GMS Hygiene and Infection Control最新文献

{"title":"Development of morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 in nursing homes for the elderly in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 2020-2022: What protective measures are still required?","authors":"Ursel Heudorf, Eugen Domann, Markus Förner, Sabine Kunz, Leo Latasch, Bernd Trost, Katrin Steul","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nursing-home residents are among the highest risk group in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. At the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the majority of all deaths from or with SARS-CoV-2 occurred in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), so that maximum protective measures were mandated for these facilities. This study analyzed the impact of the new virus variants and the vaccination campaign on disease severity and mortality among nursing home residents and staff through 2022 as a basis for determining which protective measures remain necessary and appropriate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In five homes in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, with a total capacity for 705 residents, all cases occurring in the facility among residents and staff were recorded and documented (date of birth and diagnosis, hospitalization and death, vaccination status) and were descriptively analyzed with SPSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By 31<sup>st</sup> August 2022, 496 residents tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 93 in 2020, 136 in 2021, and 267 in 2022; 14 residents presented with a second SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2022, having previously experienced an infection in 2020 or 2021. The percentage of hospitalizations decreased from 24.7% (2020) and 17.6% (2021) to 7.5% (2022), and the percentage of deaths decreased from 20.4% and 19.1% to 1.5%. In 2021, 61.8% of those infected were vaccinated (at least 2x); in 2022, 86.2% of residents had been vaccinated twice, 84% of whom had already had a booster vaccination. Hospitalization and death rates were significantly higher among the unvaccinated than the vaccinated throughout all years (unvaccinated 21.5% and 18.0%; vaccinated 9.8% and 5.5%; KW test p=0.000). However, this difference was no longer significant under the prevalence of the Omicron variant in 2022 (unvaccinated 8.3% and 0%; p=0.561; vaccinated 7.4% and 1.7%; p=0.604). From 2020 to 2022, 400 employees were documented as infected, with 25 having second infections in 2022. Only one employee showed a second infection in 2021 following the first in 2020. Three employees were hospitalized; no deaths occurred.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>Severe COVID-19 courses occurred with the Wuhan Wild type in 2020, with a high death rate among nursing-home residents. In contrast, during the waves in 2022 with the relatively mildly pathogenic Omicron variant, many infections but few severe courses and deaths were observed among the now mostly vaccinated and boostered nursing-home residents. Given the high immunity of the population and the low pathogenicity of the circulating virus - even in nursing-home residents - protective measures in nursing homes that restrict people's right to self-determination and quality of life no longer seem justified. Instead, the general hygiene rules and the recommendations of the KRINKO (German Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention) on infection prevention should be followed, and the recomme","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc05"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9978453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9100764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excess mortality during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the City of Frankfurt/Main, Germany, in 2020 and 2021, adjusted for age trends and pandemic phases.","authors":"Katrin Steul,&nbsp;Ursel Heudorf,&nbsp;Helmut Uphoff,&nbsp;Bernd Kowall","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Excess mortality during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been studied in many countries. Accounting for population aging has important implications for excess mortality estimates. We show the importance of adjustment for age trends in a small-scale mortality analysis as well as the importance of analysing different pandemic phases for mortality in an urban population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Population data for Frankfurt/Main for 2016-2021 were obtained from the Municipal Office of Statistics, City of Frankfurt/Main. Mortality data from 2016 to 2021 were provided by the Hessian State Authority. For standardized mortality ratios (SMR=observed number of deaths divided by the expected number of deaths), the expected number of deaths was calculated in two ways: For SMR_crude, the mean mortality rate from the years 2016-2019 was multiplied by the total number of residents in 2020 and 2021 separately. For SMR_adjusted, this procedure was performed separately for five age groups, and the numbers of expected deaths per age group were added.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SMR_crude was 1.006 (95% CI: 0.980-1.031) in 2020, and 1.047 (95% CI: 1.021-1.073) in 2021. SMR_adjusted was 0.976 (95% CI: 0.951-1.001) in 2020 and 0.998 (95% CI: 0.973-1.023) in 2021. Excess mortality was observed during pandemic wave 2, but not during pandemic waves 1 and 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taking the aging of the population into account, no excess mortality was observed in Frankfurt/Main in 2020 and 2021. Without adjusting for population aging trends in Frankfurt /Main, mortality would have been greatly overestimated.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc08"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10227495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9922676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S2k-Guideline SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and (early) rehabilitation - a consensus-based guideline for Germany.","authors":"Thomas Platz,&nbsp;Peter Berlit,&nbsp;Christian Dohle,&nbsp;Helmut Fickenscher,&nbsp;Manju Guha,&nbsp;Volker Köllner,&nbsp;Axel Kramer,&nbsp;Rembert Koczulla,&nbsp;Axel Schlitt","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The consensus-based guideline \"SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and (early) rehabilitation\" for Germany has two sections: In the first part, the guideline addresses infection protection-related procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the second part, it provides practice recommendations for rehabilitation after COVID-19. The specific recommendations for rehabilitation after COVID-19 as issued by 13 German medical societies and two patient-representative organizations are presented together with general background information for their development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10227492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9922675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic prescribing practices for prophylaxis and therapy of oral/dental infections in pediatric patients - results of a cross-sectional study in Turkey.","authors":"Belen Sirinoglu Capan,&nbsp;Canan Duman,&nbsp;Elif Ece Kalaoglu","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Antibiotics are often prescribed for the treatment of various infections and prophylactic purposes in dental practice. Their improper use can cause microbial resistance to antibiotics, which poses a world-wide threat. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of dentists and dentistry students about antibiotic prescription practices for prophylaxis and the treatment of dental infections in pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire was e-mailed to 2,100 dentists and 300 senior dentistry students. The questionnaire was filled out by the participants within a 2-month period (May-June 2020). A 30-point scoring system was developed to assess the knowledge levels of the dentists according to the guidelines. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed. One-way ANOVA test and the Chi-Squared test were used to compare qualitative variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The response rate was found to be 24.2% for dentists and 49% for senior dentistry students. 19.4% of the participants were found to be moderately knowledgeable and 80.6% of them were highly knowledgeable. Students' knowledge scores were found to be higher than the general dentists and other specialists (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between students and pedodontists.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dentists were found to have sufficient knowledge about the usage of antibiotics in children, but there is still a lack of information about circumstances under which antibiotics should not be prescribed. Dentists and dentistry students should attend continuing education programs to keep their information up-to-date and should also prescribe antibiotics in adherence with the current guidelines to prevent antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10227498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9939413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three steps to reduction surgical site infection: presentation of a comprehensive model.","authors":"Saeid Amini Rarani,&nbsp;Axel Kramer","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To prevent surgical site infections (SSIs), a three-step model is proposed, which integrates perioperative measures, multidisciplinary collaboration, and continuous quality improvement (CQI) initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10486815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10225198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute care surgery model in the COVID-19 pandemic era.","authors":"Nader Aghakhani,&nbsp;Bahman Alinezhad,&nbsp;Mehdi Azami,&nbsp;Saied Amini Rarani","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000442","url":null,"abstract":"Dear editor, The COVID-19 global pandemic caused interruptions in the admission of patients to the emergency unit and a reduction in the incidence of optional surgeries, having a substantial effect on surgical practice. On the other hand, the effects of COVID-19 on surgical professional problems, including the danger of intraoperative viral transmission, illness among health-care staff, and other influences on surgical training, have been discussed many times [1]. The current need for ventilators, staff, and space is a limiting factor for the deployment of surgical resources during the pandemic training, to the point where the provision of essential surgery is being compromised in multiple areas, such as operating rooms, the number of surgeons, and operating staff.Aroung the world, many people who are suffering from surgical complaints are affected both immediately and over time by the strain these limitations impose on the system [2]. Patients should be thoroughly observed after surgery, since there are signs that undetected COVID-19 may make recovery more complicated. Pulmonary complica-","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10486874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10225200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Candida auris: a novel emerging nosocomial pathogen - properties, epidemiological situation and infection control.","authors":"Marcelo Caliman Sato,&nbsp;Emilene Cristine Izu Nakamura Pietro,&nbsp;Lucas Marques da Costa Alves,&nbsp;Axel Kramer,&nbsp;Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunosuppression and critical illnesses in combination with ecological imbalance open the door for novel opportunistic fungal infections, as in case of <i>Candida (C). auris</i>. <i>C. auris</i> has emerged globally as a multidrug-resistant yeast, causing infections and outbreaks in health care facilities. This narrative review discusses the properties of the yeast, the development of the epidemiological situation, the nosocomial spread and causes for nosocomial outbreaks triggered by <i>C. auris</i> in the hospital environment, and summarizes international recommendations for infection control, supplemented by suggestions on diagnostic, screening and antibiotic stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10486814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10220034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial efficacy, mode of action and in vivo use of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) for prevention or therapeutic support of infections.","authors":"Dirk Boecker,&nbsp;Zhentian Zhang,&nbsp;Roland Breves,&nbsp;Felix Herth,&nbsp;Axel Kramer,&nbsp;Clemens Bulitta","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the rapidly developing field of the current state of research on <i>in vivo</i> use of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to aid infection prevention and control, including naso-pharyngeal, alveolar, topical, and systemic HOCl applications. Also, examples are provided of dedicated applications in COVID-19. A brief background of HOCl's biological and chemical specifics and its physiological role in the innate immune system is provided to understand the effect of <i>in vivo</i> applications in the context of the body's own physiological defense mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc07"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10073986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9273559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid-19 vaccination acceptance and hesitancy among the Turkish adult population.","authors":"Sükran Köse,&nbsp;Aliye Mandiracioglu,&nbsp;Yusuf Özbel,&nbsp;Seheray Zeyrek,&nbsp;Didem Dereli Akdeniz,&nbsp;Hossein Samadi Kafil","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine the acceptance of Covid-19 vaccine among the Turkish adult population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 2023 persons participated in this cross-sectional study between October 2020 and January 2021. The questionnaire, which was delivered via social media, was filled out by the participants over \"Google Forms\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Questionnaire results showed that 68.7% of the participants might agree to vaccinated against COVID-19. According to univariate analysis, the age group of 50-59, urban residents, healthcare workers, non-smokers, and those with chronic diseases, those who were vaccinated against influenza, pneumonia, and tetanus were all willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is very important to determine a community's willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 so that interventions can be made to solve related problems. Risk of exposure and importance of Prevention play a critical role in vaccination acceptance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc01"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9978452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9395427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Good handling practice of parenterally administered medicines in neonatal intensive care units - position paper of an interdisciplinary working group.","authors":"Irene Krämer,&nbsp;Rangmar Goelz,&nbsp;Christian Gille,&nbsp;Christoph Härtel,&nbsp;Rachel Müller,&nbsp;Thorsten Orlikowsky,&nbsp;Brar Piening,&nbsp;Sebastian Schubert,&nbsp;Arne Simon,&nbsp;Katharina Wolf,&nbsp;Bianka Rösner,&nbsp;Martin Exner","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This position paper, developed by an interdisciplinary expert group of neonatologists, paediatric infectious disease physicians, clinical pharmacists and specialists for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections, describes the \"Good handling practice of medicines parenterally administered to patients on NICUs\". It takes equal account of patient safety and the specialties of neonatal intensive care regarding feasibility and proportionality. The overall concept is perceived as a \"learning system\", in which open communication within the health-care team relating to medication errors and critical incidents enables continuous development and improvement to ensure patient safety. In our opinion, pharmacists, who are responsible for the supply of ready-to-administer parenteral medicinal products for neonatal intensive care patients, as well as the hygiene staff responsible on site are integral parts of the interdisciplinary treatment team. Risks of the current clinical practice of parenteral treatment of NICU patients are discussed in detail and recommendations for safety-relevant procedures are given.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10227494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9939406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}