Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"<i>Piper aduncum</i> polyphenols and flavonoids enhance gut health, immune and anti-inflammatory activity and performance indices of broiler chickens.","authors":"D M Paredes-Lopez, R A Robles-Huaynate, R A Perales-Camacho, C V Alania-Santiago, J P Diaz-Gonzales, U Aldava-Pardave","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1597948","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1597948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-level use of antibiotics as grow promotors in animal nutrition in the last six decades has pushed to bacterial resistance to these molecules. The search for alternative ways including plants extracts, essential oils or phytochemicals to tackle this problem is increasing nowadays. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of <i>Piper aduncum</i> polyphenols (PaP) and flavonoids (PaF) on broiler chicken gut health. 396 Cobb 500 broiler chickens aged 1-33 d old were fed a base diet (BD). Birds were randomly divided into two control (C) and four supplementations (S) groups. C1 was fed with BD and C2 with BD + 50 ppm zinc bacitracin. S1 and S2 were supplemented with 17.5 and 35.0 ppm PaP, whereas S3 and S4 were supplemented with 17.5 and 35.0 ppm PaF of the diet, respectively and sub ministered in drinking water from 1-21 d of age. The <i>in vivo</i> gut microbiota at 21 and 28 d of age, gut villi histomorphometry at 7, 14, and 21 d and performance indices at 7, 21 and 33 d were evaluated. Data was processed using a general factorial arrangement. PaP and PaF supplementation, increased lymphocytes and globulins in chickens at 14 d of age (<i>p</i> < 0.05), at the same time erythrocytes, granulocytes, and ALT profiles decreased at 21 d of age (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> abundance (log₁₀ CFU/g) decreased, <i>Lactobacillus</i> sp. was enhanced in ileal mucosa and content of chickens at 21 d old on supplementation 35.0 ppm PaP, 17.5 and 35.0 ppm of PaF (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and villi length increased with the age of chickens supplemented 17.5 ppm of PaP, 17.5 and 35.0 ppm of PaF (<i>p</i> < 0.05). As a result, PaP and PaF maintain weight gain and feed conversion rate, reduce feed intake and improve carcass yield overall in the three stages of broiler chickens. In conclusion, PaP and PaF enhanced gut health, the immune and anti-inflammatory activity, and performance indices of broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1597948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selected cytokine and chemokine concentrations in equine autologous conditioned serum are similar under defined and practically relevant storage conditions.","authors":"Susanne Pauline Roth, Giulia Liso, Walter Brehm, Bettina Wagner, Christiane Liliane Schnabel, Antonia Troillet","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1588240","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1588240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects of autologous conditioned serum (ACS) in joint-associated disorders are presumably mediated by the biomolecules it contains, such as cytokines and chemokines. ACS is commonly used in equine practice after storage. Data regarding the influence of storage conditions of ACS on cytokine and chemokine concentrations are not available.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effect of commonly used storage conditions on selected cytokine and chemokine concentrations in equine ACS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 10 horse patients with clinically indicated ACS preparation six ACS aliquots each were stored under different storage conditions. The samples were evaluated after storage at room temperature (rt) or at refrigerator temperature (6-8°C) for 6 h. Another set of samples was stored frozen at -20°C for 7 months. After this storage under clinically relevant conditions all samples were frozen at -80°C, and compared to an aliquot immediately frozen at -80°C. Mediator concentrations were determined by fluorescent bead-based multiplex assays using monoclonal antibodies that are specific for the respective analyzed molecule: interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-α (equine cytokine 5-plex assay) as well as CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3, CCL5, CCL11, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β (equine chemokine 6-plex assay) were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-10, as well as the chemokines analyzed, showed marked interindividual differences. The cytokines IL-17A, IL-4, and IFN-α were not detected in any of the samples analyzed. Concentrations of selected cytokines, and chemokines were similar between the defined storage conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Concentrations of selected cytokines, chemokines, and IL-1ra in equine ACS were not influenced by the defined storage conditions studied (rt, refrigerated, frozen).</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1588240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of BCAA supplementation on plasma and mare's milk amino acid contents in <i>Yili</i> mares and growth performance of suckling foals.","authors":"Xiang Ren, Yuheng Xue, Zhehong Shen, Xiaotian Liu, Xiaokang Chang, Jun Meng, Wanlu Ren, Jianwen Wang, Xinkui Yao, Yaqi Zeng","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1602363","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1602363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) play a crucial role in regulating nutritional metabolism in lactating animals. However, limited research has been conducted on BCAAs in equines. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of BCAA supplementation on plasma and milk amino acid profiles in Yili mares, as well as the growth performance of their suckling foals, thereby providing a scientific basis for optimizing feeding management practices. Eighteen pairs of Yili mares and their sucklings were randomly assigned to four groups: a control group (Group D, no BCAA supplementation) and three experimental groups (S1, S2, and S3, receiving 38 g/day, 76 g/day, and 114 g/day of BCAA supplementation, respectively). The trial lasted for 67 days. The concentrations of 22 amino acids in plasma and milk were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and their correlations with the body height, length, and weight of the foals were analyzed using SPSS software (one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation test). In mare plasma amino acids, the serine (Ser) content in group S1 was significantly higher than that in group D (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, in group S3, tryptophan (Trp), histidine (His), and aspartic acid (Asp) contents were markedly elevated. For mare milk amino acids, Ser content in group S1 was extremely significantly higher than in group D (<i>p</i> < 0.01), while aspartic acid (Asp) and alanine (Ala) contents were significantly increased in group S3. Regarding foal growth performance, body weight in group S3 was significantly greater than in group D. Moreover, group S2 exhibited superior trends in body height and length growth. Correlation analysis demonstrated that plasma Ser and creatine (Cr) were positively correlated with mare milk Ser and Cr. Mare milk threonine (Thr) showed a positive correlation with foal body height and length. Studies indicate that branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) regulate protein synthesis and amino acid metabolism via the mTOR pathway. In this experiment, 38 g/d BCAA enhanced mammary gland Ser transport, thereby increasing its content. Furthermore, 114 g/d BCAA promoted Asp and Ala accumulation, likely due to enhanced catabolic activity. The positive correlation between mare milk Thr, His, and skeletal development suggests that BCAA indirectly promotes growth through milk composition regulation. However, given the small sample size of this study, long-term validation is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1602363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient restrictive cardiomyopathy in cats: first reported case series.","authors":"Camille Poissonnier, Pierre Guigo, Pierre Foulex, Peggy Passavin, Aurore Fouhety, Tiphaine Douay, Coline Le Gall, Kahina Kartout, Éric Bomassi, Valérie Chetboul","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1607384","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1607384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transient myocardial thickening has been reported in cats. This clinical entity is characterized by reversible left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy often associated with left atrial (LA) dilation and congestive heart failure (CHF) that resolves over time. To the best of our knowledge, transient restrictive cardiomyopathy (TRCM) has not yet been reported in cats.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the epidemiological, clinical, echocardiographic, and prognostic features of cats with TRCM.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>17 cats with TRCM and 16 control cats with non-transient RCM (NT-RCM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective study. Clinical records of cats with an RCM phenotype (defined by normal LV dimensions with LA or biatrial enlargement) were searched in 6 veterinary databases. Cats with subsequent resolution of the RCM phenotype were included in the TRCM group and those with persistent RCM phenotype in the NT-RCM group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TRCM cats were significantly younger than NT-RCM cats (<i>p</i> = 0.003). An antecedent event was identified 24 h to 17 days before diagnosis in most TRCM cats (11/17), but in no NT-RCM cat. All TRCM cats and 12/16 NT-RCM cats had CHF, with a lower left atrium:aorta ratio in TRCM cats (<i>p</i> = 0.04). Diuretic treatment was discontinued (10/17) or decreased (7/17) in all TRCM cats, but in no NT-RCM cat. Median survival time of NT-RCM cats was 667 days whereas the Kaplan-Meier method estimated that 86% of the TRCM cats had not died from cardiac death 6,000 days after diagnosis (<i>p</i> = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion and clinical importance: </strong>TRCM occurs in cats with common antecedent events and with excellent long-term prognosis in most cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1607384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current understanding of the <i>Streptococcus bovis</i>/<i>equinus</i> complex and its bacteriophages in ruminants: a review.","authors":"Seon Young Park, Seongwon Seo, Ji Hyung Kim","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1466437","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1466437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Streptococcus bovis</i>/<i>Streptococcus equinus</i> complex (SBSEC) comprises eight (sub)species, with several opportunistic pathogenic members. These SBSEC species are associated with metabolic disorders in ruminants, resulting in economic losses to the global livestock industry. Moreover, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in SBSEC strains, particularly against commonly used antibiotics, poses serious concerns to the livestock industry. Therefore, alternative approaches to control SBSEC infections have garnered increased attention, and several applications of bacteriophages (phages) have exhibited promising results. Research on SBSEC and their phages has been limited, particularly in livestock production. However, advancements in molecular techniques and a growing interest in alternative strategies to combat AMR have brought SBSEC and their phages into the spotlight. Molecular techniques, such as whole-genome sequencing, have revolutionized the accurate identification and classification of SBSEC, resulting in the elucidation of their ecological and pathogenic roles. SBSEC-infecting phages exhibit remarkable diversity and potential as biocontrol agents, with phage-derived endolysins offering targeted regulation of the SBSEC populations in the rumen. Despite recent achievements, knowledge gaps exist in understanding phage-host interactions and evaluating the efficacy of phage in biologically relevant models, warranting the integration of <i>ex vivo</i>, <i>in vivo</i>, and <i>in silico</i> approaches. Here, we comprehensively review the current knowledge regarding the taxonomy, AMR characteristics, and diversity of SBSEC, and the potential of SBSEC-specific phages, focusing on recent advances in basic research and biotechnological applications in ruminants. Harnessing the potential of SBSEC-specific phages and their derivatives as innovative solutions should help promote overall animal health and the production of antibiotic-free livestock.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1466437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12141233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Premature lactation in Jersey heifers after intercontinental air transport.","authors":"Guanglei Liu, Eryl Done, Joyce Ip, Cheuk Ming Li, Kate Flay, Ákos Kenéz","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1601524","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1601524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The establishment of a new teaching and research dairy farm at City University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong SAR, China) necessitated the importation of pregnant dairy heifers from Australia. On 20 September 2022, a cohort of 24 pregnant heifers arrived by air to CityU Farm. Commencing shortly after arrival, during the subsequent month all heifers exhibited abnormal udder development resembling cows within 2 weeks pre-parturition, despite being 10-17 weeks from calving. Further clinical examination showed excessive teat edema, ventral abdominal edema and milk leakage. Additionally, serum biochemical analysis identified elevated cortisol and prolactin levels, accompanied by reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels. These observations indicated that premature lactation in the heifers could be associated with transport-induced stress, hormonal imbalances, and potential zearalenone contamination in the feed. Interventions were implemented upon the appearance of clinical signs, including the reduction of artificial lighting in the barns to reduce solar-induced stress, removal of concentrate from the diet with only timothy hay retained, and implementing timely monitoring and treatment of mastitis cases. The majority of the heifers calved successfully as expected, with the exception of one premature calving case (approximately 6 weeks early). Notably, half of the heifers that experienced premature lactation exhibited reduced colostrum quality at calving post-recovery with 50% (of 20 sampled) having a %Brix value of <22, (mean %Brix value of 22.13 ± 4.20). The findings emphasize the physiological challenges associated with international cattle transport and underscore the need for research-driven strategies to improve livestock acclimatization, welfare, and management during and after transportation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1601524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating metabolomics for precision nutrition in poultry: optimizing growth, feed efficiency, and health.","authors":"Mohamed E Abd El-Hack, Ahmed A Allam, Ahmed K Aldhalmi, Mahmoud Kamal, Muhammad Arif, Abdullah S Alawam, Hassan A Rudayni, Ayman E Taha, Ayman A Swelum, Ahmed A Elolimy, Mahmoud Madkour, Elwy A Ashour","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1594749","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1594749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nutrition is an important factor in poultry production. This review highlights how precision nutrition improves poultry performance through metabolomics, which is a multidisciplinary approach that integrates traditional nutrition with other fields, including biology, immunology, molecular biology, genetics, computer sciences, chemistry, biochemistry, mathematics, engineering, and technology sciences. For measuring the results of the body's biochemical activities and figuring out Living systems' dynamic, multi-parametric metabolic response to pathological stimuli, metabolomics can be a very useful instrument. Numerous metabolomics techniques exist, including emerging capillary electrophoresis (CE), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and some targeted HPLC-based assays. Metabolomics can help in understanding the metabolism of diets (protein, carbohydrate, and fat) and the pathways of precise nutrition. Metabolomics can revolutionize poultry nutrition strategies, optimizing health, growth performance, and metabolic efficiency by decoding biochemical interactions between diet, metabolism, and physiology. This review aims to highlight methodologies for integrating metabolomic data into precision feeding systems, ultimately enhancing sustainability, reducing production costs, and improving poultry welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1594749"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of an integrated therapeutic protocol for sheep with acute ruminal impaction: diagnostic and prognostic significance of rumen functions and hepatorenal biomarkers.","authors":"Enas Elmeligy, Ebtsam S Abdel-Lah, Abdulaziz H Almuhanna, Eman A R Abdelghffar, Mustafa Shukry, Mahmoud Saber, Ashraf M Abu-Seida, Sayed Fathi El-Hawari, Laila A Al-Shuraym, Lamya Ahmed Alkeridis, Khaled A Khesruf, Arafat Khalphallah","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1587098","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1587098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute ruminal impaction is a metabolic disorder of the digestive system that happens in ruminants that have been fed a high amount of cereal grains, negatively impacting animal health and productivity. The present study clarified the diagnostic and prognostic significance of certain clinico-biochemical findings in evaluation of the efficacy of the applied therapeutic regimen in sheep with acute carbohydrate engorgement. This was conducted through monitoring changes in clinical findings, blood pictures, ruminal function biomarkers, serum hepatorenal indicators, and serum electrolytes indices in fattening Osimi sheep on days 0 pre-therapy and days 3, 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 post-therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study comprised fattening non-pregnant Osimi sheep (<i>n</i> = 100) with acute ruminal impaction. They were exposed to a 5-day integrated treatment regimen. It included IV infusion of sodium bicarbonate and glucose, an oral drenching of each of magnesium hydroxide, antibloat preparation (Bloatryal), and laxative powder (Apilax Powder). This was followed by injectable doses of flunixin meglumine, diphenhydramine HCl, clanobutin sodium, broad spectrum antibiotic (Combikel 20 + 20), and doramectin (a broad-spectrum anthelmintic). The investigated sheep had a full clinical examination and hemato-biochemical tests from day 0 (pre-therapy) up to day's 3-90 post-therapy.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>The applied therapeutic regimen (1-5 days' therapeutic program) was highly effective in cases of acute ruminal impaction in sheep, as evidenced by a clear improvement in their clinical health status (up to 15 days post-therapy) as well as restoring their reference intervals of ruminal functions biomarkers, blood picture indices, and hepatorenal functions throughout the current study (15-60 days post-therapy). Except for hepatorenal functions, all estimated laboratory indices restored their physiological intervals on the 15th day post-therapy. A 30- to 60-day follow-up period was required post-therapy until hepatorenal function restored their physiological reference intervals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1587098"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomics characteristics and differentiation of subcutaneous adipose tissue among Huainan pigs and its hybrid genetic populations.","authors":"Taotao Yan, Mingyang Jia, Jiaxi Li, Xianyong Lan, Liwei Yuan, Baosong Xing, Chuanying Pan, Qingxia Lu, Jing Wang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1545694","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1545694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Huainan pig (HN) is known for its impressive litter size and exquisite meat quality. However, it also exhibits certain drawbacks such as excessive fat deposition, a relatively low percentage of lean meat percentage, and a slower growth rate. Crossbreeding with lean-type breeds, such as Large White, Landrace, and Berkshire can enhance offspring traits, and increase genetic diversity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study we employed RNA-seq technology to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) samples from HN pigs and their crosses with multiple breeds (with three replicates per group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the SAT of Huainan × Berkshire pigs (BH), Huainan × Yorkshire pigs (YH), and Huainan × Landrace pigs (LH), numerous key functional genes were identified, including <i>LIPG</i>, <i>PLIN2</i>, <i>CPT1A</i>, <i>KLF9</i>, <i>CCND1</i>, <i>LDLR</i>, <i>ACSL1</i>, <i>ACLY</i> and <i>ANGPTL4</i>. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were primarily involved in several key pathways in BH, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling, metabolic pathways, arachidonic acid metabolism, and arginine/proline metabolism. Similarly, in LH, DEGs were associated with PPAR, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the arginine/proline pathway. In contrast, the main pathways in YH were slightly different, including MAPK, fatty acid elongation, arginine/proline metabolism, and glycine/serine/threonine metabolism. Compared to HN, the differential genes in BH, LH, and YH showed a reduced fat deposition. However, in comparison, LH has a stronger subcutaneous fat deposition ability. Notably, LH exhibited a stronger tendency for subcutaneous fat deposition than the other two groups, while YH had the lowest fat deposition capacity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, these findings offer valuable insights and provide a foundation for future research on the molecular mechanisms underlying fat deposition in pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1545694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of multi-epitope Cathepsin L driven short peptide vaccine against <i>Fasciola gigantica</i>.","authors":"Supanan Chansap, Werachon Cheukamud, Thitikul Suthisintong, Pornanan Kueakhai, Narin Changklungmoa","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1547937","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1547937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fasciolosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by <i>Fasciola</i> species (<i>Fasciola</i> spp.). <i>Fasciola</i> spp. infection has the potential to affect the livestock economy. Furthermore, liver flukes have been found to present Triclabendazole resistance in many countries. Vaccines are used to prevent fasciolosis and are currently considered the best alternative. However, no liver fluke vaccine is commercially available at present. <i>Fasciola gigantica</i> Cathepsin Ls (FgCatLs) are vital enzymes for the liver fluke's survival. Therefore, this study aimed to design and investigate the immune response of multi-epitope Cathepsin L (MeCatL) driven short peptide vaccine for fasciolosis using immunoinformatic tools. FgCatLs sequences were predicted Linear B cell (BCL)- and Helper T lymphocyte (HTL)-specific immunogenic Eepitopes. The selected epitopes were marked on FgCatL's alignments. Novel epitopes were constructed from three criteria, including the selection process taking non-conserved host regions, overlapping FgCatLs sequences, and the highest percent conserved residues. Novel epitopes of BCL and HTL were linked with a linker to design a short peptide. MeCatL driven short peptide presented high antigenicity, non-allergenicity, non-toxicity, and good solubility. MeCatL driven short peptide was predicted and refined the tertiary structure. The refined MeCatL driven short peptide model indicated good quality structure that was investigated by Ramachandran plot, ERRAT, and Z-score. The refined MeCatL driven short peptide model interacted with Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2). The lowest energy was -1222.4 kJ/mol. The levels of IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 were increased in <i>in silico</i> immune simulation. MeCatL driven short peptide was synthesized and immunized in mice. IgG1 and IgG2a levels were increased after week 2, indicating IgG1 levels were dominating. MeCatL driven short peptide immunized sera can detect single proteins, including rFgCatL1, rFgCatL1G, and rFgCatL1H. In addition, MeCatL driven short peptide immunized sera was specifically detected in the cecal epithelium of NEJ and adult stages. These findings suggest that the MeCatL short peptide is a promising vaccine candidate, capable of inducing targeted immune responses, though further studies are needed to confirm its protective efficacy <i>in vivo</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1547937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}