Ana F Costa, Emanuel Senra, Isabel Faria-Ramos, Andreia Teixeira, João Morais, Mariana Pacheco, Celso A Reis, Catarina Gomes
{"title":"ST3GalIV drives SLeX biosynthesis in gastrointestinal cancer cells and associates with cancer cell motility.","authors":"Ana F Costa, Emanuel Senra, Isabel Faria-Ramos, Andreia Teixeira, João Morais, Mariana Pacheco, Celso A Reis, Catarina Gomes","doi":"10.1007/s10719-023-10113-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-023-10113-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Expression of sialyl Lewis X (SLeX) is a well-documented event during malignant transformation of cancer cells, and largely associates with their invasive and metastatic properties. Glycoproteins and glycolipids are the main carriers of SLeX, whose biosynthesis is known to be performed by different glycosyltransferases, namely by the family of β-galactoside-α2,3-sialyltransferases (ST3Gals). In this study, we sought to elucidate the role of ST3GalIV in the biosynthesis of SLeX and in malignant properties of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer cells. By immunofluorescent screening, we selected SLeX-positive GI cancer cell lines and silenced ST3GalIV expression via CRISPR/Cas9. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis showed that ST3GalIV KO efficiently impaired SLeX expression in most cancer cell lines, with the exception of the colon cancer cell line LS174T. The impact of ST3GalIV KO in the biosynthesis of SLeX isomer SLeA and non sialylated Lewis X and A were also evaluated and overall, ST3GalIV KO led to a decreased expression of SLeA and an increased expression in both LeX and LeA. In addition, the abrogation of SLeX on GI cancer cells led to a reduction in cell motility. Furthermore, ST3GalVI KO was performed in LS174T ST3GalIV KO cells, resulting in the complete abolishment of SLeX expression and consequent reduced motility capacity of those cells. Overall, these findings portray ST3GalIV as the main, but not the only, enzyme driving the biosynthesis of SLeX in GI cancer cells, with a functional impact on cancer cell motility.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":"40 4","pages":"421-433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10335957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10584033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Di Wu, Peng Xu, Meagan Kelly, Edward T Ryan, Pavol Kováč, Grzegorz Piszczek
{"title":"Mass photometry: A powerful tool for carbohydrates-proteins conjugation monitoring and glycoconjugates molecular mass determination.","authors":"Di Wu, Peng Xu, Meagan Kelly, Edward T Ryan, Pavol Kováč, Grzegorz Piszczek","doi":"10.1007/s10719-023-10126-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-023-10126-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycoconjugate vaccines are important additions to the existing means for prevention of diseases caused by bacterial and viral pathogens. Conjugating carbohydrates to proteins is a crucial step in the development of these vaccines. Traditional mass spectrometry techniques, such as MALDI-TOF and SELDI-TOF, have difficulties in detecting glycoconjugates with high molecular masses. Mass photometry (MP) is a single-molecule technique that has been recently developed, which allows mass measurements of individual molecules and generates mass distributions based on hundreds to thousands of these measurements. In this study, we evaluated the performance of MP in monitoring carbohydrate-protein conjugation reactions and characterization of conjugates. Three different glycoconjugates were prepared from carrier protein BSA, and one from a large protein complex, a virus capsid with 3.74 MDa molecular mass. The masses measured by MP were consistent with those obtained by SELDI-TOF-MS and SEC-MALS. The conjugation of BSA dimer to carbohydrate antigen was also successfully characterized. This study shows that the MP technique is a promising alternative to methods developed earlier for monitoring glycoconjugation reactions and characterization of glycoconjugates. It measures intact molecules in solution and it is highly accurate over a wide mass range. MP requires only a very small amount of sample and has no specific buffer constraints. Other MP advantages include minimal cost of consumables and rapid data collection and analysis. Its advantages over other methods make it a valuable tool for researchers in the glycoconjugation field.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":"40 4","pages":"401-412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10374364/pdf/nihms-1914410.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10228308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The generation of 5-N-glycolylneuraminic acid as a consequence of high levels of reactive oxygen species.","authors":"Ruifeng Bai, Jingyi Wang, Inka Brockhausen, Yin Gao","doi":"10.1007/s10719-023-10121-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-023-10121-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), a non-human sialic acid in cancer patients, is currently attributed to the consumption of red meat. Excess dietary red meat has been considered a risk factor causing chronic inflammation and for the development of cancers. However, it remains unknown whether Neu5Gc can be generated via a chemical reaction rather than via a metabolic pathway in the presence of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) found in the inflammatory and tumor environments. In this study, the conversion of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) to Neu5Gc has been assessed in vitro under conditions mimicking the hydroxyl radical-rich humoral environment found in inflammatory and cancerous tissues. As a result, Neu5Gc has been detected via liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Furthermore, this conversion has also been found to take place in serum biomatrix containing ROS and in cancer cell cultures with induced ROS production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":"40 4","pages":"435-448"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10239813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recognition factors of Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) and their accommodation sites.","authors":"Albert M Wu, Anna Dudek, Yung Liang Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10719-023-10118-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-023-10118-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) is one of the well known plant lectins that are widely used in clinical serology to differentiate human blood group A<sub>1</sub> and A<sub>2</sub> erythrocytes and also applied to glycobiology. However, the knowledge of recognition factors of polyvalent (super) glycotopes in glycans and the roles of functional group and epimer in monosaccharide (sub-monosaccharide recognition factor) have not been well established. The size and shape of the recognition (combining) site of DBA has not been clearly defined. In this study, many importnat recognition factors of DBA-glycan binding were characterized by our established enzyme-linked lectinosorbent (ELLSA) and inhibition assays. The results of these assays showed that the intensity profile of the recognition factors for the major combining site of DBA was expressed by Mass relative potency (Mass R.P.) and shown by decreasing order of high density of polyvalent GalNAcα1 → (super glycotopes, 3.7 × 10<sup>3</sup>) >> the corresponding β anomers >> monomeric GalNAcα1 → related glycotopes (GalNAc as 1.0) >> their GalNAc β-anomers >> Gal (absence of NHCH<sub>3</sub>CO at carbon-2 of GAlNAc) and GlcNAc (different epimer of Carbon-4 in GalNAc). From the all data available, it is proposed that the combining site of DBA should consist of a small cavity shape as major site and most complementary to monomeric GalNAcα → located at both terminal reducing end (Tn) and nonreducing end of glycan chains, and with a wide and broad area as subsite to accomodate from mono- to tetra-saccharides (GalNAcβ, Galβ1 → 3/4GlcNAc, lFuc1 → 2Galβ1 → 3/4GlcNAc, GalNAcβ1 → 3Galα1 → 4Galβ1 → 4Glc) at the nonreducing side. In this study, it has provided the most (comprehensive) recognition knowledge of DBA-glycan interactions at the factors of glycotope, super glycotope/sub-monosaccharide levels. Thus, it should expand and upgrade the conventional concept of the combining (recognition) site of DBA since 1980s.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":"40 4","pages":"383-399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10239814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lina Gretenkort, Hauke Thiesler, Herbert Hildebrandt
{"title":"Neuroimmunomodulatory properties of polysialic acid.","authors":"Lina Gretenkort, Hauke Thiesler, Herbert Hildebrandt","doi":"10.1007/s10719-023-10120-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-023-10120-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymeric sialic acid (polysialic acid, polySia) is a remarkable posttranslational modification of only few select proteins. The major, and most prominent polySia protein carrier is the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM. Here, the key functions of polySia are to regulate interactions of NCAM and to balance cellular interactions in brain development and plasticity. During recent years, however, increasing evidence points towards a role of polySia in the modulation of immune responses. These immunomodulatory functions can be mediated by polySia on proteins other than NCAM, presented either on the cell surface or released into the extracellular space. This perspective review summarizes our current knowledge and addresses major open questions on polySia and polySia receptors in modulating innate immune responses in the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":"40 3","pages":"277-294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10202991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9516887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vibrio-binding gangliosides in fish intestinal tracts.","authors":"Makoto Ito, Shinichi Chisada, Naoyuki Matsunaga, Nozomu Okino","doi":"10.1007/s10719-023-10110-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-023-10110-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been clarified that pathogens bind to glycosphingolipid (GSL) receptors in mammals, but there have been very few reports on pathogen-binding GSLs in fish. Vibrios are facultative anaerobic bacteria ubiquitous in marine and brackish environments. They are members of the normal intestinal microflora of healthy fish, but some species can cause a disease called vibriosis in fish and shellfish when the hosts are physiologically or immunologically weakened. The adherence of vibrios to host intestinal tracts is a significant event not only for survival and growth but also in terms of pathogenicity. We show in this mini-review that sialic acid-containing GSLs (gangliosides), GM4 and GM3, are receptors to which vibrios adhere to epithelial cells in the intestinal tract of fish. We also describe the enzymes responsible for synthesizing these Vibrio-binding gangliosides in fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":"40 3","pages":"315-322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9518403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paolo La Rocca, Ivana Lavota, Marco Piccoli, Federica Cirillo, Andrea Ghiroldi, Giuseppe Ciconte, Carlo Pappone, Pietro Allevi, Paola Rota, Luigi Anastasia
{"title":"Analysis of the intramolecular 1,7-lactone of N-acetylneuraminic acid using HPLC-MS: relationship between detection and stability.","authors":"Paolo La Rocca, Ivana Lavota, Marco Piccoli, Federica Cirillo, Andrea Ghiroldi, Giuseppe Ciconte, Carlo Pappone, Pietro Allevi, Paola Rota, Luigi Anastasia","doi":"10.1007/s10719-023-10114-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-023-10114-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A subclass of the sialic acid family consists of intramolecular lactones that may function as key indicators of physiological and pathological states. However, the existence of these compounds in free form is highly improbable, since they are unlikely to exist in an aqueous solution due to their lability. Current analytical method used to detect them in biological fluids has not recognized their reactivity in solution and is prone to misidentification. However, recent advances in synthetic methods for 1,7-lactones have allowed the preparation of these sialic acid derivatives as authentic reference standards. We report here the development of a new HPLC-MS method for the simultaneous detection of the 1,7-lactone of N-acetylneuraminic acid, its γ-lactone derivative, and N-acetylneuraminic acid that overcomes the limitations of the previous analytical procedure for their identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":"40 3","pages":"343-354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10202997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9885323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-Chun Weng, Hung-Lin Chen, Wei-Han Lin, Fu-Tong Liu
{"title":"Sialylation of cell surface glycoconjugates modulates cytosolic galectin-mediated responses upon organelle damage : Minireview.","authors":"I-Chun Weng, Hung-Lin Chen, Wei-Han Lin, Fu-Tong Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10719-023-10112-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-023-10112-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sialylation is an important terminal modification of glycoconjugates that mediate diverse functions in physiology and disease. In this review we focus on how altered cell surface sialylation status is sensed by cytosolic galectins when the integrity of intracellular vesicles or organelles is compromised to expose luminal glycans to the cytosolic milieu, and how this impacts galectin-mediated cellular responses. In addition, we discuss the roles of mammalian sialidases on the cell surface, in the organelle lumen and cytosol, and raise the possibility that intracellular glycan processing may be critical in controlling various galectin-mediated responses when cells encounter stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":"40 3","pages":"295-303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9515882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recently developed glycosphingolipid probes and their dynamic behavior in cell plasma membranes as revealed by single-molecule imaging.","authors":"Kenichi G N Suzuki, Naoko Komura, Hiromune Ando","doi":"10.1007/s10719-023-10116-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-023-10116-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycosphingolipids, including gangliosides, are representative lipid raft markers that perform a variety of physiological roles in cell membranes. However, studies aimed at revealing their dynamic behavior in living cells are rare, mostly due to a lack of suitable fluorescent probes. Recently, the ganglio-series, lacto-series, and globo-series glycosphingolipid probes, which mimic the behavior of the parental molecules in terms of partitioning to the raft fraction, were developed by conjugating hydrophilic dyes to the terminal glycans of glycosphingolipids using state-of-art entirely chemical-based synthetic techniques. High-speed, single-molecule observation of these fluorescent probes revealed that gangliosides were scarcely trapped in small domains (100 nm in diameter) for more than 5 ms in steady-state cells, suggesting that rafts including gangliosides were always moving and very small. Furthermore, dual-color, single-molecule observations clearly showed that homodimers and clusters of GPI-anchored proteins were stabilized by transiently recruiting sphingolipids, including gangliosides, to form homodimer rafts and the cluster rafts, respectively. In this review, we briefly summarize recent studies, the development of a variety of glycosphingolipid probes as well as the identification of the raft structures including gangliosides in living cells by single-molecule imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":"40 3","pages":"305-314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9518978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eisuke Ota, Daiki Takeda, Kana Oonuma, Marie Kato, Hiroaki Matoba, Makoto Yoritate, Mikiko Sodeoka, Go Hirai
{"title":"Synthesis and biological activity of ganglioside GM3 analogues with a (S)-CHF-Sialoside linkage and an alkyne tag.","authors":"Eisuke Ota, Daiki Takeda, Kana Oonuma, Marie Kato, Hiroaki Matoba, Makoto Yoritate, Mikiko Sodeoka, Go Hirai","doi":"10.1007/s10719-023-10111-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-023-10111-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The alkyne tag, consisting of only two carbons, is widely used as a bioorthogonal functional group due to its compactness and nonpolar structure, and various probes consisting of lipids bearing an alkyne tag have been developed. Here, we designed and synthesized analogues of ganglioside GM3 bearing an alkyne tag in the fatty acid moiety and evaluated the effect of the alkyne tag on the biological activity. To eliminate the influence of other factors such as degradation of the glycan chain when evaluating biological activity in a cellular environment, we introduced the tag into sialidase-resistant (S)-CHF-linked GM3 analogues developed by our group. The designed analogues were efficiently synthesized by tuning the protecting group of the glucosylsphingosine acceptor. The growth-promoting effect of these analogues on Had-1 cells was dramatically altered depending upon the position of the alkyne tag.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":"40 3","pages":"333-341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9576599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}