and owner presence. Professionals prioritizing staff safety and using stress-reducing strategies (e.g., treats) were more likely to use minimal restraint, while owner presence and focus on examination completeness were linked to full-body restraint. Personality traits and professional well-being, particularly extraversion and secondary traumatic stress, also influenced handling choices.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Handling techniques vary with dog behavior and are shaped by numerous factors, highlighting the complex relationship between personal and clinic-level influences on veterinary staff interactions with dog patients. These findings generate hypotheses for future observational research exploring factors that support stress-reducing techniques to improve dog welfare in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1634970"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations on metabolic diseases of horses in Egypt.","authors":"Amal M Aboelmaaty, Ahmed M Ahdy, Sabry El-Khodery, Magdy Elgioushy","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1591090","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1591090","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Obesity is a significant risk factor that predisposes horses to laminitis, equine metabolic syndrome, arthritis, heart disease, and respiratory issues.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Mares showing overweight or laminitis (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 30), different BCS (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 90) weighing 350-550 Kg were subjected to clinical and rump fat assessments. Blood samples were collected to measure circulating estradiol, progesterone, cortisol, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and leptin. Additionally, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, nitric oxide (NO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione reduced, catalase, and serum amyloid A were measured. Statistical comparisons among mares were based on laminitis, hyperinsulinemia, overweight, the combination of hyperinsulinemia and overweight, and rump fat levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Laminitis was associated with lower glucose levels (4.83 ± 0.16 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 5.56 ± 0.52 mmol/L; &lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.002) and body weight (380.0 ± 10.95 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 447.6 ± 65.98 kg; &lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.02), as well as higher albumin (3.78 ± 0.01 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 3.11 ± 0.62 g/dL; &lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.015), catalase (193.64 ± 69.29 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 37.45 ± 7.57 U/mL; &lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.001), IGF-1 (29.35 ± 17.31 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 20.29 ± 6.48 ng/mL; &lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.043), and the glucose/insulin ratio (0.77 ± 0.68 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 0.44 ± 0.030; &lt;i&gt;p &gt;&lt;/i&gt; 0.05). Obesity (&gt;450 Kg) was associated with increased glucose levels (5.60 ± 0.54 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 5.15 ± 0.39 nmol/L; &lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.018) and reduced IGF-1 (16.44 ± 4.51 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 28.24 ± 3.90 ng/mL; &lt;i&gt;p &lt;&lt;/i&gt; 0.001), albumin (2.98 ± 0.67 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 3.46 ± 0.53 g/dL; &lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.041), albumin/globulin ratio (0.72 ± 0.07 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 0.98 ± 0.11; &lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.048), and glucose/insulin ratio (0.34 ± 0.14 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 0.71 ± 0.58; &lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.009). Hyperinsulinemia (&gt;20 μU/L) was associated with significant reduction in albumin (2.67 ± 0.59 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 3.56 ± 0.37 g/dL; &lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.0001), albumin/globulin ratio (0.57 ± 0.24 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 1.01 ± 0.32 g/dL; &lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.0001), catalase (17.23 ± 2.24 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 100.67 ± 30.99 U/mL; &lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.021), NO (19.23 ± 2.24 &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 21.35 ± 1.29 mmoL/mL; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002), glucose (5.44 ± 0.53 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 5.61 ± 0.38 mmol/L; &lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.038), and glucose/insulin ratio (0.18 ± 0.04 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 0.72 ± 0.41; &lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.0001). In contrast, globulin levels were significantly elevated (5.02 ± 1.02 &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 3.85 ± 1.10 g/dL; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0001). The combination of hyperinsulinemia and obesity was associated with significant decreases in (&lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.0001) albumin, albumin/globulin, and IGF-1, and increases in LDH, NO, globulins (&lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.006). Additionally, NO levels were significantly reduced in hyperinsulinemia mares with lower body weight (&lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.0001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Obesity, whether assessed by rump fat or overweight, is not always associated with hyperinsulinemia or with metabolic or endocrinologic abn","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1591090"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selenomethionine alleviates OTA-induced kidney injury in broilers by modulating ferroptosis.","authors":"Wenqi Tian, Ruiwen Fan, Shuqin Zhou, Tao Liu, Yongdong Wang, Yuhang Sun, Miao Long, Shuhua Yang, Peng Li","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1651205","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1651205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycotoxin contamination in food and feed poses a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide. OTA is a common mycotoxin. About 20-30% of global feed is contaminated with OTA, and the annual potential contamination amount exceeds 200 million tons, which has become a major problem of local feed safety. OTA shows strong nephrotoxicity and causes kidney damage in animals and humans. Growing evidence suggests that OTA-induced renal damage is closely associated with ferroptosis. Selenomethionine (SeMet), as the main chemical form of daily dietary selenium supplementation, has pharmacological properties such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-cancer, anti-viral and anti-bacterial, which can effectively inhibit the nephrotoxicity of OTA. This study aims to establish an OTA-induced broiler kidney injury model and implement selenium-containing methionine intervention. Utilizing transmission electron microscopy, qRT-PCR, and immunoblotting techniques, the research will analyze pathological changes in broiler kidneys, examine ultrastructural alterations, and evaluate gene/protein expressions of renal function indicators, ferroptosis biomarkers, inflammatory-related parameters, and Nrf2-GPX4 signaling pathway components. This study aimed to investigate whether SeMet alleviates OTA-induced kidney injury in broilers by regulating ferroptosis and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that OTA caused renal histopathological alterations, elevated serum concentrations of urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), uric acid (UA), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). OTA also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and ferrous ion (Fe²⁺) levels while reducing total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Additionally, OTA upregulated mRNA and protein levels of transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) and kelch like ech-associated protein 1 (Keap1), while downregulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), thereby inducing lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. By reversing the above changes induced by OTA, SeMet alleviated OTA-induced renal injury and inhibited OTA-induced lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. These findings indicate that SeMet alleviates OTA-induced renal injury by inhibiting ferroptosis, suggesting that SeMet can be used as a feed additive in mycotoxin-contaminated environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1651205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal flora and serum metabolomic elucidation of <i>Astragali Radix</i> water decoction intervention in subclinical bovine mastitis.","authors":"Jianpeng Yan, Ke Zhou, Ting Ma, Peng Ji, Yanming Wei","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1611467","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1611467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study addresses the global challenge of subclinical bovine mastitis (SCBM) in dairy cows, a prevalent disease causing substantial economic losses, by investigating the mechanistic basis of <i>Astragali Radix</i>, a traditional herbal remedy with empirically validated efficacy but incompletely understood modes of action.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Initially, the active components of <i>Astragali Radix</i> were identified using LC-MS/MS. Dose-response trials were conducted in Holstein cows (<i>n</i> = 24 SCBM cases; <i>n</i> = 6 healthy controls), along with multi-omics integration, including 16S rRNA sequencing for rumen/feces microbiota and UHPLC-MS metabolomics for serum analysis. The therapeutic effects of Astragali Radix water decoction (ARWD) on milk production, inflammatory markers, immune parameters, and oxidative stress were systematically evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ARWD administration dose-dependently improved milk yield and protein content while reducing somatic cell counts. Serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) decreased, contrasting with increases in immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity. Microbiota restructuring featured ruminal enrichment of Bifidobacterium and fecal dominance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, coupled with suppression of pro-inflammatory taxa (e.g., Christensenellaceae_R-7_group). Metabolomic analysis identified four ARWD-responsive biomarkers, notably Spirotaccagenin and Pelanin, operating through linoleic acid metabolism and phospholipase D signaling pathways. Strong correlations linked microbial shifts to improved lactation parameters and reduced inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings establish that ARWD alleviates SCBM through coordinated microbiota remodeling and metabolic reprogramming, specifically enhancing antioxidant defenses, restoring mammary barrier integrity, and modulating immune-inflammation crosstalk, with optimal efficacy at 0.4 g·kg^-1·d^-1 dosage. This mechanistic validation positions ARWD as a scientifically grounded, eco-friendly alternative for sustainable mastitis management, reconciling therapeutic effectiveness with agricultural economic priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1611467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12401474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-evaluator bias and applicability of feline body condition score from visual assessment.","authors":"Emily C Graff, Christopher R Lea, Diane Delmain, Erin D Chamorro, Xiaolei Ma, Jingyi Zheng, Yue Zhang, Emily Brinker, Kenzii Kittell, Mackenzie Hicks, Casey Pfister, Heather Hamilton, Qinghong Li, Douglas R Martin, Xu Wang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1604557","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1604557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Body Condition Score (BCS) is an effective tool for assessing body weight and fat mass, as well as diagnosing obesity and abnormal weight loss. A method for visual assessment of BCS in cats would be useful to expand access for feline health and research. The goal of this study is to determine whether BCS can be accurately assessed solely from photographs of cats, and to measure inter-evaluator bias in visually assessed BCS. To do this, a set of online-sourced cat images was administered as a quiz to nine evaluators. Inter-evaluator bias was relatively low (mean ± SE = 0.35 ± 0.03) with ~50% complete agreement. To validate the results, a BCS was clinically assessed during routine wellness exams for 38 cats, enrolled, through palpation by one evaluator and visual assessment by all nine evaluators using photographs collected at the exam. The visual assessment of BCS deviated from the clinically assessed BCS by 0.61 ± 0.04, which was slightly higher than the deviation observed in the online-sourced image set. In both scenarios, the majority voting among all evaluators achieved the highest accuracy, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing evaluator bias. Inter-evaluator bias caused a 15.5% misclassification between ideal and overweight BCS but 1.8% between ideal and obese, indicating minimal bias in diagnosing feline obesity. The ability to accurately assess BCS through photographic evaluation will enhance remote consultations in telemedicine and support large-scale epidemiological studies. This study has developed a method for evaluating and minimizing inter-evaluator bias in BCS assessments across diverse practitioners and settings, thereby improving consistency and comparability and improving our understanding and application of BCS as a tool for feline health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1604557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road transportation is associated with decreased intestinal motility in horses.","authors":"Sharanne L Raidal, Francesca Freccero, Ann Carstens, Sarah Weaver, Barbara Padalino","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1647236","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1647236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transportation of horses has been associated with colic and changes to the gastrointestinal microbiome. Percutaneous abdominal ultrasonography using wireless, point-of-care transducers can be used to assess gastrointestinal motility in field settings.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Characterization of intestinal motility and salivary cortisol responses of horses completing commercial transportation of 10-12h.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective observational study of 30 horses with diverse signalment and transport histories. Clinical parameters, sonographic assessment of intestinal motility and saliva samples, were collected before departure (Tpre or T0), after off-loading (T1) and 2h after arrival (T2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After transportation, intestinal motility grades were reduced [Tpre median (IQR) composite motility grade: 8 (7-10), T1: 6 (4-7), T2: 7 (6-7); <i>p</i> < 0.001] and qualitative changes were observed in small intestinal sonographic appearance. High ambient temperatures during transport were associated with reduced intestinal motility at T1 (composite motility grade vs arrival temperature <i>r</i> _s -0.45, <i>p</i> = 0.017) and T2 (cecal motility grade vs arrival temperature <i>r</i> _s -0.74, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Horses with high heart rates, high sweat scores or abnormal demeanour on arrival demonstrated decreased intestinal motility. Salivary cortisol concentrations increased after transportation (mean difference, 95% CI, for T0 vs T1 was 1.66, 1.09-2.53 nmol/L) and were inversely associated with intestinal motility. Signalment and past travel history were not predictive of intestinal motility, but horses with unknown or no prior travel history (mean 12.8, 95%CI 8.2-17.4 nmol/L) had higher cortisol concentrations prior to departure than horses known to have travelled previously (7.9, 5.8-9.9 nmol/L, <i>p</i> = 0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that transportation is associated with transient reductions in intestinal motility, particularly during hot ambient conditions and in horses with increased cortisol response. Possible effects of provision of water and food during transport warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1647236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12401009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Association between radiographic equine distal phalanx characteristics and absence, presence and type of horseshoes.","authors":"Lisa Henrietta Ennsmann, Theresia Franziska Licka","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1675356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1675356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1598038.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1675356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) Inner Mongolia strain: whole-genome characterization and viral particle packaging.","authors":"Pei Zhang, Yu Wang, Xujie Duan, Sixu Chen, Xiaoyue Du, Anyu Bao, XinQi Ma, Yufei Zhang, Shuying Liu","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1608822","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1608822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a contagious lung tumor caused by the exogenous Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (exJSRV). Analysing the genome of the pathogen is crucial for developing OPA prevention and control measures. Due to the absence of exogenous genomic JSRV-related information in Inner Mongolia, we aimed to establish a specific technique for exJSRV genomic amplification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Target virions were purified using U3 hn-PCR (hemi-nested PCR) combined with density gradient centrifugation. Specific reverse transcription primers were designed using the low-identity region of the internal and external genome, combined with long fragment PCR and 3'RACE technology, and the full-length genome of exogenous JSRV from Inner Mongolia was successfully obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exogenous molecular characteristics were found in the long terminal repeat(LTR)-U3 region, gag-variable region 1/2(VR1/VR2) and env-VR3, and was 98.8% identical to the Chinese JSRV-C1, which was significantly higher than that of foreign isolates (93.05-95.84%) and enogenous Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (enJSRV) (88.73-92.26%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that NMJS12 and exogenous JSRV-C1 were located in the same evolutionary clade. Accordingly, the whole genome eukaryotic expression plasmid was successfully constructed and viral particle packaging was achieved in 293T cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Altogether, this study represents the first elucidation of the complete genome of exogenous JSRV in Inner Mongolia, China and provides a critical material foundation for antiviral target screening and research on OPA pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1608822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadmium induced ferroptosis and inflammation in sheep via targeting ACSL4/NF-κB axis.","authors":"Zimeng Ma, Shuo Yan, Huimin Zhang, Ruilin Du, Xinyue Cheng, Siqin Bao, Xihe Li, Yongli Song","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1617190","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1617190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cadmium, a major environmental contaminant, induces progressive intestinal damage through bioaccumulation <i>in vivo</i>. Elucidating its pathogenic mechanisms is crucial for developing therapeutic interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed multi-omics approaches to systematically investigated cadmium-induced ileal dysfunction in Hu sheep and the intervention mechanisms of sodium octanoate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phenotypic assessment revealed cadmium exposure caused intestinal barrier impairment and histopathological changes. Integrated transcriptomic-proteomic analysis revealed cadmium disrupted mitochondrial dysfunction via oxidative phosphorylation pathway inhibition. Leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) overaccumulation. This ROS surge activated ferroptosis, which exacerbated inflammatory responses through NF-κB signaling. Cross-omics correlation analysis identified ferroptosis-related proteins as key regulators of the NF-κB inflammatory axis, suggesting ferroptosis modulation as a potential therapeutic strategy. Notably, sodium octanoate exhibited potent anti-inflammatory effects through specific binding to ACSL4, a critical ferroptosis regulatory protein, this interaction ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammation cascades while demonstrating therapeutic potential for cadmium-induced inflammation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings establish the ACSL4/NF-κB axis as a central mechanism in cadmium-induced pathology, highlighting sodium octanoate as a potential therapeutic intervention for pollutant-induced intestinal disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1617190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing laying hen diets: effect of partial maize meal replacement with wheat bran or biscuits crumbs and <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940.","authors":"Albertina Felizardo Manteiga, Abilio Paulo Changule, Dercia Hilario Magaia, Nilza Jorge Manjate, Florentina Domingos Chilala, Leonel António Joaquim, Eunice Justino Chivale, Filomena Dos Anjos, Otilia Henrique Tamele Tomo, Manuel Garcia-Herreros, Custodio Bila","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1557640","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1557640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wheat bran (WB) and biscuit crumbs (BC) offer alternative feed sources for laying hens, potentially improving productivity and economic efficiency.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This work evaluated the partial replacement of maize meal with WB or BC, with or without the addition of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940, on the productive and economic performance of laying hens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five treatments were allocated as follows: T1: a basal diet; T2: a basal diet where 20% of maize meal was replaced by WB; T3: a basal diet that included 20% of WB plus <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940; T4: a basal diet where 20% of maize meal was replaced by BC; and T5: a basal diet that included 20% of BC plus <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940. Productive parameters (live weight, laying rate, feed conversion per egg mass, feed conversion per dozen eggs, feed consumption, and viability) and economic metrics (feed costs, production cost per egg, production cost per dozen eggs, gross revenue, gross added value, profitability index, contribution margins, and break-even point) were assessed using ANOVA and the Tukey test.</p><p><strong>Main findings: </strong>A statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase was observed in the LR and FC/dz when maize meal was partially replaced with BC. While the addition of <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940 to WB significantly improved LR and FC/dz when compared to T2 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), no significant difference was seen for BC (<i>p</i> > 0.05). As for the economic evaluation, both T2 and T3 significantly reduced production costs (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Compared to T1, the partial replacement of maize meal with WB significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) gross revenue. The addition of <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940 significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) gross value added, profitability index, and contribution margins, and significantly reduced the break-even point (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in comparison with T1 for WB and BC both with (T3 and T5) and without <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940 (T2 and T4).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was concluded that the addition of <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> CECT 5940 to both WB and BC diets was as efficient as the basal diet in terms of productivity and improved economic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1557640"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}