Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Fibrolytic capacity of the gut microbiome in captive African elephants (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>): a pilot study.","authors":"Barbara U Metzler-Zebeli, Folko Balfanz, Fritz Vollrath","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1933152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1933152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African elephants (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) depend on the fibrolytic capacity of their gut microbiome (GMB) to efficiently utilize fibrous plant material. However, knowledge is missing on the temporal stability and functional dynamics (especially fibrolytic capacity) of their GMB. Likewise, information on the associated volatile fatty acids (VFA) production in the elephant's hindgut is scarce. In this pilot study, we collected feces from five captive African elephants on two occasions separated by 12 months to explore the GMB composition and its changes over time. We characterized the GMB's fibrolytic potential based on total microbial numbers and metagenome composition, including carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy), and fecal VFA, at individual and group level. Elephants received a roughage-based diet, which contained more carrots at the second than at the first sampling. Bacteria, specifically fibrolytic <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Ruminococcus</i> and <i>Fibrobacter</i> dominated the GMB, while archaea, fungi and protozoa were less present. <i>Treponema</i> was highly abundant, which might be an adaptation to maximize energy gain from cellulose-rich food. The elephants showed individual shifts in GMB composition from the first to second sampling. The shift in functional gene composition from the first to the second sampling was similar among elephants. It showed distinct clustering of CAZy families between fecal collections and discriminated features related to breakdown of carrot pectin for the second sampling. Sparse partial least squares-discriminant analysis identified (hemi-)cellulolytic genera within <i>Prevotellaceae</i> as discriminant taxa, which positively associated with CAZy families but negatively with VFA. At group level, fecal VFA concentrations were similar among elephants. However, opposite shifts from the first to the second sampling were detected among elephants at individual level. It may be speculated whether feeding decisions of three related females might explain the increase of VFA in their feces at the second compared to the first sampling, whereas VFA were lower in feces of the non-related female at the second sampling. We assert that this pilot study on GMB taxonomy and carbohydrate breakdown in captive African elephants may be helpful for feeding management at zoological gardens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1933152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Epitheliotropic cutaneous presentation of multicentric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a dog.","authors":"Gyu-Hyun Kim, Byung-Gee Ko, Se-Hoon Kim, Kyoung-Won Seo, Hwa-Young Youn, Min-Ok Ryu","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1949754","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1949754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common histological subtype of canine multicentric lymphoma, whereas epitheliotropism is classically associated with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. A 9-year-old neutered male Chihuahua was diagnosed with stage IVb multicentric lymphoma and achieved complete remission with a UW-25 L-CHOP protocol. However, an upper lip mass, cytologically consistent with lymphoma, developed during remission. Electrochemotherapy was performed for local control and resulted in marked reduction of the lesion. The dog later developed recurrent peripheral lymphadenopathy and multiple progressive cutaneous masses despite various chemotherapy protocols and was euthanized at week 59 because of progressive clinical deterioration. Histopathology confirmed diffuse large cell lymphoma in the submandibular lymph node, whereas the cutaneous lesions showed neoplastic lymphoid infiltration with multifocal epidermal invasion, mimicking epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed diffuse CD20 expression in both sites, with CD3 labeling limited to scattered background lymphocytes. These findings supported the interpretation of secondary cutaneous involvement of DLBCL with a highly unusual epitheliotropic pattern and emphasize the importance of IHC for accurate immunophenotypic classification of cutaneous lymphoma lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1949754"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of feeding probiotic and exogenous buffer on growth performance, nutrient utilization, blood biochemistry, rumen fermentation pattern and carcass characteristics of crossbred lambs reared under feedlot.","authors":"Qazi Shehriyar Sahib, Haidar Ali Ahmed, Ifla Aafaq, Javid Farooq, Tahir Nazir, Zubair Ahmad Akhoon","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1964601","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1964601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Feedlot nutrition is formulated to maximize growth rate and feed efficiency for high-quality meat production; however, high-grain diets can disrupt rumen function and cause digestive disorders, the inclusion of non-nutritive feed additives helps counter these effects, thereby enhancing growth performance and overall feed efficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study was carried out to delineate the effect of feeding <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> strain 1,026 as probiotic and sodium bicarbonate as exogenous buffer on performance of feedlot crossbred lambs. Fifteen crossbred lambs were selected and divided equally into three treatment groups <i>viz</i>., FT, FT-P and FT-SB. In FT group, animals were fed feedlot diet only; while in FT-P and FT-SB groups, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and sodium bicarbonate were offered as feed additives, respectively. A 74-days feeding trial was conducted, including 10-days metabolism trial at the end.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No effect (<i>p</i> > 0.05) was observed in dry matter intake (DMI), body weight indices, feed conversion ratio (FCR), digestibility coefficients of nutrients and haemato-biochemical parameters. Rumen pH was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher in FT-P group than FT group. Dressing percentage showed significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher values in FT-P group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present experiment validates that feeding of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> had more beneficial effect than sodium bicarbonate feeding on the performance of feedlot lambs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1964601"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt for management of syringomyelia and Chiari-like malformation in a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.","authors":"Ana Fernandez Cid, Joana Tabanez, Carina Black, Clare Rusbridge","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1946635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1946635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 1-year-old male Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) was presented with spinal hyperesthesia, reluctance to exercise, and phantom scratching. MRI revealed a Chiari-like malformation (CM) with brachycephaly, cerebellar herniation, ventriculomegaly, and syringomyelia extending from the odontoid peg to L5, with a maximum transverse syrinx width of 7.0 mm at C2-C3. Medical management (meloxicam and gabapentin) failed to resolve clinical signs. Due to significantly increased lateral ventricles and concern for syrinx progression, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed. Aside from transient post-operative pneumocephalus, the procedure was successful. The dog showed significant clinical improvement, and follow-up MRI demonstrated syrinx reduction and resolution of lateral ventricles. At 6 months post-op, the syrinx measured 2.3 mm. Eight months after the surgery, the dog experienced a brief episode of a suspected movement disorder like but recovered fully. The patient remains pain-free and neurologically normal. This case describes the clinical and imaging outcomes of ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) in a dog with Chiari-like malformation, syringomyelia, and ventriculomegaly.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1946635"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreak of porcine deltacoronavirus in pigs in central China, 2024.","authors":"Guoliang Chen, Haichao Wu, Lingfeng Li, Bo Wang, Juanjuan Min, Yonghuan Deng, Can Yin, Ping Zhou, Yushuang Zhou, Wen Sun, Taotao Yang, Bo Ma, Yuli Hu","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1934473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1934473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus responsible for acute diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration in piglets, thereby posing a substantial threat to the global swine industry. In December 2024, a severe diarrheal disease outbreak occurred on an intensive pig farm in Hubei Province, located in central China. Here, we describe the isolation and genomic characterization of a novel PDCoV strain, designated SP2403-2, obtained from the intestinal contents of an affected piglet. The virus was successfully propagated in cell culture and confirmed by immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy. The near-complete genome of SP2403-2, comprising 25,244 nucleotides, was sequenced. Comparative genomic analyses showed that SP2403-2 shares 97.0-99.2% nucleotide identity with reference PDCoV strains, with the highest similarity (99.2%) to the recently reported Chinese strain JSTZ2025. Phylogenetic analyses based on complete genome, ORF1ab, and S gene sequences demonstrated that SP2403-2 belongs to the Chinese lineage. Notably, alignment of the spike (S) protein of SP2403-2 with that of the vaccine strain CHN-HN-2014 revealed 25 amino acid substitutions. Structural mapping indicated that these mutations are predominantly located on the surface-exposed regions of critical domains within the S protein, potentially influencing antigenic epitopes and receptor-binding properties. Our findings demonstrate that SP2403-2 represents a contemporary Chinese-lineage PDCoV strain carrying substantial S protein variation relative to the vaccine strain, underscoring the imperative for ongoing surveillance of emerging PDCoV variants and re-evaluation of current vaccine efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1934473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the hepatoprotective effect of a multi-component preparation containing phospholipids, selected amino acids, betaine, and milk thistle extract in dogs with asymptomatic elevation of liver parameters: a pilot study.","authors":"Renata Nieradka, Michał Jank, Sebastian Otto, Agnieszka Kurosad","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1938591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1938591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Liver diseases in dogs are often diagnosed at advanced stages due to the organ's high functional reserve. Early supportive therapy with hepatoprotective nutraceuticals may help slow disease progression in dogs with asymptomatic elevation of liver parameters.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of a multi-component preparation containing phospholipids, selected amino acids, betaine, and milk thistle extract in client-owned dogs with asymptomatic elevation of liver parameters.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seventeen dogs were included in the open-label study. The animals received Hepatiale Forte Advanced (Vet Expert) for 8 weeks at the manufacturer's recommended dose. Liver enzyme activities (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT), total bilirubin, serum bile acids, hematological parameters, and abdominal ultrasonography were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Supplementation resulted in statistically significant reductions in ALT (<i>p</i> = 0.004), AST (<i>p</i> = 0.004), ALP (<i>p</i> = 0.001), total bilirubin (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and serum bile acids (<i>p</i> = 0.007). A trend toward a decrease was observed for GGT (<i>p</i> = 0.052). Hematological parameters remained stable, and the preparation was well tolerated with no adverse effects reported. Ultrasonographic findings were mostly stable or improved (resolution of biliary sludge in some cases).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eight-week supplementation with the multi-component hepatoprotective preparation was associated with significant improvement in liver biochemical parameters in dogs with asymptomatic elevation of liver parameters. The results support further research in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1938591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper-molybdenum interactions in ruminant nutrition and reproductive physiology: mechanistic insights into growth, digestibility, and follicular development.","authors":"Junfang Hao, Qian Xu, Kai Huang, Jiangbo Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1878484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1878484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The copper-molybdenum-sulfur (Cu-Mo-S) interaction is one of the most important mineral antagonisms in ruminant nutrition because it can induce functional copper deficiency even when dietary copper intake appears adequate. In the rumen, dietary sulfur is reduced to sulfide, which reacts with molybdate to form thiomolybdates. These compounds bind copper within ruminal digesta and, when produced in excess, may also enter the circulation and interfere with systemic copper trafficking and cuproenzyme function. This review critically synthesizes evidence on ruminal thiomolybdate formation, post-absorptive copper sequestration, growth and immune consequences, rumen fermentation, and hair/wool follicle abnormalities. Practical mitigation requires more than increasing dietary copper: feed, forage, mineral supplements, and drinking water should be analyzed together for Cu, Mo, S, Fe, and Zn; dietary Cu:Mo:S balance should be interpreted in a species-specific manner; high Mo and sulfur exposure should be reduced when possible; and copper supplementation should be adjusted cautiously, particularly in sheep because of their narrow margin between deficiency and toxicity. Rumen-stable or less rumen-soluble copper sources, such as hydroxychloride or selected organic copper complexes, may reduce ruminal antagonism under specific feeding conditions, although responses remain diet- and species-dependent. Diagnostic interpretation should combine serum copper, liver copper, ceruloplasmin or SOD-related indices, and, where available, functional biomarkers such as CCS or TCA-fractionated plasma copper. The review concludes that effective management of Cu-Mo-S imbalance requires an integrated framework linking diet and water testing, functional copper-status assessment, species-specific risk thresholds, and targeted supplementation rather than broad group-average mineral feeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1878484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timosaponin AIII mitigates zearalenone-induced kidney injury in weaned piglets in association with TLR/MAPK signaling suppression.","authors":"Zengxin Lv, Yijie Qin, Yingxuan Duan, Xin Liu, Yongpeng Guo, Zhixiang Wang, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1941423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1941423","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Zearalenone (ZEN) is a common Fusarium mycotoxin that frequently contaminates feed and can induce kidney dysfunction in pigs. Timosaponin AIII (TSA), a steroidal saponin isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study evaluated whether TSA supplementation alleviates ZEN-induced kidney injury in weaned piglets and examined its association with TLR4/MAPK signaling.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Eighteen weaned female piglets were randomly assigned to three groups (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 6 per group): Control (basal diet), ZEN (basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg ZEN), and ZEN + TSA (basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg ZEN and 20 mg/kg TSA). After 28 days, growth performance and kidney index were recorded. Serum CRE, BUN, and UA concentrations were measured. Kidney histopathology was assessed by H&E staining, and apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL staining. Renal cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) were quantified by ELISA. Expression of TLR/MAPK signaling-related genes and proteins was analyzed by qPCR and Western blot. Western blot densitometry used three biological replicates per group (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3), whereas ELISA, qPCR, serum biochemistry, and TUNEL quantification used all six animals per group (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 6).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;ZEN exposure significantly reduced final body weight, ADFI, ADG, and kidney index, and increased F/G, serum CRE and BUN concentrations, and renal histopathological lesions (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). ZEN also elevated renal IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels and increased TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells. TSA co-administration significantly ameliorated ZEN-induced growth impairment, kidney dysfunction, histopathological damage, cytokine elevation, and apoptosis (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). At the molecular level, ZEN upregulated TLR4, NF-κB, IL-1β, and JNK expression, while TSA co-administration was associated with reduced IL-1β, JNK, and p-JNK/total JNK ratio. However, the difference in TLR4 protein abundance between the ZEN and ZEN + TSA groups was not statistically significant, and MAP3K7 remained elevated while IL-1R1 was not restored, indicating selective modulation of downstream MAPK effectors rather than uniform inhibition of the entire pathway.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;TSA supplementation is associated with the alleviation of ZEN-induced kidney injury in weaned piglets, concomitant with reduced inflammatory and apoptotic responses and selective modulation of TLR/MAPK downstream signaling, particularly JNK. However, due to the absence of a TSA-only control group, the lack of analytical verification of dietary ZEN and TSA concentrations, and the absence of direct pathway inhibitor, knockdown, or rescue experiments, these findings are correlative and cannot establish causality. Further studies incorporating TSA-only groups, verified feed concentrations, and pathway-specific interventions are needed to confirm the pro","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1941423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of an ultrasound-guided rabbit model of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor and contrast-enhanced ultrasound pattern analysis.","authors":"Zhi-Long Liu, Qian Zhang, Qin Lu, Yan-Jing Zhang, Li Li, Yu-Fang Zhao, Guo-Lin Yin, Xiao-Hui Yan, Yan-Hua Zhang, Li-Ping Liu","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1904243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1904243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to develop a rabbit model of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver (IPTL) using an ultrasound-guided implantation technique and to assess its feasibility, safety, and imaging characteristics in comparison with a surgical embedding approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-six New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the ultrasound-guided implantation group (Experimental Group), the surgical embedding group (Surgical Group), or a blank control group. IPTL lesions were induced using a combination of gelatin sponge and Freund's complete adjuvant. Parameters assessed included operative duration, lesion modeling success rate, findings from conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), laboratory indicators, and histopathological outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All animals survived without severe complications. The lesion modeling success rates were 90% in the Experimental Group and 95% in the Surgical Group (<i>p</i> > 0.05), while operative duration was significantly reduced in the Experimental Group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). On conventional ultrasound, IPTL lesions in both experimental groups presented as hyperechoic nodules with well-defined margins. CEUS indicated three distinct enhancement patterns: isoenhancement, hypoenhancement, and rapid washout. Laboratory testing demonstrated no significant differences in serum hyaluronic acid or liver function markers between the Experimental and control groups; however, the Surgical Group exhibited significantly elevated hyaluronic acid levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated lower microvessel density in hypoenhanced nodules compared to those with other enhancement patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ultrasound-guided implantation technique is a safe, efficient, and reproducible method for modeling IPTL in rabbits. The resulting lesions exhibit histopathological and CEUS characteristics that closely resemble those observed in human IPTL, supporting its utility as an experimental platform for further research into the pathophysiology and imaging features of IPTL.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1904243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological insights into bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine rotavirus in diarrheic Yaks on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.","authors":"Jizong Zhang, Yixin Wang, Quan Mo, Lan Lan, Yao Pan, Wei Tian, Yue Su, Yanan Zhang, Jiancheng Qi, Zhicai Zuo","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1943095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1943095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diarrhea is common in yak calves and causes substantial economic losses to the yak industry on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine rotavirus (BRV) are important enteric pathogens in cattle, but their epidemiology and potential association in yaks remain unclear. In this study, 1,623 fecal samples were collected from yaks across different locations, age groups, seasons, and breeds to investigate BVDV, BRV, and BVDV/BRV dual positivity. Viral positivity was detected using PCR amplification, and associated factors were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariable binary logistic regression. Overall, 277 samples were positive for BVDV, 224 for BRV, and 92 for both viruses, corresponding to positivity rates of 17.07%, 13.80%, and 5.67%, respectively. BVDV positivity differed significantly among seasons (<i>P</i> = 0.0008), with a lower rate in summer than in spring and winter, and was strongly associated with BRV positivity (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). BRV positivity differed significantly by location, age, season, and breed in univariable analyses, and was higher in adult yaks than in calves (16.54% vs. 11.35%, <i>P</i> = 0.0025) but lower in summer than in spring and winter. Multivariable analysis showed that BRV status was the only factor associated with BVDV positivity (OR = 4.277, 95% CI: 3.121-5.861, <i>P</i> < 0.001), whereas age, sampling location, and BVDV status were associated with BRV positivity, with BVDV-positive yaks showing a markedly higher risk of BRV positivity (OR = 4.299, 95% CI: 3.138-5.889, <i>P</i> < 0.001). No factor was significantly associated with BVDV/BRV dual positivity. These findings indicate that BVDV and BRV circulate among yaks and are strongly associated, suggesting possible viral interaction or shared exposure conditions and highlighting the need for integrated surveillance and control strategies targeting multiple viral pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1943095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}