GMS Hygiene and Infection Control最新文献

{"title":"In vitro anti-biofilm properties of the peel of fruite wall of acorn against Streptococcus mutans.","authors":"Zahra Chavak,&nbsp;Nahid Mahdian,&nbsp;Iraj Pakzad,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Soltani,&nbsp;Behzad Badakhsh,&nbsp;Sobhan Ghafourian","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000449","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental caries is a multi-factorial infectious disease. The primary cause is dental plaque, a complex of biofilm. It was postulated that the ethanolic extract of fruite wall of acorn may represent a new substance to prevent caries. Hence, the study was performed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of fruite wall of acorn against biofilm formation by <i>Streptococcus</i> <i>mutans</i>, which is associated with dental plaque. The cytotoxicity of the ethanolic extract was determined against Vero cells resulting in an inhibitory concentration of 50 (IC₅₀) of 55 µg/ml. After bacterial collection, different concentrations under the IC₅₀ from the extract were evaluated against biofilm formation of <i>S. mutans</i>. 3 µg/ml of the extract inhibited the biofilm formation of <i>S. mutans</i>, and 1 to 3 µg/ml caused a decrease in <i>gtfB</i> and <i>brpA</i> biofilm-production genes. This study showed the potency of the ethanolic extract of fruite wall of acorn against biofilm formation by <i>S. mutans</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10566014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41198858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 research in South Asia: a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most-cited articles.","authors":"Bisal Naseer,&nbsp;Mohsan Ali,&nbsp;Neha Azhar","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000448","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the surge in the number of infected individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was also a surge observed in the number of publications discussing its epidemiology, characteristics, path-o-phys-i-ol-o-gy, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. This bibliometric analysis focuses on the papers published on COVID-19 in South Asia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched articles in the Scopus database from December 2019 to October, 2022. After manual screening, a list of the 100 most-cited articles was obtained, which was analyzed for various factors, including the type of article, citation count, author's affiliation, country of origin, funding bodies, etc.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of the top 100 articles (n=79) in South Asia were published during 2020. India was affiliated with the highest number of articles (n=68), followed by Bangladesh (n=18) and Pakistan (n=12). However, 7 articles were authored by a researcher in Bangladesh. Female authors were under represented (32.38%), with no female author in lists of authors with 4 or more articles. The average number of citations for each of the top 100 most-cited articles was 180.8. Original articles constituted the major portion of the publications (82%), followed by letters (11%) and reviews (4%). Half of the publications belonged to the field of medicine (n=49), while others were contributed by science, psychology, social sciences, and biochemistry and allied sciences (n=8). Vaccine trials were under-represented. Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh was affiliated with the maximum number of articles. Most articles were published in Science of The Total Environment (n=8) while Indian Council of Medical Research (n=4) was the top funding body.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight that South Asia has a great potential to conduct research addressing its challenging health problems. But lack of funds hinders conducting trials of new medications and vaccines. Thus, there is need for allocation of sufficient funds for research and clinical trials by governments and the private sector to enhance the research productivity of this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10566035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41198855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis lowers the quality of life: a neglected truth.","authors":"Nader Aghakhani,&nbsp;Mehdi Azami,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Mohaghegh","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000447","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000447","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by a parasite transmitted by infected female sandflies. There are 3 main forms of the disease [1]: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (Cl) is the most common form and causes skin lesions, mainly ulcers, on exposed parts of the body (see examples in Figure 1 and Figure 2). It is estimated that 600,000 to 1 million new cases occur worldwide annually. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis leads to partial or total destruction of mucous membranes of the nose, mouth and throat. Over 90% of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis cases occur in Bolivia, Brazil, Ethiopia and Peru.","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10566011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41198856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequence-type diversity of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Iran among children under 15 years of age.","authors":"Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei,&nbsp;Marjan Tariverdi,&nbsp;Abdollah Karimi,&nbsp;Ali Nazari-Alam,&nbsp;Hannan Khodaei,&nbsp;Leila Azimi","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000445","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infection with viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens can lead to inflammation of the meninges. Finding the pathogen and identifying the most common type is necessary for each country. Using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), the aim of this study was to determine the genetic relationship among <i>S. pneumoniae</i> isolated from CSF in children with bacterial meningitis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>: Fourteen isolates of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> from CSF in children with bacterial meningitis were included in this study. The seven housekeeping genes, primer, and analysis of the sequencing used in MLST were extracted from PubMLST.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sequencing analysis showed four MLST types in the studied strains. The most frequent type is ST13649 and the least frequent are ST708 and ST285.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Finding the bacterial sequence types (ST) enables comparing the ST in different, especially neighbouring, countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10566012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41198859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Covid-19 anti-spike IgG antibody five months after the second Covid-19 vaccination.","authors":"Reyhaneh Alipoor Rafie,&nbsp;Leila Azimi,&nbsp;Shahnaz Armin,&nbsp;Amirali Aghamohammadi,&nbsp;Abdollah Karimi,&nbsp;Fatemeh Fallah,&nbsp;Hannan Khodaei,&nbsp;Roxana Mansour Ghanaie,&nbsp;Masoud Alebouyeh","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000446","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies in different communities have shown significant differences in IgG antibody titers in the time period after the first and second doses of the vaccines. This study aimed to serologically evaluate the IgG anti-spike antibody titer five months after injection of the second COVID-19 vaccine in healthcare workers.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>This study was performed in healthcare personnel for whom five months had passed since their second anti-Covid-19 vaccination. The level of IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was measured by ELISA. Healthcare workers in Mofid Children's hospital received three brands of vaccines: Sputnik V, Sinopharm, and AstraZeneca.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean titer of anti-spike IgG was 4.3±2.29 units. The percentage of positive cases of the antibody was estimated to be 96.4%. The titer of anti-spike IgG antibody was dependent on both the occupational area and a positive history of Covid-19 disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>About 96.4% of the staff vaccinated against Covid-19 had a high titer of anti-spike IgG antibody even five months after inoculation of the second dose. The field of occupational can affect the level of antibody present.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10566013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41198857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compliance assessment regarding the PVC management on normal wards of a university hospital.","authors":"Volha Rusinovich,&nbsp;Yury Rusinovich,&nbsp;Iris F Chaberny,&nbsp;Susanne Kolbe-Busch","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000430","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The risk of peripheral venous catheter (PVC) infections in inpatients is often underestimated, even if it is lower than that for central venous catheters. Guidelines for the prevention of PVC-associated infections describe the evidence-based management of PVCs. The aims of this study were the development of standardized methods for compliance assessment regarding PVC management and the evaluation of self-reported knowledge and implementations among healthcare providers regarding PVC care.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We developed a checklist based on the recommendation of the Commission of Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention at the Robert Koch Institute (KRINKO) Berlin for the standardized evaluation of PVC management. The following parameters were collected and evaluated: condition of the puncture site, condition of the bandage, presence of an extension set, presence of a plug, and documentation. The checklist was applied in 14 normal wards in 2019. After feedback of the ward staff on the results, it was applied again in 2020 in the same wards. For retrospective data analysis, we used a newly developed PVC-quality index. After the second evaluation in 2020, we carried out an anonymous survey among the healthcare providers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The evaluation of 627 indwelling PVCs showed a significant increase in compliance related to the presence of an extension set (p=0.049) and documentation (p<0.001) in the 2nd year. The quality index increased in 12 out of 14 wards. The participants of the survey were aware of the in-house standard \"Prevention of vascular catheter-associated infections\", with a mean score of 4.98 on a Likert scale (1=not aware, 7=completely aware). The main barrier to implementation of the preventive measures was the time factor. Survey participants were more aware of PVC placement than PVC care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The PVC quality index is a valuable tool for the assessment of compliance regarding PVC management in daily practice. Feedback from the ward staff on the results of compliance assessment improves PVC management, but the outcome is very heterogeneous.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc04"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9978455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9395424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of tuberculosis transmission by children to healthcare workers - a comprehensive review.","authors":"Roland Diel,&nbsp;Albert Nienhaus","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of becoming infected with <i>M. tuberculosis</i> complex (Mtbc).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the magnitude of Mtbc transmission by children under the age of 15 years to HCW.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medline, Google Scholar and Cochrane library were searched to select primary studies in which a child was the presumed index case and exposed HCW were screened for latent TB infection (LTBI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 4,702 abstracts, 15 original case reports covering 16 children with TB were identified. In sum, 1,395 HCW were contact persons and underwent testing. Ten of the studies reported TST conversion, amounting to 35 (2.9%) of the 1,228 HCW tested. In three of the TST-based and both of the studies that used IGRA testing, conversion was absent. 12 of the 15 studies (80%) reported exposure of HCW in neonatal intensive units (NICUs) to premature infants suffering from congenital pulmonary TB. One study including two infants addressed possible pulmonary Mtbc transmission in a general pediatric ward. Extrapulmonary transmission by aerosolized Mtbc was suggested in two patients, an infant with tuberculous peritonitis and a 12-year-old adolescent with pleurisy, and culture-confirmed only after the child had undergone video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Routine use of protective facemasks by HCW before exposure was not mentioned in any of the included studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that the risk of Mtbc transmission from children to HCW is low. Particular attention should be paid to infection risk during respiratory manipulations in NICUs. The consistent wearing of facemasks may further reduce the risk of Mtbc transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10316281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9793276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First case report of hospital staff infestation with cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) in Iran.","authors":"Saeid Amini Rarani,&nbsp;Mehdi Azami,&nbsp;Fatemeh Kiani,&nbsp;Tahereh Basir Kazeroni","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cat fleas (<i>Ctenocephalides felis</i>) are the most common ectoparasites of domestic cats and dogs worldwide. They can parasitize humans in many regions of the globe. Hospital infestation with fleas has not been reported in Iran, and the number of reported cases in the world is very low.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Here we report and describe a hospital infestation with cat fleas in a number of health-care service personnel and nurses, which led to the development of skin lesions and severe itching.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diagnosing the parasite, removing it, and good health and medical management lead to satisfactory outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc06"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9978450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9395422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safe injection, infusion and medication-vial practices at a tertiary care centre: a quality improvement initiative.","authors":"Pragathi Kottapalli,&nbsp;Naveen Chander Reddy Podduturi,&nbsp;Ganta Aswini,&nbsp;Somisetty Jyothi,&nbsp;Admala Naveen","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is a risk of transmission of viruses and microbial pathogens during routine health care procedures due to improper injection, infusion, and medication-vial practices. Unsafe practices lead to outbreaks of infection resulting in unacceptable and devastating events in patients. The present study was undertaken to assess the compliance of nurses with safe injection and infusion practices in our hospital and to identify staff education requirements in relation to the safe-injection and infusion practices policy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Baseline data were collected and high risk areas were identified on this basis, a quality improvement project was implemented by infection control team. FOCUS PDCA methodology was used to conduct the improvement process. The study was performed from March to September 2021. An audit checklist based on the CDC guidelines was used for monitoring compliance with safe injection and infusion practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Poor compliance with safe injection and infusion practices in few clinical areas at baseline. During the pre-intervention period, non-compliance was mainly seen with the following elements: aseptic technique (79%), rubber septum disinfected with alcohol (66%), labelling of all IV lines and medications with date and time (83%), compliance with multidose-vial policy (77%), use of multidose vials for single patient (84%), safe disposal of sharps (84%), using trays instead of clothing/pockets to carry medications (81%). There was significant improvement in compliance with the following elements of safe injection and infusion practices in the post-intervention period: aseptic technique (94%), rubber septum disinfected with alcohol (83%), compliance with multidose-vial policy (96%), use of multidose vials for single patient only (98%), safe disposal of sharps (96%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adherence to safe injection and infusion practices is very important to prevent outbreaks of infection in health care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc03"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9978456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9100762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-based interventions as an effective program for leishmaniasis treatment: a duty to act.","authors":"Nader Aghakhani,&nbsp;Mehdi Azami,&nbsp;Saeid Amini Rarani","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000441","url":null,"abstract":"Sir, Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection caused by the Leishmania parasite, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected sand flies. The disease can cause a variety of symptoms, including disfiguring skin lesions and scars thatmay leave permanent psychosocial effects, such as decliningmental health, social exclusion, and stigma [1]. Moreover, infected individuals are at a higher risk of suffering from lower quality of life, depression, anxiety, low body image, and loss of social status. There are several barriers to effective diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis, including poor health literacy, poverty, and limited access to healthcare in some regions. These factors can make it difficult for individuals to seek timely and appropriate care for the disease, which can lead to further complications and negative health outcomes [2]. Community-based interventions are an important strategy for the prevention and treatment of leishmaniasis. These interventions typically focus on reducing contact between humans and the sand fly vectors that transmit the disease, as well as controlling vector populations through the use of insecticides and other measures. Protectivemanagement strategies, such as bed nets, can also be effective in reducing the risk of infection. In addition, efforts to reduce the reservoir host populations can help to limit the number of infected individuals. Community participation is crucial in the success of these interventions, as it can help to increase compliance with preventive measures and promote awareness about the importance of seeking treatment. Education and training for health professionals, volunteers, and community members on screening and treatment methods can also play an important role in improving outcomes for individuals with leishmaniasis [3]. Community-based interventions can take many different forms, and may vary in terms of their content, design,","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":"18 ","pages":"Doc15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10416617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10351512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}