Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Identification of multiple novel viruses in bar-headed goose feces from Tibet of China.","authors":"Yijie Sun, Yan Wang, Li Ji, Yifei Pei, Xiaoyi Sun, Likai Ji, Quan Shen, Xiaochun Wang, Yuwei Liu, Shixing Yang, Wen Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1485631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1485631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The bar-headed goose is a typical high-altitude bird that primarily inhabits alpine lakes and wetlands in Central Asia, with a remarkable ability to adapt to high elevations. Previous studies have shown that they can be infected with parasites such as Cryptosporidium spp. At present, there were few reports on its infection with the virus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we utilized viral metagenomics to conduct a detailed analysis of the viral components in the fecal samples of bar-headed geese (<i>Anser indicus</i>) from the Tibet region of China.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple novel viruses were identified including four novel astroviruses, four novel caliciviruses, ten novel circoviruses, and nineteen novel parvoviruses. Among them, four astroviruses shared the highest amino acid sequence identities of 63.45-99.47% with different avastrovirus strains. Four caliciviruses and ten circoviruses were identified as unclassified caliciviruses and unclassified circoviruses, separately. Nineteen parvoviruses clustering into four groups maybe four different novel species of the genus <i>Chaphamaparvovirus</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These newly discovered viruses have potential implications for the health of avian species, particularly bar-headed geese. This study not only helps us understand the health status of bar-headed geese, but also offers crucial genomic information for future disease prevention and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11497458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of tracheal diameter in non-brachycephalic versus brachycephalic dogs using manubrium and thoracic inlet tracheal indexes.","authors":"Ayman A Mostafa, Kaitlyn McCutcheon, Clifford R Berry","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1454930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1454930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Narrowed tracheal lumen diameter (TLD) in dogs caused by congenital hypoplasia or acquired tracheal stenosis can result in adverse health effects. Standardized tracheal scores calculated from radiographic measurements have been used to assess tracheal diameter however comparisons have not been made to characterize differences in tracheal lumen among breeds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The main objective of this study was to compare tracheal scores at three regions of the trachea among non-brachycephalic dogs, non-bulldog brachycephalic dogs, and bulldogs. Medical records and thoracic radiographs of clinically normal dogs were reviewed. The TLDs 79 of three different tracheal regions (caudal cervical, thoracic inlet, and intrathoracic) were standardized by the manubrium length (ML) and thoracic inlet distance (Ti-D) to calculate the manubrium and thoracic inlet tracheal indexes (M-TI and Ti-TI) at each region. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the differences in tracheal scores among the three breed populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, M-TI and Ti-TI varied significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) at the three tracheal levels among the three breed populations. Bulldogs and non-bulldog brachycephalic breeds possessed lower (<i>p</i> < 0.016) M-TI and Ti-TI than non-brachycephalic breeds at the three tracheal regions, and bulldogs possessed the lowest M-TI and Ti-TI scores at all measured regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Averaged M-TIs <0.38, <0.34, <0.32 in non-brachycephalic, non-bulldog brachycephalic, and bulldog breeds, respectively, may indicate tracheal hypoplasia. Utilizing M-TI can be recommended for the assessment of canine TLD however further investigation in dogs with concurrent respiratory diseases is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the regulatory mechanisms of Guiqi Yimu Powder on dairy cow fatty liver cells using a multi-omics approach.","authors":"Chenlei Li, Feifei Wang, Yanfen Ma, Wenjia Wang, Yansheng Guo","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1475564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1475564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fatty liver disease in dairy cows is a metabolic disorder that significantly affects their health and productivity, imposing a notable economic burden on the global dairy industry. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), characterized by its multi-component and multi-target features, has shown unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Guiqi Yimu Powder, a traditional TCM formula, enhances growth, boosts production efficiency, and strengthens immune function in livestock by regulating antioxidant along with anti-inflammatory pathways. However, its specific regulatory mechanisms on fatty liver in dairy cows remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the molecular-level effects and potential regulatory mechanisms of Guiqi Yimu Powder in a Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) induced fatty liver cell model of dairy cows.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed a comprehensive analysis integrating transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and network pharmacology. An <i>in vitro</i> dairy cow fatty liver cell model was established using TMAO to induce lipid accumulation. Cells were treated with the optimal TMAO concentration identified through preliminary experiments, and further divided into a lipid accumulation group and Guiqi Yimu Powder treatment groups. The treatment groups received varying concentrations of Guiqi Yimu Powder (10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 g/L). High-throughput omics sequencing technologies were utilized to perform a comprehensive analysis of the treated cells. Bioinformatics methods were applied to explore the regulatory effects, aiming to elucidate the specific impacts of Guiqi Yimu Powder on lipid metabolism, liver function, and related signaling pathways, thereby providing scientific evidence for its potential application in the prevention and treatment of fatty liver in dairy cows.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Guiqi Yimu Powder treatment significantly affected 1,536 genes, 152 proteins, and 259 metabolites. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the significantly altered molecules are involved in multiple pathways related to the pathology of fatty liver, including metabolic pathways, glutathione metabolism, hepatitis B, and AMPK signaling pathway (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Notably, joint analysis highlighted the regulatory mechanisms of Guiqi Yimu Powder on glutathione cycling, with L-5-Oxoproline identified as an important metabolic compound. These findings indicate its impact on oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and liver function, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for fatty liver in dairy cows.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study elucidated the regulatory mechanisms of Guiqi Yimu Powder on fatty liver cells in dairy cows, providing new scientific evidence for its potential application in the prevention and treatment of fatty liver disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11497463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebrospinal fluid L-lactate as a diagnostic marker for infectious-inflammatory disorders in the central nervous system of cattle.","authors":"Sara Ferrini, Giulia Cagnotti, Ugo Ala, Eleonora Avilii, Claudio Bellino, Elena Biasibetti, Giuliano Borriello, Cristiano Corona, Giorgia Di Muro, Giulia Iamone, Barbara Iulini, Marzia Pezzolato, Elena Bozzetta, Antonio D'Angelo","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1466920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1466920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bacterial infection of the central nervous system (CNS) poses a clinical challenge and is a leading cause of neurological disorders in cattle. Human studies have demonstrated an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) L-lactate levels in bacterial meningitis. The aims of this study were to establish a Reference Interval (RI) for L-lactate in bovine CSF and assess its potential as a biomarker for detecting infectious-inflammatory disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CSF L-lactate was measured in the field using a commercially available lactate monitor. The RI for CSF L-lactate was calculated on healthy animals; univariate and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to disclose an association between CSF L-lactate levels and interpretation of CSF in sick animals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven healthy cattle and 86 sick cattle with either CNS infectious-inflammatory disorders (47/86) or CNS disorders of other etiology (39/86) were included in this prospective study. The RI for CSF L-lactate was 1.1-2.4 mmol/L. The concentration was higher in the cattle with neutrophilic pleocytosis and the area under the ROC curve was 0.92 compared to other animals. Based on a cut-off of 3.15 mmol/L, CSF L-lactate had diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for neutrophilic pleocytosis of 93 and 80%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This is the first study to determine a RI for CSF L-lactate in cattle. Elevated CSF L-lactate levels indicated neutrophilic pleocytosis, which is often manifested in acute bacterial infection. The present findings may aid in diagnosis and correct use of antimicrobial drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonography for non-invasive sex identification and reproductive assessment in Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>).","authors":"Piyathip Setthawong, Matepiya Khemthong, Tuchakorn Lertwanakarn, Win Surachetpong","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1467158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1467158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sex identification and the selection of monosex male tilapia are crucial for tilapia aquaculture. In this study, we evaluated the application of ultrasonography as an alternative procedure for sex identification and reproductive assessment in Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>). Ultrasonography was performed on 23 fish weighing 232-1,281 g to capture longitudinal and transverse images of the ovaries and testes. Female tilapia were identified by the presence of numerous small egg granules and gray or light gray ovarian tissue and male tilapia by the homogeneous echogenicity and uniform gray tubular appearance of the testes. These distinct echogenic patterns allowed for accurate differentiation between the female and male fish. Ultrasonography achieved a 95% accuracy in sex identification, with minimal stress to the fish during the procedure, compared to manual sex sorting, which demonstrated an accuracy of 87%. Furthermore, the method facilitated the assessment of the reproductive status of the fish, including the maturation stages and fecundity potential. The use of ultrasonography offers significant advantages over traditional methods, such as animal welfare enhancements and improved breeding program efficiency. Our findings support the integration of ultrasonography into aquaculture practices and will promote sustainable and humane fish farming while optimizing reproductive management and productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11497460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The positive impact of daily well-being practices on individual veterinary professionals' professional quality of life self-assessment scores within an emergency and specialty hospital.","authors":"Ames J Alwood, DIana A Ferrentino, Sonja A Olson, Veronyca I Rodriguez","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1381090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1381090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Our study set out to identify the benefits for veterinary workers of structured daily well-being practices on compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. Suggested origins of high rates of psychological stress and burnout are significant occupational concerns for veterinary workers. Many professional helpers experience an extreme state of tension and preoccupation from exposure to the suffering of those being helped. Veterinary workers are further impacted by negative associations and moral distress experienced due to limitations in the provision of quality medical care for veterinary patients. These negative experiences exist despite veterinary professionals' work being worthwhile and highly valued.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized controlled study was performed over 6 months. Volunteer participants were members of a team of veterinary workers at a 24-h emergency and specialty hospital. Study participants were asked to incorporate daily well-being practice(s) into existing routines whereas control participants were not. Measures of well-being and the negative impacts of serving as veterinary helpers were assessed by having participants complete the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) self-assessment at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months. Composite scores for compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline ProQOL scores were similar between study participants and controls. Baseline compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout scores (BS), and secondary traumatic stress (STS) scores for those instituting well-being practices were 37.6 (+/- 3.6), 26 (+/- 5.3), and 26.6 (+/- 5.2). Study participants had higher compassion satisfaction scores at 6 months with mean CS scores (<i>n</i> = 15) of 40.1 (+/- 6.8) and adjusted scores that were on average 3.0 (95% CI 0-6.1) higher than the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.048). Significant differences in BS or STS scores were not seen.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Improvements were seen in CS but not BO/STS for those caregivers who implemented well-being practices into their daily routines. Factors that likely contributed to successful implementation of well-being practices include educational resources, supportive leadership, accessibility, and consistent acknowledgement and positive rewards. Proposed supportive elements and resources for maintenance of well-being practices within a team of veterinary workers include provision of a psychologically safe community and team support (including formal or informal \"buddy systems\").</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prior <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> infection protects against <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> induced hepatic fibrosis.","authors":"Asmaa M El-Kady, Sarah A Altwaim, Majed H Wakid, Alaa S Banjar, Khalil Mohammed, Mashael S Alfaifi, Hayam Elshazly, Wafa Abdullah I Al-Megrin, Eman Abdullah Alshehri, Eman Sayed, Hatem A Elshabrawy","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1443267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1443267","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Schistosomiasis affects approximately 250 million people worldwide, with 200,000 deaths annually. It has been documented that the granulomatous response to &lt;i&gt;Schistosoma mansoni&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;S. mansoni&lt;/i&gt;) oviposition is the root cause of progressive liver fibrosis in chronic infection, in 20% of the patients, and can lead to liver cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. The influence of helminths coinfection on schistosomiasis-induced liver pathological alterations remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of &lt;i&gt;Trichinella spiralis&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;T. spiralis&lt;/i&gt;) infection on &lt;i&gt;S. mansoni&lt;/i&gt;-induced hepatic fibrosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Thirty adult male Balb-c mice were divided into three groups. Group 1 was left uninfected; group 2 was infected with &lt;i&gt;S. mansoni&lt;/i&gt; cercariae and group 3 was orally infected with &lt;i&gt;T. spiralis&lt;/i&gt; larvae, then 28 days later, this group was infected with &lt;i&gt;S. mansoni&lt;/i&gt; cercariae. All groups were sacrificed at the end of the 8&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; week post infection with &lt;i&gt;S. mansoni to evaluate&lt;/i&gt; the effect of pre-infection with &lt;i&gt;T. spiralis&lt;/i&gt; on &lt;i&gt;S. mansoni&lt;/i&gt; induced liver fibrosis was evaluated parasitologically (worm burden and egg count in tissues), biochemically (levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), histopathologically (H&E and MT staining, and immunohistochemical staining for the expression of α-SMA, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-23, TNF-α, and TGF-β).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results in the present study demonstrated marked protective effect of &lt;i&gt;T. spiralis&lt;/i&gt; against &lt;i&gt;S. mansoni&lt;/i&gt; induced liver pathology. We demonstrated that pre-infection with &lt;i&gt;T. spirais&lt;/i&gt; caused marked reduction in the number of &lt;i&gt;S. mansoni&lt;/i&gt; adult worms (3.17 ± 0.98 vs. 18 ± 2.16, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.114) and egg count in both the intestine (207.2 ± 64.3 vs. 8,619.43 ± 727.52, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009) and liver tissues (279 ± 87.2 vs. 7,916.86 ± 771.34; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.014). Consistently, we found significant reductions in both number (3.4 ± 1.1 vs. 11.8.3 ± 1.22; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.007) and size (84 ± 11 vs. 294.3 ± 16.22; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001) of the hepatic granulomas in mice pre-infected with &lt;i&gt;T. spiralis&lt;/i&gt; larvae compared to those infected with only &lt;i&gt;S. mansoni&lt;/i&gt;. Furthermore, pre- infection with &lt;i&gt;T. spiralis&lt;/i&gt; markedly reduced &lt;i&gt;S. mansoni&lt;/i&gt;- induced hepatic fibrosis, as evidenced by decreased collagen deposition, low expression of α-SMA, and significantly reduced levels of IL-17, IL-1B, IL-6, TGF-B, IL-23, and TNF-α compared to mice infected with &lt;i&gt;S. mansoni&lt;/i&gt; only.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Our data show that pre-infection with &lt;i&gt;T. spiralis&lt;/i&gt; effectively protected mice from severe schistosomiasis and liver fibrosis. We believe that our findings support the potential utility of helminths for the preventing and ameliorating severe pathological alterations induced by schistosomiasis.&lt;/p","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for antimicrobial-resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i> in dogs: a systematic review.","authors":"Esa Karalliu, Kai Yeung Chung, Brett MacKinnon, Belete Haile, Pawel M Beczkowski, Vanessa R Barrs, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Omid Nekouei","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1447707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1447707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identifying risk factors associated with the carriage of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in dogs is crucial to understanding their epidemiology and for developing and refining targeted control measures. However, relevant data is scattered and conflicting findings have been reported. This systematic review aimed to compile risk factors associated with the carriage of AMR-<i>Enterobacterales</i> in dogs worldwide and to identify relevant knowledge gaps for directing future research. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, searching PubMed, CABi, and Scopus databases for studies reporting risk factors for acquiring AMR-<i>Enterobacterales</i> in dogs. After screening peer-reviewed, English-language studies by title/abstract, eligible studies were subjected to a full-text assessment, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessment, and qualitative synthesis. In the initial search, 774 articles were identified, including 274 duplicates. After screening by title/abstract, 77 articles were subjected to full-text review, from which 40 were eventually selected for data extraction, including 29 cross-sectional, six cohort, and five case-control studies. The most frequently investigated risk factors for AMR-<i>Enterobacterales</i> carriage in dogs were antimicrobial use (28 of 40), age (24), sex (22), hospitalization (19), and feeding raw diet (14). Of these, antimicrobial use was the most common risk factor significantly associated with AMR-<i>Enterobacterales</i> (19/28), followed by raw diet (9/14) and hospitalization (8/19). Our synthesis emphasized the importance of increasing awareness regarding the prudent use of critically important antimicrobials (CIAs), such as fluoroquinolones, in companion animal practices, strengthening infection prevention and control procedures in veterinary clinics and hospitals and educating caregivers about the potential risks of feeding raw diets in order to reduce the burden of AMR-bacteria in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11493919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational quinidine dosage regimen for atrial fibrillation in Thoroughbred racehorses based on population pharmacokinetics.","authors":"Taisuke Kuroda, Yohei Minamijima, Christopher Ken Kinman, Yuji Takahashi, Yusaku Ebisuda, Kaori Inoue, Hiroshi Ishikawa, Hiroshi Mita, Norihisa Tamura, Toshio Nukada, Pierre-Louis Toutain, Minoru Ohta","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1454342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1454342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Quinidine (QND) sulfate is an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF) in horses, and several dosage regimens have been proposed to address its wide variability in response and potential adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to analyze the variability in plasma quinidine concentrations using population pharmacokinetics to determine an effective and safe dosage regimen for Thoroughbred horses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six healthy Thoroughbred horses were treated with 20 mg/kg quinidine sulfate dihydrate (16.58 mg/kg QND base) administered PO or 5 mg/kg quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate (4.28 mg/kg QND base) administered IV (single administration), and blood samples were taken regularly. Four healthy horses were treated with 20 mg/kg quinidine sulfate dihydrate administered twice (every 6 h) via PO route. For the other 19 Thoroughbred racehorses that developed AF, blood samples were taken during quinidine therapy. Quinidine concentrations were measured in all plasma samples using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and the data from 29 horses were modeled using a nonlinear mixed-effects model, followed by Monte Carlo simulations (MCS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median quinidine concentration for successful sinus rhythm conversion was 2.0 μg/mL (range: 0.5-2.7 μg/mL) in AF horses, while a median concentration of 3.8 μg/mL (range: 1.6-5.1 μg/mL) showed adverse effects. MCS predicted that plasma quinidine concentrations for quinidine sulfate dihydrate PO administration (loading dose: 30 mg/kg, maintenance dose: 6.5 mg/kg q 2 h) reached 1.4, 2.0 and 2.7 μg/mL in 90, 50 and 10% of the horse populations, respectively. Increasing the loading dose to 45 mg/kg and the maintenance dose to 9 mg/kg q 2 h, the plasma concentrations achieved were 1.9, 2.8, and 3.8 μg/mL in 90, 50, and 10% of horse populations, respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Using simulations, different empirical dosing regimens were proposed to achieve plasma quinidine concentrations immediately or progressively, representing a tradeoff between optimizing therapeutic effects and minimizing adverse effects. A combination of these dosing regimens is recommended to gradually increase the therapeutic concentration levels of quinidine for safe and effective treatment of AF in racehorses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11493839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Müllerian hormone as a diagnostic marker for testicular degeneration in dogs: insights from cryptorchid models.","authors":"Florin Petrișor Posastiuc, Guilherme Rizzoto, Nicolae Tiberiu Constantin, George Nicolae, Koen Chiers, Alexandru Ilie Diaconescu, Andreea Iren Șerban, Ann Van Soom, Mario Darius Codreanu","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1481248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1481248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The increasing prevalence of infertility in male dogs in clinical practice mirrors current trends seen in human medicine. Acquired infertility is notably more common in dogs compared to congenital causes, with conditions such as testicular degeneration leading to irreversible loss of fertility. Current diagnostic methods for testicular degeneration, such as histopathological and cytological examinations, rely on testicular biopsy or fine needle aspiration, making them less feasible for routine use. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), produced by Sertoli cells, has emerged as a potential alternative biomarker for testicular health, which can be measured in serum. This study evaluates AMH as a potential marker for testicular degeneration, using cryptorchid dogs as models for impaired fertility and altered testicular histology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The relationship between serum AMH levels and AMH tissue expression with impaired spermatogenesis and altered histology was investigated. Serum AMH levels were determined in intact, cryptorchid, and castrated individuals using an immuno-enzymatic ELISA kit and compared between subgroups based on testicular location. Tissue AMH immuno-expression was differentially quantified in two regions of interest (ROIs), the interstitial space and the seminiferous tubule, in both descended and retained gonads. Furthermore, testicles were analyzed using histomorphometric analysis in seminiferous tubules, while spermatogenesis was evaluated using the Johnsen score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum AMH levels were positively correlated with AMH expression assessed in both interstitial space (<i>ρ</i> = 0.494, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) and seminiferous tubules (<i>ρ</i> = 0.610, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). Conversely, serum AMH levels showed a negative correlation with the seminiferous tubule area (<i>ρ</i> = -0.435, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Smaller seminiferous tubule areas were linked to increased AMH reactivity in both seminiferous tubules (<i>ρ</i> = -0.774, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) and interstitial space (<i>ρ</i> = -0.725, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). Additionally, lower Johnsen scores were associated with higher serum AMH levels (<i>ρ</i> = -0.537, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) and elevated AMH expression in both seminiferous tubules (<i>ρ</i> = -0.756, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) and interstitial space (<i>ρ</i> = -0.679, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our results suggest that higher serum levels and tissue expression of AMH are linked to smaller seminiferous tubules and poorer Johnsen scores, reflecting degenerative changes and Sertoli cell dysfunction in retained testicles. Given the similarities in the mechanisms that increase AMH levels in both cryptorchid and non-cryptorchid testicles affected by testicular degeneration, this study recommends using AMH as a marker for diagnosing testicular degeneration in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11493918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}