GMS Hygiene and Infection Control最新文献

{"title":"A comprehensive review on the epidemiology of arboviruses in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO): insights from the WHO's Regional Office.","authors":"Iman Owliaee, Mehran Khaledian, Ali Shojaeian, Farid Azizi Jalilian","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000563","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) pose an ongoing public health threat in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO) of the World Health Organization. This review summarizes the epidemiology of major arboviruses - including Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), West Nile virus (WNV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) in EMRO countries based on data from 2014-2023. Reported prevalence rates varied considerably between studies and countries, indicating localized transmission intensity. Overall, serological evidence confirms endemic circulation of CCHFV, CHIKV, DENV, and WNV in parts of the region. Large DENV outbreaks highlight it as a key concern. More systematic surveillance and standardized diagnostics are needed to characterize arbovirus epidemiology across the region and inform control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"20 ","pages":"Doc34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12248250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and prospects for treatment strategies of drug-resistant tuberculosis: a review.","authors":"Maciej Michalik, Tomasz Lorenc, Krzysztof Marcinkowski, Mateusz Muras, Natalia Mikszta, Jakub Mikszta, Karolina Kantor, Julia Marcinkowska","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000562","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a significant global health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries with limited access to quality healthcare. By 2023, 10% of global tuberculosis cases were classified as drug-resistant, with multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) showing increasing prevalence. The treatment of DR-TB has been complicated by long regimens, severe side effects and high overall costs, which contribute to non-adherence and treatment failures. Novel pharmacological agents including bedaquiline, linezolid, meropenem and more, have shown promise in improving treatment outcomes, shortening therapy duration, and enhancing patient compliance. These drugs have demonstrated effectiveness in both MDR-TB and XDR-TB cases, particularly when used in combination therapies as BPaLM (the combination of bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid and moxifloxacin). However, challenges remain, including limited access to drugs, diagnostic tools, and healthcare infrastructure, particularly in high-burden regions. Although regimens incorporating these agents offer improved treatment success rates, they require careful monitoring due to potential side effects and the risk of resistance. Future research should focus on refining these regimens, optimizing drug use for resource-limited settings, and addressing logistical and economic barriers to ensure more effective and accessible treatment. The ultimate goal is to reduce the global burden of DR-TB and improve outcomes for affected populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"20 ","pages":"Doc33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12248249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How often do surgery patients arrive in the operating room \"sufficiently clean\" for incision? A survey in a tertiary-care teaching hospital in France.","authors":"Marion Lefebvre, Mélanie Consiglio Lefebvre, Sophie Notin-Coutant, Hélène Marini, Véronique Merle","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000561","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The preoperative shower (POS) is strongly recommended in skin preparation before surgery, to remove skin soiling and facilitate the antisepsis of the incision site. The effectiveness of POS to achieve clean skin in routine practice has not been studied in literature. This study aimed to determine how often the operating room (OR) nurse assessed the skin of surgical patients at arrival in the OR as \"not adequately clean\".</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This descriptive survey was carried out in January 2024 in a university hospital in France. An investigator documented patient's age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), the day of surgery, type of surgical procedure, whether it was scheduled or unscheduled, and the site of the site. The patient was asked whether s/he had taken a POS, and its time and place (home or hospital). The OR nurse was asked by the investigator about her assessment of the patient's skin cleanliness (adequate or inadequate), and in case of skin cleanliness deemed unsatisfactory, what decision had been made: proceed as usual, additional skin cleaning in the operating room, postponement of the surgical procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 100 patients included in the study, 18% (95% CI 10.5-25.5%) had a skin cleanliness that was considered unsatisfactory. A scheduled procedure was the sole parameter significantly associated with satisfactory skin cleanliness as compared to unscheduled procedures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the POS, approximately one-fifth of patients had inadequate skin cleanliness upon arrival in the OR, highlighting an essential area for improvement of preoperative preparation of the surgical field, especially in clean surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"20 ","pages":"Doc32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12248243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From access to reserve: antimicrobial resistance among etiological agents of central line-associated bloodstream infections in the view of WHO's AWaRe antimicrobial spectrum.","authors":"Gargee Anand, Rijhul Lahariya, Ketan Priyadarshi, Asim Sarfraz","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000559","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) remain a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) exacerbates treatment challenges, making it crucial to examine pathogen resistance patterns. This study analyses CLABSI-associated pathogens' antimicrobial susceptibility using the WHO's AWaRe antimicrobial framework, providing insights to guide targeted treatment and strengthen infection control strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study (2021-2024) assessed data from adult and pediatric ICUs to evaluate CLABSI incidence, microbial etiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility trends. We categorized antimicrobials based on the WHO's AWaRe classification system, analysing their susceptibility to Access, Watch, and Reserve antimicrobials. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 5,398 patient records, 101 cases of CLABSI were confirmed. The predominant pathogens were <i>Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae</i> (27.7%), <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. (19.8%), and <i>Candida</i> spp. (17.8%). A worrying decline in susceptibility to Access- and Watch-category antimicrobials was observed in key pathogens. <i>K. pneumoniae</i> demonstrated a steep decline in susceptibility to Access-category agents, from 27.8% in 2021 to 16.7% in 2023. Conversely, Reserve-category antimicrobials maintained 100% efficacy across the study period. <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. exhibited resistance to both Access- and Watch-category antimicrobials by 2024. <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> showed a drastic drop in Watch-category susceptibility, from 44.5% in 2021 to 0% in 2023, while Reserve-agents remained effective. These results underline the growing reliance on Reserve antimicrobials and the diminishing effectiveness of first-line agents. Furthermore, a fluctuation in CLABSI rates was also observed, with a significant reduction in infection rates in 2024 after the implementation of enhanced infection control practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the escalating resistance patterns of CLABSI pathogens, with a consternating decline in Access- and Watch-category antimicrobial efficacy. The AWaRe framework proves invaluable in identifying critical resistance trends, demonstrating the need for targeted antimicrobial stewardship. Prioritizing Access antimicrobials as first-line therapies, guided by local resistance data, can preserve the effectiveness of Reserve agents. A strategic focus on the AWaRe classification, coupled with rigorous infection control and stewardship programs, is essential to combat the rising AMR threat and optimize patient outcomes in critical care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"20 ","pages":"Doc30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12248246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of the mouth and jaw area in dermatological diseases.","authors":"Vasudevi Ramiah, Shenbaga Lalitha Sankar, Karthik Shunmugavelu, Sajid Tajamul Hussain, Manju Palanisamy Sadasivam, Shyam Sundar Behura","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000560","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The oral cavity can be affected by a variety of disorders, and many systemic disorders have wide range of manifestations in the oral cavity. Oral mucosal lesions can be early manifestations of the disease or the only symptom of dermatological diseases; therefore no symptom or sign in the oral cavity should be neglected.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>1,131 patients who came to the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology department for various dermatological treatments were included. The demographic details were obtained from each patient and a thorough dermatological examination was done. On examining the oral cavity, the size and the site of any lesions were noted. The results were entered in SPSS version 21 and descriptive statistics calculated (p<0.05 was considered statistically significant).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1,131 patients, 237 patients had both with dermatological and oral mucosal lesions. Psoriasis (44.3%) was most frequently accompanied by lesions of the oral mucosa, followed by pemphigus (31.2%) and bullous pemphigoid (10.1%). The most common site of involvement in the oral cavity was the palate (38.3%). Patients in the age group of 25-50 years (76%) were affected more than the other age groups. Male (49.7%) and female (50.3%) patients were equally affected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diagnosing oral lesions in dermatology practice and mucocutaneous lesions in dental practice can play a pivotal role in patient management. Thus, comprehensive knowledge is necessary to diagnose these cases in dental and dermatology practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"20 ","pages":"Doc31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12248244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obliteration of oral and maxillofacial region by SARS-CoV-2 infection.","authors":"Karthik Shunmugavelu, Jayakanthan Saravanan","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000558","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 present as fever, cough, dyspnea, and pneumonia. The infection causes orofacial manifestations in several cases but seems to be underreported, mainly due to the lack of oral examination of patients with suspected and/or confirmed COVID-19. Described are COVID-19- related oral lesions that can be the first and/or the unique manifestation of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"20 ","pages":"Doc29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12248245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer: an immunoinformatic approach.","authors":"Ali Shojaeian, Samira Sanami, Shahab Mahmoudvand, Razieh Amini, Abbas Alibakhshi","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000556","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric cancer and peptic ulcers can both be caused by <i>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)</i>. The complexity of such a bacterium has made it difficult to develop an effective treatment. Thus, a computational approach to developing antigenicity, stability, and safety in vaccines against this pathogen will aid in the management of related diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This investigation chose two <i>H. pylori</i> proteins, SabA and BabA, as epitope prediction targets, and an immunoinformatics platform was used to create a subunit vaccine against <i>H. pylori</i>. The best helper T-lymphocyte (HTLs) along with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTLs) epitopes were chosen according to antigenicity, toxicity and allergenicity. The chosen epitopes, suitable linkers, and adjuvants were combined for creating a final vaccine design. The antigenicity, allergenicity, and physicochemical traits of the vaccine were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 3D structure of the multi-epitope vaccine was successfully predicted. The results of molecular docking analysis along with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on the multi-epitope vaccine and immune receptors complex showed the structure has appropriate interaction energy between its two components and good stability. The vaccine candidate was cloned in silico in the pET28a (+) vector successfully in a suitable site.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that final vaccine design would work well as an effective prophylactic vaccine against <i>H. pylori</i>. To evaluate vaccine efficacy against the aforementioned bacteria, <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> trials are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"20 ","pages":"Doc27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12248002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 control measures implemented by dentists in a northwestern municipality of São Paulo, Brazil.","authors":"Renan Lemos Silva, Monica Moreno Carvalho, Luciana Estevam Simonato","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000557","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges to public health, necessitating strict biosafety measures to mitigate virus transmission. In the dental field, professionals faced heightened risks due to direct contact with aerosols and bodily fluids during clinical procedures. This study aimed to analyze the control measures adopted in 2020 by dental surgeons in the municipality of Fernandópolis, located in northwestern São Paulo State, Brazil, focusing on the adequacy of biosafety practices in Basic Health Units (UBS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found high adherence to the use of personal protective equipment, such as N95 masks, face shields, and disposable medical gowns, alongside rigorous hand-hygiene practices. However, initial difficulties in accessing supplies and raising patient awareness about preventive measures were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although dental surgeons implemented effective measures to minimize contamination risks, continuous training and awareness strategies remain essential to enhance protection in dental settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"20 ","pages":"Doc28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive approach to preventing leishmaniasis in adults with nephropathy: a crucial imperative.","authors":"Nader Aghakhani, Mehdi Azami, Mohammad Ali Mohaghegh","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000555","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000555","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"20 ","pages":"Doc26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety, cost and environmental impact of reprocessing high risk single-use medical devices: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Niamh McGrath, Catherine Waldron, Ailish Farragher, Cathal Walsh, Julie Polisena","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000554","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To estimate the safety, financial and environmental effects of reprocessing high risk SUMDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022365642) of primary trial and observational studies of human participants receiving reprocessed high risk SUMDs compared with first use of identical SUMDs. Reprocessing was defined as cleaning, disinfection, and sterilisation or related procedures, and function and safety testing. Items were sourced via database, grey literature and supplemental searching of English and German language sources. Included studies were quality appraised and primary outcomes (direct patient safety; indirect financial costs; environmental impacts) GRADE (Grade of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) assessed. Narrative synthesis and where feasible, meta-analysis were undertaken.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten studies (N=2,657 participants) examined two implantable (pacemaker, defibrillator) and three catheterisation (electrophysiology polyurethane, ablation and balloon) devices. Safety outcomes were available for both device types and cost outcomes were available for catheterisation devices. Except for one older study, there were no statistically significant differences in the odds of examined safety outcomes between new and once reprocessed SUMDs. Meta-analysis of catheterisation devices resulted in similar results (Infections: OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.37-1.20, <i>p</i>=0.18; Battery depletion: OR=0.2.29, 95% CI: 0.83-6.31, <i>p</i>=0.11). One study of balloon catheterisation devices which accounted for indirect costs reported savings of CAN$ 129 per patient. The certainty of evidence, using the GRADE assessment, for each outcome was very low.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found no evidence of additional adverse safety outcomes for once reprocessed cardiac catheterisation or implantable cardiac SUMDs. However, our confidence that the same findings would be observed in future studies is very low. There was insufficient evidence to establish the cost-effectiveness or environmental impacts of reusing cardiac catheterisation or implantable SUMDs. High-quality randomised controlled trials, analyses of national device reprocessing surveillance systems, cost-effectiveness studies, and life cycle assessments are required in order to facilitate better comparison across devices and reprocessing contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"20 ","pages":"Doc25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12248001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}