Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"The cephalic vein is readily accessible for vascular access in pediatric patients less than 12 weeks presenting to an emergency room.","authors":"Alexandra L Zilberfarb, Adesola Odunayo, Prathima Garudadri, Ashley Allen-Durrance, Chika Okafor","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1495039","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1495039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric veterinary patients often require prompt medical intervention in emergency hospitals, commonly involving intravenous medications or fluids. This study aimed to characterize the most utilized venous access sites in pediatric puppies and kittens under 12 weeks of age in an emergency room setting. Ninety-four canine and 33 feline patients under 12 weeks old, with an intravenous catheter placed in the emergency room at the University of Florida, between January 1, 2021, and November 30, 2023 were included in this study. A retrospective evaluation of medical records was conducted to determine the most common vein utilized for venous access in pediatric patients. The median body weight was 4.19 kg (Q1, Q3: 2.50, 7.20) for puppies and 0.92 kgs (Q1, Q3: 0.43, 1.14) for kittens. The cephalic vein was the most common site in both species, utilized in 90.4% of puppies (85/94) and 78.8% of kittens (26/33). Puppies with lower body weights were more likely to have a catheter placed in the jugular vein; however, no significant correlation was found between the kittens' body weights and catheter site. The most used catheter size was 22G in both species. Ultimately, the cephalic vein appears to be consistently accessible for venous access in puppies and kittens under 12 weeks old, across a wide range of body weights. Catheters in the jugular vein may be preferred for puppies and kittens under 1.2 kg and 0.3 kg, respectively. Utilizing the cephalic vein for venous access may facilitate rapid and less technically challenging intravenous catheter placement in patients under 12 weeks old.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1495039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Azole resistance in <i>Aspergillus</i> isolates from animals or their direct environment (2013-2023): a systematic review.","authors":"Lucía Dieste-Pérez, Manon M C Holstege, Judith E de Jong, Annet E Heuvelink","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1507997","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1507997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The resistance of <i>Aspergillus</i> species to azoles in human medicine is gaining increasing attention, and the role of animals and agricultural practices in this issue is becoming a significant source of concern. To gain better insights into the occurrence of azole resistance in <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. isolates from animals, a systematic literature review was conducted. Searches were conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases for articles addressing azole resistance in <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. isolates from both animals and their immediate environments, published between 2013 and 2024. Descriptive clinical cases were analyzed separately from articles providing <i>in-vitro</i> susceptibility test results. MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀ values, along with the number of non-wild type (NWT) isolates, were either directly extracted from the articles or calculated based on published results of individual isolates or MIC distributions. Ultimately, seventy-three out of 2042 articles were included in the analysis. Articles reporting clinical cases included only horses, dogs, cats, zoo animals, and wildlife, with the majority of cases occurring outside Europe. Generally, successful clinical remission or recovery followed prolonged and continuous fungicide azole treatments, regardless of the azole-<i>Aspergillus</i> spp.-animal category combination. Itraconazole was the most frequently noted treatment in clinical cases involving companion animals (dogs and cats) and horses. The weighted geometric mean of the MIC₅₀ values for itraconazole was lowest for <i>A. fumigatus</i> isolates within the companion animal category. Zoo animals and wildlife were often treated with voriconazole, and the weighted geometric mean of the MIC₅₀ values for this and other azoles was equal to or slightly lower than those calculated for <i>A. fumigatus</i> isolates from other animal categories. NWT <i>A. fumigatus</i> isolates were reported in zoo animals and wildlife, horses, companion animals, and poultry for several azoles, occurring both in Europe and beyond, in healthy and sick animals. In conclusion, zoo animals and wildlife, horses, and poultry represent a more significant concern regarding the prevalence of <i>A. fumigatus</i> and <i>A. flavus</i> NWT isolates than other animal categories. Insufficient data prevented conclusions about the situation specifically in Europe, and therefore, more systematic and comparable data are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1507997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal amoebic meningoencephalitis caused by <i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i> in <i>Pongo pygmaeus</i> and first case report in <i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>.","authors":"Rubén L Rodríguez-Expósito, Loles Carbonell, Jesús Recuero-Gil, Javier Martinez, Rosa Martinez-Valverde, Carmen Martinez-Fernandez, Joaquín Ortega-Porcel, Agustín Barragán Hernández, Juan M Corpa, Estefanía Montero Cortijo, Jesús Sánchez-Nicolás, Sergio Moya, Patricia Pérez-Pérez, María Reyes-Batlle, Angélica Domíngez-de-Barros, Omar García-Pérez, Angela Magnet, Fernando Izquierdo, Soledad Fenoy, Carmen Del Águila, Elizabeth Córdoba-Lanús, Francisco de Asis García-González, Miguel Casares, José E Piñero, Jacob Lorenzo-Morales","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1534378","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1534378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i> is an amoeba that can cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) as well as lung and skin infections in both humans and animals. Studies on <i>B. mandrillaris</i>-related GAE cases have increased in recent years. This amoeba has been identified as a cause of encephalitis and death in several non-human primates. In this study, we report a case of a 4-year-old female Bornean orangutan (<i>Pongo pygmaeus</i>) in a zoological center that exhibited neurological symptoms for several days. After unsuccessful treatments and a worsening in her condition, euthanasia was deemed necessary. Additionally, we describe the case of a 4-year-old male chimpanzee (<i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>) who died suddenly in a different zoo. Postmortem analysis revealed brain lesions with multiple hemorrhages, oedema, and inflammation in various organs in both cases. Histology showed the presence of <i>B. mandrillaris</i> trophozoites in necrotic and inflamed brain tissues, consistent with granulomatous amoebic meningoencephalitis. The diagnosis was confirmed using a multiplex qPCR assay on brain tissue samples from both animals water and soil samples from the chimpanzee's and orangutan's enclosure tested positive for <i>B. mandrillaris</i> DNA by qPCR, confirming environmental exposure. An immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) assay detected <i>B. mandrillaris</i> in chimpanzee brain slices. According to the authors' knowledge, this report documents the first known cases of <i>Balamuthia</i> amoebic encephalitis in non-human primates in Spain and the first case in <i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1534378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunotherapy yields breed-specific worst survival outcomes among three investigated therapies in French bulldogs with high-grade glioma.","authors":"Susan A Arnold, Amanda R Taylor, Katherine Hansen, Vijay Agarwal, Walter C Low, G Elizabeth Pluhar","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1532439","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1532439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>French bulldogs are one of the most popular dog breeds in the United States and are also among breeds with the highest risk for developing high-grade glioma (HGG). With limited treatment options and high translational value for studying canine HGG to advance understanding of human glioblastoma (GB), a variety of novel treatment options have been investigated. In other forms of cancer, immunotherapy has shown promising results, garnering interest in the treatment of HGG. Yet, when an immunotherapy-based clinical trial was conducted, a marked survival disparity in French bulldog patients compared to other breeds was observed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, multi-institutional study was conducted to examine survival outcomes in immunotherapy-treated French bulldogs compared to closely related breeds, and to French bulldogs treated with several other treatment modalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>French bulldogs treated with immunotherapy experienced significantly shorter overall survival (OS) than boxers and Boston terriers (132 vs. 221 days, respectively). French bulldogs treated with immunotherapy had no significant difference in OS compared to French bulldogs treated palliatively, whereas dogs treated with either a novel therapy involving sonodynamic therapy or stereotactic radiation therapy had significantly longer OS.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study provides evidence for an immunotherapy-resistant form of HGG in French bulldogs, suggesting that the breed harbors key molecular differences affecting the tumor and tumor-immune microenvironment and subsequent poor response to treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1532439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex infections in cattle and humans in the remote pastoral settings of southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Temesgen Mohammed, Fekadu Desta, Biniam Wondale, Aboma Zewude, Gezahegne Mamo, Hazim O Khalifa, Berecha Bayissa, Gobena Ameni","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1551710","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1551710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex (MTBC) infections are characterized by the development of granulomatous lesions in different parts of the bodies of animals and humans. MTBC infections cause significant economic and public health consequences in Ethiopia. However, there is a shortage of epidemiological data on MTBC infections in the pastoral regions of the country. The objective of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of MTBC infections in cattle and humans in the remote pastoral setting of southern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design was used to recruit 2,396 cattle and 1,200 human presumptive tuberculosis (TB) cases for this study from the southern pastoral districts of Ethiopia. The single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test (SICCTT) was used to screen for bovine TB in the cattle, while mycobacterial culture and spoligotyping were used to identify mycobacterial species and strains in the pastoralists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The herd and animal prevalences of bovine TB were 14.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 10.2-19.5%] and 3.2% (95% CI: 2.5-4.0), respectively. The herd prevalence was associated with the districts (<i>χ</i> ² = 40.10, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Based on the multivariable binary logistic regression analysis, the male animals were 1.77 (95% CI: 1.02-3.05) times more likely to be TB positive than the female animals. Similarly, the cattle kept in the Dasenech and Benetsemi districts were 10.65 (95% CI: 2.47-45.87) and 22.94 (95% CI: 5.48-95.94) times more likely to be TB positive than the cattle kept in the Selamago district, respectively. Mycobacterial culture positivity was 13.4%, while spoligotyping identified Euro-American (EA), East African-Indian (EAI), Indo-Oceanic (IO), lineage 7, <i>M. bovis,</i> and <i>M. africanum</i> as the major lineages, with proportions of 67.3% (105/156), 22.4% (35/156), 6.4% (10/156), 1.9% (3/156), 1.3% (2/156), and 0.6% (1/156), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In general, the prevalence of bovine TB was relatively lower than that recorded in intensive dairy farms in central Ethiopia. Three species of MTBC, namely <i>M. tuberculosis</i>, <i>M. africanum,</i> and <i>M. bovis,</i> were isolated from the pastoralists of southern Ethiopia. The isolation of <i>M. bovis</i> from the pastoralists could suggest its zoonotic transmission from cattle to humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1551710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal stromal cell isolation from pond slider (<i>Trachemys scripta</i>) adipose tissue obtained during routine neutering: a model for turtle species.","authors":"Valentina Andreoli, Alessandro Vetere, Virna Conti, Martina Gavezzoli, Priscilla Berni, Roberto Ramoni, Giuseppina Basini, Giordano Nardini, Igor Pelizzone, Stefano Grolli, Francesco Di Ianni","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1546091","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1546091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold great clinical potential in veterinary regenerative medicine. However, a notable gap exists in the literature regarding the isolation and characterization of these cells in reptiles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of isolating adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from pond slider (<i>Trachemys scripta</i>) tissue samples collected during routine neutering procedures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adipose tissue samples were obtained from five animals and processed using an enzymatic procedure. The resulting cell suspension was subsequently cultured at 28°C in a controlled atmosphere with 5% CO₂. The cell growth rates were evaluated through direct counting of cells up to passage 7. The colony-forming unit (CFU) capacity of MSCs was evaluated in low-density cell cultures, and the ability of the cells to differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages was assessed. The cell phenotype was characterized at the molecular level using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and amplicon sequencing, with a focus on markers commonly used for gene expression profiling of mammalian MSCs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cells demonstrated the capacity to differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages. RT-PCR revealed the expression of CD105, CD73, CD44, and CD90, whereas CD34 and HLA-DRA were not expressed. Sequence homology analysis demonstrated that the amplicons matched the sequences reported in the <i>Trachemys scripta</i> whole-genome shotgun sequence. This study represents the first investigation aimed at the isolation, <i>in vitro</i> expansion, and characterization of reptile adipose tissue-derived MSCs.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results demonstrate the feasibility of isolating MSC-like cells from chelonian adipose tissue and underscore their potential for application in regenerative medicine for both companion reptiles and endangered wild species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1546091"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of histochemical methods for the analysis of eosinophils and mast cells using a porcine model of eosinophilic esophagitis.","authors":"Douglas B Snider, David K Meyerholz, Evan S Dellon, Lizette M Cortes, Akash Karri, Anthony T Blikslager, Scott Laster, Tobias Käser, Glenn Cruse","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1540995","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1540995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Accurate identification of eosinophils in tissue sections is required for diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis in humans and the assessment of severity of disease in allergy models. The pig may be a good model for sensitization and allergy models due to anatomical, physiological, and immunological similarities to humans. However, comparative studies on histochemical detection of eosinophils in fixed porcine tissue are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Qualitative and quantitative comparisons were performed for six histochemical methods previously reported for eosinophil and mast cell detection in other species. Astra Blue/Vital New Red, Congo Red, Luna, Sirius Red, Toluidine Blue, and modified regressive Hematoxylin & Eosin were applied to formalin-fixed paraffin embedded full-thickness sections of porcine esophagus. Specimens were collected from young, crossbred pigs sensitized to ovalbumin with or without subsequent oral exposure to ovalbumin to produce eosinophilic esophagitis lesions for comparison to non-allergic controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ease of eosinophil quantitation was analyzed, and varied by histochemical stain, to determine whether stain selection increased accuracy and efficiency of evaluation. Noticeable differences in color contrast between intracytoplasmic granules, surrounding tissue, and cellular components aided detection and identification of eosinophils and mast cells with Astra Blue/New Vital Red and Toluidine Blue, respectively. For eosinophils, Congo Red and H&E were adequate, while Luna and Sirius Red presented challenges for quantitation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In this case, rapid and reliable characterization of porcine esophageal allergy models was made possible by using Astra Blue/New Vital Red for eosinophils and Toluidine Blue for mast cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1540995"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Ischemic brain infarction and cognitive dysfunction syndrome in an aged dog.","authors":"Min-Hee Kang, Woo-Phil Jeong, Chan-Sik Nam, Jun-Won Yoon, Dong-Min Choi, Gwang-Seob Lee, Yeon-Jin Kim, Tae-Jung Dan, Hee-Myung Park","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1563798","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1563798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report describes a rare occurrence of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) accompanied by ischemic brain infarction, providing insights into the relationship between neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular pathology in aged dogs. A 19-year-old neutered male miniature poodle exhibited progressive behavioral changes over three years, including nocturnal restlessness, inappropriate urination, and aimless wandering. Neurological examination revealed mild disorientation, decreased proprioception, and weakened postural reactions in the hind limbs, with a cognitive dysfunction rating (CDDR) score of 64 indicating severe cognitive impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed hallmark indicators of brain atrophy, such as widened cerebral sulci and ventricular enlargement, along with multifocal ischemic lesions in the right parietal and occipital area. Histopathological findings confirmed widespread neurodegeneration, including severe vacuolation and neuronal necrosis in the precentralis interna and anterior subcallosal regions. Congo Red-positive staining identified amyloid-like deposits in cerebral vessels, and Lewy bodies in the brainstem suggested concurrent vascular and amyloid pathology. This case provides evidence of a potential connection between cerebrovascular pathology and CDS, indicating that ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions may aggravate neurodegeneration and contribute to cognitive and neurological deficits. The coexistence of brain infarction and amyloid deposits in this dog resembles pathological processes observed in human conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, highlighting the multifactorial nature of CDS. Advanced neuroimaging and histopathological analysis were critical in diagnosing and understanding this complex interaction. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms linking neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease in aging dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1563798"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early calf segregation enables development of bovine tuberculosis-free replacement stock in a highly infected dairy herd: a preliminary study in Ethiopia.","authors":"Matios Lakew, Biniam Tadesse, Wegene Bedada, Bayeta Senbata Wakjira, Getnet Abie Mekonnen, Tesfaye Rufael Chibssa, Hagos Ashenafi, Gobena Ameni, Andrew J K Conlan, Douwe Bakker, Balako Gumi, Vivek Kapur","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1551065","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1551065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) severely impacts Ethiopia's growing dairy sector, where test-and-cull control methods are economically unfeasible, and test-and-segregation is impractical in herds with very high prevalence. We assessed the feasibility of establishing bTB-free replacement stock through early segregation of calves born to bTB-positive cows. In a two-year longitudinal study on a high-prevalence (98% tuberculin skin test positive) dairy farm, 26 newborn calves were separated from their bTB-positive dams on day five after birth and screened for bTB at 2 to 5 month intervals across eight rounds, with test-positive calves immediately removed from the negative herd. The majority of segregated calves (19 out of 25; 76%; 95% CI: 58-94) remained bTB-test negative through the testing period, with nine uninfected female calves and two males reaching 18 months of age, demonstrating potential for establishing bTB-free breeding stock. However, six calves (24%; 95% CI: 6-42) turned to test positive during the study period. The extended dam-calf contact during the first five days likely contributed to some infections, suggesting that immediate separation and alternative colostrum sources could improve success rates. The addition of interferon gamma release assays in later testing rounds enabled detection of infected animals potentially missed by skin testing alone, highlighting the value of complementary diagnostic approaches for surveillance. These findings provide preliminary evidence that early calf segregation can generate bTB-negative replacement stock from infected herds, and provide a framework for larger-scale studies across different farm settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1551065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of photoperiod change on serum hormone level, hair follicle growth and antioxidant status in skin tissue of cashmere goats.","authors":"Chenyu Mao, Xuelei Yin, Chu Wang, Xinran Huang, Jiawen Li","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1548681","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1548681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growth of cashmere in goats was primarily influenced by natural photoperiod. However, whether artificially altering the photoperiod modified the rhythm of cashmere growth still required verification. In this study, the effects of photoperiod change on hormone secretion, hair follicle development, gene expression and skin antioxidant status of goats were studied in non-growth period of cashmere. Eighteen goats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CG, natural photoperiod), short-day photoperiod group (SDPP, light 8 h/d, dark 16 h/d) and shortening photoperiod group (SPP, illumination duration gradually shortened from 16 h/d to 8 h/d). Experiment lasted for 60 days. Blood samples were taken weekly in first 30 days and every other day in last 30 days to determine hormone concentration. Skin samples were collected on 30 d and 60 d to determine hair follicle morphology, gene expression and skin antioxidant index. The results showed that SDPP and SPP increased the melatonin concentration on 34 d (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and 44 d (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the epidermal growth factor concentration on 46 d (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and 50 d (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the T3 concentration on 48 d and 56 d (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but decreased the prolactin concentration on 44 d (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and 56 d (<i>p</i> < 0.05), respectively. Additionally, on the 60 d, SDPP and SPP increased the depth of secondary hair follicle and the width of primary hair bulb (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and SPP increased the width of secondary hair bulb (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, on the 60 d, SDPP up-regulated the <i>β</i>-catenin expression; SPP up-regulated the <i>β</i>-catenin, BMP2 and PDGFA expression (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Besides, on the 30 d, SDPP increased the activity of catalase (CAT) (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and decreased the content of malonaldehyde (MDA) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). On the 60 d, SPP increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase, both SDPP and SPP increased the activities of CAT and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and decreased content of MDA in skin (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, at 60 d, both SDPP and SPP up-regulated the gene expression of SOD1, GPx4 and CAT (<i>p</i> < 0.05). It can be seen that shortened the photoperiod affected the hair follicle activity by altering the secretion of hormone and mediating the expression of key genes, made hair follicle morphological changes. Meanwhile, short photoperiod improved the antioxidant capacity, created favorable conditions for cashmere growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1548681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}