GMS Hygiene and Infection Control最新文献

{"title":"Hygiene requirements for cleaning and disinfection of surfaces: recommendation of the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (KRINKO) at the Robert Koch Institute.","authors":"","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This recommendation of the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (KRINKO) addresses not only hospitals, but also outpatient health care facilities and compiles current evidence. The following criteria are the basis for the indications for cleaning and disinfection: Infectious bioburden and tenacity of potential pathogens on surfaces and their transmission routes, influence of disinfecting surface cleaning on the rate of nosocomial infections, interruption of cross infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms, and outbreak control by disinfecting cleaning within bundles. The criteria for the selection of disinfectants are determined by the requirements for effectiveness, the efficacy spectrum, the compatibility for humans and the environment, as well as the risk potential for the development of tolerance and resistance. Detailed instructions on the organization and implementation of cleaning and disinfection measures, including structural and equipment requirements, serve as the basis for their implementation. Since the agents for surface disinfection and disinfecting surface cleaning have been classified as biocides in Europe since 2013, the regulatory consequences are explained. As possible addition to surface disinfection, probiotic cleaning, is pointed out. In an informative appendix (only in German), the pathogen characteristics for their acquisition of surfaces, such as tenacity, infectious dose and biofilm formation, and the toxicological and ecotoxicological characteristics of microbicidal agents as the basis for their selection are explained, and methods for the evaluation of the resulting quality of cleaning or disinfecting surface cleaning are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"19 ","pages":"Doc13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11035912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in dental healthcare workers - a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Kira Marie Schwarz, Albert Nienhaus, Roland Diel","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mounting evidence supports an association between the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the risk of infection from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in dental healthcare workers (DCW). However, the prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the setting of dental care remains poorly characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published prior to Mai 2023 providing epidemiological data for the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in DCW was performed. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled estimates and odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The associated factors were narratively evaluated. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for prevalence studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-nine eligible studies were identified including a total of 85,274 DCW at risk; 27 studies met the criteria for the meta-analysis. Among the included DCW, the overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 11.8% (13,155/85,274; 95%CI, 7.5%-17%), whereby the degree of heterogeneity between the studies was considerable (I²=99.7%). The pooled prevalence rate for dentists and dental hygienists alone was 12.7% (1943/20,860; 95%CI, 8.0%-18.0%), showing significantly increased odds of contracting a SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to dental assistant personnel, the prevalence rate for which was less than half, at 5.2% (613/15,066; OR=2.42; 95% CI, 2.2-2.7). In the subgroup of 17 studies from countries with high income there was a significantly lower prevalence rate of 7.3% (95% CI, 5%-10%) in DCW compared to the prevalence rate in low- and middle-income countries, which came to 20.8% (95% CI, 14%-29%; p<0.001). In 19 out of the 29 studies (65.5%), specific information on the use of and adherence to PPE was absent while in the reports with concrete figures the wearing of N95 (or at least surgical masks) by DCW appeared to be associated with lower SARS-CoV-2 prevalence rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DCW were, depending in each case on their proximity to patients, at particular risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Until a significant level of vaccination protection against newer SARS-CoV-2 variants can be built up in the population, dental healthcare facilities should further maintain their focus on using PPE according to current guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"19 ","pages":"Doc09"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11035909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of phthalocyanine-derived mouthwash as a protective factor for COVID-19: a community trial.","authors":"Verônica Caroline Brito Reia, Fabiano Vieira Vilhena, Heitor Marques Honório, Lucas Marques da Costa Alves, Roosevelt da Silva Bastos, Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>In a population profile corrected for sociodemographic factors, the aim of this study was to examine sociodemographic the protective effect of a phthalocyanine-derived mouthwash (APD) before infection with SARS-CoV-2, in addition to analyzing the survival of the at-risk population and the confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For individuals from the Uru municipality, a structured questionnaire consisting of two parts was completed before the distribution of APD. Subsequently, subjects received two bottles containing 600 mL of APD and were instructed to rinse/gargle with 3 mL of the solution 3 to 5 times per day for 1 min for 2 months. Data were obtained from the electronic system of the municipal health center, organized in a spreadsheet, and analyzed using multiple linear regression and Cox regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 995 participants with the following sociodemographic data: 98/995 individuals (p<0.002) who did not complete high school used the APD 66.30 times more than did individuals with higher education. The results in terms of survival were meaningful in relation to the duration of APD use. The protective factor for COVID-19 was 14.1%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Daily use of a solution containing phthalocyanine derivatives provided a higher protection factor against COVID-19 infection, predominantly in individuals without a school-completion certificate.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"19 ","pages":"Doc05"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10949082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140174192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering, feasibility, and safety of force-controlled oropharyngeal swabs with a 3D-printed feedback system FCCSS (force controlled COVID-19 swab study) - a preliminary study.","authors":"Peter Melcher, Florian Metzner, Stefan Schleifenbaum, Toni Wendler, Paul Rahden, Corinna Pietsch, Pierre Hepp, Ralf Henkelmann","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Errors in laboratory diagnostics of viral infections primarily occur during the preanalytical phase, which is especially observed in sample collection. Hitherto, no efforts have been made to optimize oropharyngeal smears. An accurate method to analyze the necessary conditions for a valid oropharyngeal smear test is required, especially to avoid false negative results, which can lead to promotion of the spread of viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. In this study, a maximum-force failure analysis was performed on a swab, and the highest tolerable force was then measured on 20 healthy volunteers to obtain the dimensions of the possible force to be applied on a swab. Subsequently, a device which can validate and reproducibly indicate this force during swab collection was developed. The study demonstrated that swabs generally fail at a maximum force of 5 N. Furthermore, an average force of 2.4±1.0 N was observed for the 20 volunteers. Lastly, this study described the development of a device which presents the selected force with a mean accuracy of 0.05 N (Force applied by Device 1: 0.46±0.05 N, Device 2: 1.55±0.11 N, Device 3: 2.57±0.18 N) and provides feedback via haptic and acoustic clicks as well as with a visual indicator. In the future, the swab will be analyzed for the presence of viral pathogens to determine its diagnostic performance corresponding to the force (German Clinical Trials Register Number 00024455).</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"19 ","pages":"Doc06"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10949076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140174251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical symptoms, pathogenesis and postoperative course of non-specific constrictive pericarditis with dumbbell-shaped heart.","authors":"Feridoun Sabzi, Reza Faraji, Saeed Khoshnood","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-specific chronic constrictive pericarditis is a rare and debilitating chronic infection in developed countries and its rapid diagnosis and treatment has not affected its outcome and complication. A 15-year-old male, well nourished, negative HIV test, and without a history of previous pulmonary tuberculosis, was admitted to our hospital for exertional dyspnea (New York Heart Association, NYHA, functional class II). Our patient had had no pulmonary tuberculosis during childhood, had received anti-tuberculosis treatment, and was referred to our center for further surgical pericardiectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"19 ","pages":"Doc08"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10949077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140174250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay be used as an indicator for hospital cleaning? - A pilot study.","authors":"Valerie Niephaus, Nina Parohl, Sabine Heiligtag, Henning Reuter, Reiner Hackler, Walter Popp","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In hospital cleaning, there is currently no standard for uniform monitoring of surface cleaning, either in Germany or internationally. One possibility for monitoring is the use of so-called objective methods for checking cleaning performance (e.g. fluorescence or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) method).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study was to monitor and evaluate the implementation of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay as a cleaning indicator in everyday hospital cleaning, in order to verify its utility and effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In three phases, five frequently touched surfaces were examined with the ATP bioluminescence assay at different time points. 846 measurements were performed on the dermatology ward of a university hospital (phase 1), 1,350 measurements were performed on five different wards of the university hospital (phase 2), and 1,044 measurements were performed on five wards of another large hospital (phase 3). For this purpose, one structurally old and one structurally new ward as well as an intensive care unit (ICU), an outpatient clinic and a radiology department were selected for phases 2 and 3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With the ATP bioluminescence method, we were able to demonstrate a reduction in values after cleaning: before cleaning mean of ATP, 907 relative light units (RLU) (95% confidence interval [CI] 777; 1,038); after cleaning mean=286 RLU (CI=233; 495) (phase 1) and by intervention (five hours after daily cleaning mean=360 RLU (CI=303; 428); five hours after daily cleaning and two additional cleanings mean=128 RLU (CI=107; 152) (phase 3). The ATP values increased five hours after cleaning in phases 1 and 2, and eight hours after cleaning in phase 3. The structurally old wards had the highest ATP content, the ICU and the radiology department, among others, the lowest. In all phases, door handles showed both a reduction after cleaning or intervention and a subsequent increase in ATP values. Chair armrests, examination tables and door handles had high ATP values overall.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study shows ward differences both for cleaning effects and for the soiling characteristics of surfaces during the course of the day. In addition, it demonstrates the benefit of intermediate cleaning twice a day. It is noteworthy that structurally old stations and older inventory were more heavily soiled and, in some cases, more difficult to clean. The results show that the ATP bioluminescence method is suitable for detecting cleaning effects and can be used in everyday clinical practice for simple cleaning monitoring. Furthermore, it enables the detection of risk surfaces and easy-to-clean surfaces with significant re-soiling.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"19 ","pages":"Doc07"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10949084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140174249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in a geriatric acute-care ward during summer 2023: current aspects of infection control in the postpandemic period.","authors":"Bettina Lange, Gracinda Mesquita, Heinrich Burkhardt, Marlis Gerigk, Alexandra Heininger","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Management of a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in geriatric patients, taking into account the transition to the post-pandemic period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PCR tests were conducted to identify the scale of infection during the outbreak; no new patients were admitted to the ward until the availability of the PCR results. Based on the results and individual risk assessment, three cohorts were formed and treated as recommended by the RKI. After terminating the admissions stop, new admissions received PCR screening. Contact patients were retested on days 3 and 5. Employees carried out self-monitoring, and if symptoms developed, an antigen test was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine of the 11 PCR-positive patients (6m, 5f), median age 85 years, were immunized. Eight patients were symptomatic, ten received antiviral therapy and two required intensive care. Three symptomatic employees had a positive antigen test. Patients without direct contact to the positive cases who initially tested negative and the 16 new admissions with a negative PCR test did not contract COVID-19. Outbreak management ended after 15 days without deaths from COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the outbreak, PCR screening, the temporary stop in new admission until the availability of PCR results, and the risk-adapted cohorting of patients supplemented by consistent PCR tests of new admissions formed the basis for successful outbreak management. Treatment can be made possible despite high vulnerability. Close symptom monitoring and rapid implementation of measures reduce the risk. Repeated PCRs of direct-contact patients on day 3 can warrant pre-emptive antiviral therapy despite being asymptomatic; testing on day 5 makes it possible to shorten preventive isolation measures. The use of protective masks and self-monitoring by employees are fundamental to preventing further infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"19 ","pages":"Doc02"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10884829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral foci of infection in pediatric population during COVID-19 omicron pandemic era.","authors":"Manikandan Gunasekaran, Karthik Shunmugavelu, Kavitha Ponnusamy, Aditya Shinde, Selvam Azhagarsamy, Shobana Murali","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caries is a multifactorial disease that involves a majority of the pediatric population. If not diagnosed and treated, it can lead to severe consequences affecting the permanent dentition. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of oral foci of infection in a multispeciality hospital during pandemic in Chennai, South India. Majority of the patients examined had caries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"19 ","pages":"Doc01"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10884828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the coverage and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccination program at the community level in children aged 12 to 17 in Tehran.","authors":"Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei, Delara Babaie, Seyedeh Mahsan Hoseini-Alfatemi, Ahmadreza Shamshiri, Abdollah Karimi","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The vaccination is one of the acceptable and recomended solution to prevent and control of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of sinopharm vaccination in children aged 12-17 in Tehran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The case population study was performed from October 2021 to March 2022 among 1,500 children with positive PCR test reffered in Mofid Children's Hospital in Tehran. 64 children aged 12-17 years were included. The data were collected by the hospital information system (HIS), vaccination information registration systems and questionnaire with their families. The coverage and efficacy of vaccination determined with equels commented by WHO.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 64 children, 52 children were 12 to 15 years old (13.35±1.08), 12 children were 16 to 17 years old (16.55±0.52). 48.4% had received two doses of vaccine. The highest rate of positive PCR was observed in February 2022. Sinopharm vaccine coverage in this age group was 93.6% for the first dose and 81.1% for the second dose. Based on this information, 48.4% children in this study have received two complete doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. The efficacy of the vaccine was estimated as 94.4% (95% CI 90.2 to 97.7).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It seems the coverage of Sinopharm vaccination in the age group of 12-17 years in Tehran is favorable and has high efficacy in this age group. In order to obtain more accurate and comprehensive estimation, it is recommended to take a sample on a wider level of the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"19 ","pages":"Doc04"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10884833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a microscale quantitative suspension test to determine the bactericidal and yeasticidal activity of glutaral - one step to improve sustainability in disinfectant testing.","authors":"Jürgen Gebel, Marvin Rausch, Katja Bienentreu, Felix Droop, Maren Eggers, Lea Gebel, Stefanie Gemein, Britt Hornei, Carola Ilschner, Anja Jacobshagen, Günter Kampf, Cihan Papan, Kira Roesch, Luisa Schmitz, Miranda Suchomel, Lutz Vossebein, Nico T Mutters, Martin Exner","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate a newly developed microscale quantitative suspension test compared to the existing standard suspension test using determination of the bactericidal and yeasticidal activity of glutaral as one step to improve the sustainability of disinfectant testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The testing principles of the quantitative suspension test according to VAH method 9 (comparable to EN 13727) was used as a standard suspension test using 8.0 mL product test solution, 1.0 mL organic load and 1.0 mL test suspension. In addition, a micro-scale suspension test was performed in 96-well plates with 160 µL product test solution, 20 µL organic load and 20 µL test suspension. <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 6538, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> ATCC 15442 and <i>C. albicans</i> ATCC 10231 were test organisms. Glutaral was tested at concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% with exposure times of 1, 5 and 15 min. Polysorbate 80 (30 g/L), lecithin (9 g/L), L-histidine (1 g/L) and glycine (10 g/L) were used as validated neutralizers. After serial dilution of the disinfectant-neutralizer-mixture, plates were incubated for 48 h at 36°C (bacteria) or 72 hours at 30°C (<i>C. albicans</i>) and colony forming units (cfu) counted. The lg reduction was calculated as the difference between the results of the water control and the disinfectant at the end of the exposure time. All experiments were done in triplicate under clean conditions. Means of lg reduction were compared with the unpaired t-test, p<0.05 was considered to be significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sufficient bactericidal activity according the VAH test requirements of at least 5 lg was found with both methods in 16 data sets of 24 data sets in total, and insufficient bactericidal activity of less than 5 lg was found with both methods in 7 data sets. In one data set, the mean lg reduction was above 5 lg with the microscale method and <5 lg with the VAH method, with no significant difference between the data sets (p=0.3096; 0.2% glutaral, 1 min, <i>P. aeruginosa</i>). A sufficient yeasticidal activity of at least 4 lg was found with both methods in one data set, an insufficient yeasticidal activity of less than 4 lg was found with both methods in 8 data sets. With one exception, no significant differences were detected between the two methods below the efficacy threshold.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The microscale quantitative suspension test proved to provide results similar to those of VAH method 9 when the bactericidal and yeasticidal activity of glutaralwas evaluated, with 32 out of 33 evaluations yielding consistent results in terms of efficacy. Its suitability should be confirmed with additional bacterial species, additional biocidal active substances and in other laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"19 ","pages":"Doc03"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10884837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}